193 research outputs found

    AmĂ©lioration de la valeur nutritionnelle des gousses de Piliostigma reticulatum (D. C.) Hochst dans l’alimentation du bĂ©tail en pĂ©riode de soudure

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    Dans la zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso, les gousses de Piliostigma reticulatum sont intensĂ©ment utilisĂ©es pendant la saison sĂšche comme aliment d’appoint pour le bĂ©tail. L’objectif de cette Ă©tudeest d’amĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© nutritionnelle de ces gousses pour optimiser leur apport. Neuf rations comprenant chacune des gousses de P. reticulatum (70 p.100) et du foin de Pennisetum pedicellatum (30 p.100) distribuĂ©esĂ  raison de 50 g MS/kg p0,75 ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es sur des ovins de race DjallonkĂ©. Les gousses ont subi diffĂ©rents traitements physiques (concassage, mouture) suivis ou non de traitement Ă  l’urĂ©e auxquelles est associĂ© dans certains cas du charbon de bambou Ă  des doses de 0,25 ou 0,50 g/kg PV dans le but d’influencer l’action des tanins. L’utilisation de l’urĂ©e a entraĂźnĂ©, quelle que soit la forme de distribution, une amĂ©lioration de la digestibilitĂ©, surtout celle des matiĂšres azotĂ©es en raison de l’augmentation significative de leur teneur. L’adjonction du charbon de bambou n’a amĂ©liorĂ© la digestibilitĂ© des gousses non traitĂ©es Ă  l’urĂ©e qu’à la dose de 0,50 g/kg PV. Par contre, sur des gousses traitĂ©es Ă  l’urĂ©e, il a permis une amĂ©lioration significative (

    Possibilités de bouturage chez Maerua crassifolia Forssk., Capparaceae, un ligneux fourrager Sahélien

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    Possibilities of propagation by cutting at maerua crassifolia forssk.,capparaceae, a sahelian fodder tree Characteristics of the cutting of Maerua crassifolia, a sahelian fodder tree, and their monthly variations were established with cuttings resulting from plantations obtained byartificial regeneration. On a branch of stem, we distinguished closed, median and distant parts. Work took place during hot dry period, in May, April, June and July. The time of resumption is the same one for the various types of cuttings in April. For this month, the most elevated resumption rate (86.70 %) has been gotten with closed cuttings with a length of 19 days of resumption. The weakest resumption rate has been raised to themonth of May, in spite of a length of 9 days of resumption. The month of July, with 91.30 % of resumption and a length of 19 days appears most auspicious. In the same way the delay of resumption was of 2 days

    Seroprevalence Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Nylon District Hospital Tuberculosis Treatment Centre

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    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Cameroon is high with 32% of adult TB patients, all forms, co-infected with HIV. The Nylon District Hospital in Douala runs a centre for the diagnosis and treatment of TB since 2001 and a pioneer Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) management programme at district level since 2000. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients from 2003 to 2006 and to analyse the pattern of TB/HIV co-infection rate over time. Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Nylon District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection in TB patients was 51.6%. This was greater for patients living out of the Nylon Health District (P= 0.001). Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (SPPT) was the most frequent (65%) form of TB diagnosed but extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) and smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) were more frequently associated with HIV co-infection (80% and 68.6% respectively). While men and women presented equally with TB, women (61.4%) were significantly (P< 0.0001) more TB/HIV co-infected than men (42%). The co-infection rate was highest among individuals aged 25-44 years (61.4%) and least among the 0-24 years age group (22.5%). The increase in TB/HIV co-infection rate is monotonic over time with a stronger trend among females aged 25-44 years (P= 0.037) and above 45 years (P= 0.001). Conclusion: The NDH selectively attracted HIV positive patients to adhere to their HIV programme. The creation of HIV / AIDS treatment units in institutions providing TB diagnosis and treatment services will reduce the movement of TB/HIV co-infected patients across provinces and health districts as well as enhancing TB/HIV co-infection diagnosis and notification. East African Medical Journal Vol. 85 (11) 2008: pp. 529-53

    Les démences en afrique subsaharienne : aspects cliniques et étiologiques en milieu hospitalier à ouagadougou (burkina faso)

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    Description En Afrique subsaharienne, l’amĂ©lioration progressive des conditions de vie a pour corollaire l’émergence accrue de certaines pathologies en rapport avec l’ñge dont la dĂ©mence. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les diffĂ©rents aspects des dĂ©mences au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado OuĂ©draogo. MĂ©thodes C’est une Ă©tude transversale qui a inclus pendant deux ans les sujets ĂągĂ©s de plus de 15 ans hospitalisĂ©s ou ayant consultĂ© dans les services de Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Cardiologie et Neurochirurgie et rĂ©pondant aux critĂšres diagnostiques de dĂ©mence du DSM-IV. RĂ©sultats Soixante-douze dĂ©mences ont Ă©tĂ© diagnostiquĂ©es soit une prĂ©valence hospitaliĂšre de 4,55 pour mille patients et 2,21 % des patients hospitalisĂ©s. L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 62,20 ans avec un sex ratio de 2. L’installation des troubles cognitifs et comportementaux a Ă©tĂ© insidieuse et progressive dans la plupart des cas. La dĂ©mence Ă©tait sĂ©vĂšre avec un score MMS infĂ©rieur Ă  9 dans la majoritĂ© des cas. Les dĂ©mences secondaires dites curables Ă©taient les plus frĂ©quentes (68,05 %), dominĂ©es par les dĂ©mences vasculaires et les causes neurochirurgicales. Seulement 18 % des dĂ©mences Ă©taient dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives avec Ă  leur tĂȘte lesdĂ©mences de type Alzheimer. L’entourage familial reste fortement impliquĂ© dans la dĂ©marche de soins et la prise en charge.Conclusion La dĂ©mence est une rĂ©alitĂ© au Burkina Faso, avec une prĂ©valence sous-estimĂ©e. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire de mener des Ă©tudes en population dans le but d’envisager des mesures prĂ©ventives et de prise en charge adaptĂ©es Ă  notre contexte

