Détresse vitale du nouveau-né en salle de naissance au CHU-YO de Ouagadougou: intérêt de la réanimation néo natale

Introduction: La détresse vitale extra-utérine n'est souvent pas anticipée dans les pays en développement aggravant ainsi la mortalité néonatale. L'objectif de notre étude était de rapporté l'incidence des détresses, de décrire les aspects de la prise en charge et l'évolution à court terme. Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive dans le service de gynéco-obstétrique du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou du 15 avril au 15 juin 2015. Les nouveaux nés avec un score d'Apgar inférieur à 6 à la première minute ont été inclus. Les caractéristiques  sociodémographiques des mères, les étiologies ont été décrites. Les gestes vitaux, les médicaments utilisés ainsi que l'évolution ont été notés. Le plateau technique et la qualification des soignants ont été rapportés. Résultats: Quatre-vingt-trois nouveaux nés sur 1266 naissances vivantes ont présenté une détresse vitale, soient 6,55%. La moyenne d'âge des mères était de 25,48 ans. La durée de l'accouchement à excéder 12 heures dans 41 cas (49,40%) et dans 59 cas (71,10%) les mères ont accouché par césarienne. Tout le personnel (100%) en charge des nouveaux nés était des sages-femmes. L'aspiration à la poire a été réalisée dans 69 cas (soit 83,1%). Le massage cardiaque a été effectué chez 16 nouveaux nés (soit 19,3%). Nous avons enregistré 19 décès (22 ,90%). Conclusion: La fréquence des détresses à la naissance est élevée en salle de naissance à la maternité du CHU-YO. Le monitorage technique est insuffisant. La réanimation a abouti à 65 cas (soit 78,30%) de survie dans les dix premières minutes.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Guiera senegalensis on Trypanosoma brucei Infected Mice

Aqueous decoction of Guiera senegalensis leaves was studied orally and intraperitoneally for its antitrypanosomal activity on mice infected experimentally with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. After a phytochemical screening followed by an acute toxicity study on mice, the extract of plant was administered once daily for 2 days at doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg / kg orally and 15, 30 and 60 mg / kg intraperitoneally after infection. Then, parameters of parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), mean survival time and body weight of the mice treated with the extract were measured and compared with positive (diminazene aceturate) and negative (distilled water) controls for 7 days in a row. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of G. senegalensis leaves contains tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, reducing compounds and anthocyanosides, alkaloids and coumarins. LD50 of the extract are 1264.49 mg / kg by oral route and 316.22 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route. The doses of 240 mg / kg by oral route and 15 and 60 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route of aqueous extract showed a mean survival time (5 days) comparable to the positive control. Parasitaemia level increased in all mice tested except in mice treated with diminazene aceturate during the post-infestation period. During this period, PCV and body weight of all mice decreased by both routes of administration. These results of the study show the pharmacological utility of G. senegalensis leaves in the control of TAA by herders / pastoralists and suggest continuing further bio-guided studies to isolate the active components of the plant in order to improve their efficiency. Keywords: In vivo test; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Guiera senegalensis leaves; phytochemical screening; acute toxicity

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Untreated Human Infections by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Are Not 100% Fatal

The final outcome of infection by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the main agent of sleeping sickness, has always been considered as invariably fatal. While scarce and old reports have mentioned cases of self-cure in untreated patients, these studies suffered from the lack of accurate diagnostic tools available at that time. Here, using the most specific and sensitive tools available to date, we report on a long-term follow-up (15 years) of a cohort of 50 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) patients from the Ivory Coast among whom 11 refused treatment after their initial diagnosis. In 10 out of 11 subjects who continued to refuse treatment despite repeated visits, parasite clearance was observed using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of these subjects (7/10) also displayed decreasing serological responses, becoming progressively negative to trypanosome variable antigens (LiTat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6). Hence, in addition to the “classic” lethal outcome of HAT, we show that alternative natural progressions of HAT may occur: progression to an apparently aparasitaemic and asymptomatic infection associated with strong long-lasting serological responses and progression to an apparently spontaneous resolution of infection (with negative results in parasitological tests and PCR) associated with a progressive drop in antibody titres as observed in treated cases. While this study does not precisely estimate the frequency of the alternative courses for this infection, it is noteworthy that in the field national control programs encounter a significant proportion of subjects displaying positive serologic test results but negative results in parasitological testing. These findings demonstrate that a number of these subjects display such infection courses. From our point of view, recognising that trypanotolerance exists in humans, as is now widely accepted for animals, is a major step forward for future research in the field of HAT

CARACTERISATION DES TROUBLES MUSCULOSQUELETTIQUES (TMS) CHEZ LES ENSEIGNANTS D’EPS DANS LA VILLE DE OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO / CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN THE CITY OF OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO

Contexte : Les Troubles Musculo Squelettiques (TMS) sont des pathologies qui affectent les muscles, tendons, nerfs des membres et le rachis. Ils touchent les différentes catégories socio- professionnelles. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence, la localisation et les facteurs associés aux TMS chez les enseignants d’EPS actifs. Méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive réalisée au moyen du questionnaire CCHST (2018) auprès de 165 enseignants dont 158 (95,57%) hommes et sept (4,43%) femmes dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Résultat : Au total 128 (77,58%) enseignants avaient des TMS. Ces TMS étaient localisés en majorité à la hanche (67%), aux lombaires (59%), aux genoux/jambes (31%). L’âge, l’ancienneté dans l’exercice du métier, les antécédents de santé et le volume horaire d’enseignement étaient associés à la survenue des TMS. Ces résultats révèlent que la grande majorité des enseignants d’EPS souffraient de TMS et ceux-ci étaient en majorité situés au niveau de la partie inférieure du corps. Nous pouvons conclure que les TMS des enseignants d’EPS sont fréquents et méritent d’être pris en charge. Conclusion : De cette étude, il est ressorti que les facteurs associés de ces TMS étaient l’âge, les antécédents de santé, l’ancienneté et le volume horaire hebdomadaire de cours. L’analyse de ces résultats révèle que la grande majorité des enseignants d’EPS sont concernés par les TMS. Le métier d’enseignant d’EPS est un métier à haut risque de TMS. Ainsi, les enseignants d’EPS doivent œuvrer pour la reconnaissance, la prise en charge et la prévention des maladies liées à leur métier. Des études prospectives avec des analyses médicales devraient être envisagées pour contrôler et dissocier les paramètres de la mobilité et de l’immobilité de la posture debout chez les enseignants d’EPS dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Context: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are pathologies that affect the muscles, tendons, nerves of the limbs and the spine. They affect different socio-occupational categories. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, location and factors associated with MSDs in active PE teachers. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted using the CCHST (2018) questionnaire among 165 teachers, 158 (95.57%) of whom were men and seven (4.43%) were women in the city of Ouagadougou. Result: A total of 128 (77.58%) teachers had MSDs. The majority of these MSDs were located in the hip (67%), lumbar (59%), and knee/leg (31%) areas. Age, length of time in the profession, health history and teaching hours were associated with the occurrence of MSDs. These results show that the vast majority of PE teachers suffered from MSDs, and most of them were located in the lower part of the body. We can conclude that MSDs in PE teachers are frequent and deserve to be managed. Conclusion: The study found that the factors associated with MSDs were age, health history, length of service, and weekly class time. Analysis of these results reveals that the vast majority of PE teachers are affected by MSDs. The profession of PE teacher is a high-risk profession for MSDs. Thus, PE teachers must work for the recognition, management and prevention of illnesses related to their profession. Prospective studies with medical analyses should be envisaged to monitor and dissociate the parameters of mobility and immobility of the standing posture among PE teachers in the city of Ouagadougou.  Article visualizations

INACTIVITE PHYSIQUE ET QUALITE DE VIE DES PERSONNES AGEES DANS LA VILLE DE OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO / PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER PEOPLE IN THE CITY OF OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO

Objectif : La croissance du nombre des personnes âgées (PA) ou encore le phénomène de vieillissement de la population touche à présent les pays à revenu faible. Notre travail a pour objectif d’analyser la relation entre le niveau d’activités physique des PA et leur qualité de vie. Matériel et méthode : nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive et analytique par questionnaire auto-administré. L’enquête a été réalisée au moyen de questionnaires validés d’activité physique de Dijon et du WHOQUOL-BREF (OMS) auprès des sujets d’au moins 60 ans choisis de façon raisonnée dans les lieux de culte, les grains de jeux de société et les associations des PA dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Les logiciels CSPRO 7.0 et STATA 14 ont été utilisés pour la saisie et l’analyse des données. Un modèle de régression multiple a été utilisé pour déterminer la relation entre l’activité physique des personnes âgées et leur qualité de vie. Résultats : Au total 356 sujets d’au moins 60 ans ont été inclus dans notre étude. La tranche d’âge de 60 à 75 ans était la plus représentée (71,91%) et 66,57% des sujets étaient de sexe masculin. Les sujets mariés représentaient 65,17 % de l’échantillon. Les 2/3 des sujets avaient une bonne qualité de vie et moins du tiers avait un niveau d’activité faible. Le modèle final de régression logistique montrait que la qualité de vie augmente avec le niveau d’activité physique ajustée sur certaines variables (OR moyen= 4,88 [1,94-12,23] ; OR élevé=4,70 [2,51-8,80] par rapport au niveau faible). Conclusion : Ces résultats révèlent des scores d’activité physique et de qualité de vie faibles et un état de santé très morbide. L’activité physique est un outil déterminant de la qualité de vie chez les PA au Burkina Faso. Objective: The growth in the number of elderly people or the phenomenon of population aging is now affecting low-income countries. Our work aims to analyze the relationship between the level of physical activity of the elderly and their quality of life. Material and method: We carried out a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study by self-administered questionnaire. The survey was carried out using validated Dijon and WHOQUOL-BREF physical activity questionnaires among subjects aged at least 60 years selected in a reasoned manner in places of worship, board game centers and associations of the elderly in the city of Ouagadougou. CSPRO 7.0 and STATA 14 software were used for data entry and analysis. A multiple regression model was used to determine the relationship between the physical activity of the elderly and their quality of life. Results: A total of 356 subjects at least 60 years old were included in our study. The age range of 60 to 75 years was the most represented (71.91%) and 66.57% of the subjects were male. Married subjects represented 65.17% of the sample. Two thirds of the subjects had a good quality of life and less than one third had a low activity level. The final logistic regression model showed that quality of life increased with activity level adjusted for certain variables (mean OR=4.88 [1.94-12.23]; high OR=4.70 [2.51-8.80] vs low level). Conclusion: These results reveal low physical activity and quality of life scores and a highly morbid health status. Physical activity is a determinant of quality of life in the elderly in Burkina Faso. Article visualizations