    Proprietes hydriques des sols dans deux zones a ecosystemes contrastes au Sahel

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    Les sĂ©cheresses rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es du Sahel et la pression de la population ont eu un impact nĂ©gatif sur l’environnement ont conduit Ă  la dĂ©gradation des ressources naturelles. Mais depuis ces deux derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, l’état des ressources au Sahel est mitigĂ©. C’est ainsi que, dans certaines zones, on parle de la perte de certaines fonctions du sol. Cette Ă©tude menĂ©e dans le Sahel et dans deux zones Ă  Ă©cosystĂšmes contrastĂ©s a portĂ© sur la dĂ©termination des propriĂ©tĂ©s hydrodynamiques et la caractĂ©risation des sols en fonction de l’occupation des terres afin de dĂ©terminer la capacitĂ© du sol Ă  soutenir certaines fonctions. Elle analyse l’influence de l’occupation des terres sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s hydriques des sols. Elle a utilisĂ© un Ă©chantillonnage de sol, des mesures de densitĂ© apparente, d’humiditĂ© et l’infiltromĂ©trie Ă  succion contrĂŽlĂ©e Ă  trois niveaux de tensions en fonction de l’occupation des terres. L’analyse statistique donne des diffĂ©rences significatives en ce qui concerne la variation de l’argile avec la profondeur, trĂšs significatives pour l’analyse texturale en fonction de l’occupation des terres. Pour les propriĂ©tĂ©s hydriques, seule la conductivitĂ© hydraulique Ă  la tension (-5) et la taille des pores par sites donnent une diffĂ©rence significative. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une dĂ©gradation de la texture qui induit celle de la porositĂ© texturale et de forte valeur de conductibilitĂ© hydraulique Ă  Koalma.Mots clĂ©s : ConductivitĂ© hydraulique ; texture du sol ; occupation des terres ; dĂ©gradation ; Sahe

    What are the prospects for intensifying soil fertility management in the Sahel? A case study from Sanmatenga, Burkina Faso

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    Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:5359.2826(no 22) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

    Sheep Updates 2006 - part 3

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    This session covers six papers from different authors: GRAZING 1. Making better use of clover, Karen Venning and Andrew Thompson, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria 2. Grazing systems demonstration to optimise pasture utilisation and stocking rate, Mike Hyder, Sue-Ellen Shaw, Kelly Hill and Ron McTaggart, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia. 3. Know your audience to increase their rate of practice change - Lifetime Wool as an example, Gus Rose, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Carolyn Kabore, Kazresearch REPRODUCTION 4. Lifetime Wool - Ewe Management Guidlines, Mandy Curnow, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia 5. Achieving the best reproductive performance from your hoggets, Kenyon PR, Morris ST, West DM, Perkins NR, Pinchbeck GL., Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand. 6. Lifetime Wool: Twin futures, Dr Ralph Behrendt, Department of Primary Industries, Victori

    Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among high-risk groups in urban Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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    Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among three high-risk groups - household contacts of TB index cases, healthcare workers and slaughterhouse workers - in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: Participants were recruited to this cross-sectional study from March to July 2020 after giving informed consent. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test (QFT-Plus) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) were used for detection of LTBI. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for LTBI. Results: The prevalence of LTBI among 101 participants (age range 15-68 years) was 67.33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.27-76.33] and 84.16% (95% CI 75.55-90.66) based on QFT-Plus and TST results, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers and household contacts of TB index cases, the prevalence of LTBI among slaughterhouse workers was significantly higher for both QTF-Plus (96.8%; P /=15 years of exposure (AOR 5.617, 95% CI 1.202-32.198), having an animal at home (AOR 2.735, 95% CI 1.102-6.789) and protozoal infection (AOR 2.591, 95% CI 1.034-6.491) were significantly associated with LTBI on the QFT-Plus assay. Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI was high in all three groups, particularly slaughterhouse workers. The risk factors identified could form the basis of targeted intervention

    Predictors of linkage to care following community-based HIV counseling and testing in rural Kenya

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    Despite innovations in HIV counseling and testing (HCT), important gaps remain in understanding linkage to care. We followed a cohort diagnosed with HIV through a community-based HCT campaign that trained persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) as navigators. Individual, interpersonal, and institutional predictors of linkage were assessed using survival analysis of self-reported time to enrollment. Of 483 persons consenting to follow-up, 305 (63.2%) enrolled in HIV care within 3 months. Proportions linking to care were similar across sexes, barring a sub-sample of men aged 18–25 years who were highly unlikely to enroll. Men were more likely to enroll if they had disclosed to their spouse, and women if they had disclosed to family. Women who anticipated violence or relationship breakup were less likely to link to care. Enrolment rates were significantly higher among participants receiving a PLHA visit, suggesting that a navigator approach may improve linkage from community-based HCT campaigns.Vestergaard Frandse
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