Implementing the information access assistant service for an evaluation

International audienceThe increasing of multimedia information great diffusion on the web generates cognitive users' overload and plenty of solutions are proposed to solve it. Despite the multitude of solutions, web users are still looking for more and simpler assistant in web using. In this paper, we present an information adaptation system using characteristics of the user. Our work aims to improve access to information through recommendations made on the basis of relevance notices (feedbacks) given by other users of the system when they access information. After introducing the concepts and mechanisms used by our system, we compare it with other systems in order to show the originality of our ideas. Finally, we propose an implementation and a preliminary evaluation of our software in order to assess its performance

Mapping of Sedimentary Bodies by 3D Seismic Reflection Data. Application to the pre-Messinian Ebro Margin

Trabajo final presentado por Alejandra Lago Cameselle para el Master en Geofísica de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) y la Universitat Ramón Llull (URL), realizado bajo la dirección del Dr. Roger Urgeles Esclasans del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 74 pages, 39 figures, 8 tables, 1 appendixThree-dimensional (3D) seismic reflection profiling is one of the most advanced technologies used in offshore and onshore geophysics. It is needed for a wide range of investigations, most often carried out by the hydrocarbon industry, in inshore, coastal, and deep ocean environments. Three-dimensional seismic reflection profiling, provides high-resolution images of the subsurface that allow solving detailed structural and stratigraphic conditions. The implementation of seismic attributes, such as amplitude or coherence, has improved our capacity to visualize and interpret features such as sedimentary patterns (e.g., channel systems) or faults and fractures in any orientation. In this project, we used 2700 km2 of 3D seismic reflection data with the aim of mapping the Miocene sedimentary bodies deposited in front of the Ebro Delta. From these data we try to 1) offer new constrains on the geomorphological evolution of the Ebro Margin, 2) provide evidences of a possible pre-Messinian connexion between the Ebro Basin and the Mediterranean Sea, which is still the subject of intense debate, and, 3) determine whether all prograding clinoforms below the Messinian Erosion Surface (MES) are actually pre-Messinian or some were formed during the Messinian. Five seismic surfaces were mapped between the Top Oligocene and the MES along the 3D seismic volume, including the two boundaries and three intra-Miocene horizons to establish accurate stratigraphic markers for the mapped area as a whole. The 3D seismic data display a major NE-SW oriented horst-and-graben structure developed in an extensional context during the upper Oligocene-early Miocene (Sàbat et al., 1997; Roca et al., 1999). The study of the depocentres shows that the initial sedimentary transport started filling the deepest troughs from north-northwest during the syn-rift stage. The increasing sedimentation, together with the attenuation of the tectonic activity, led to a progressive filling of the grabens, subsequent spreading and final onlapping of the structural highs. This caused the development of sigmoidal clinoforms that evolved in a progradational system. This increase of the sediment rate, together with the change in the transport direction from longitudinal (N-NW) to transversal (E-NE) observed from the study of the depocentres, are presumably indicative of the existence of a pre-Messinian Ebro River. Moreover, the subsequent Messinian Salinity Crisis truncated the evolution of the Ebro Margin, which became dominated by a major fluvial system identified as the Messinian Ebro River. The high-equilibrium conditions reached by this drainage network also support the idea of a capture of the Ebro Basin by a relative small river prior to the Messinian drawdownPeer Reviewe