308 research outputs found
Successful Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Radius
Chronic osteomyelitis is uncommon in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Current migration trends with an influx of people from less affluent nations may result in more cases of chronic osteomyelitis being seen in community and hospital practice. We report on a case of chronic osteomyelitis of the radius and document current treatment recommendations
Sleep Duration Mediates the Relationship Between Health Behavior Patterns and Obesity
Objective: To examine associations between health behavior patterns and childhood obesity, and the mediating effect of sleep duration.
Design: Population-based survey.
Participants: Secondary analysis of data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study (age 6 years, n = 1073).
Measurements: Mothers self-reported their childâs health behaviors including physical activity (PA), screen time, sleep duration, and diet. Latent class analysis determined the childâs patterns based on health behaviors. Sleep was examined as a mediator between the class membership variable and %BMIp95.
Results: A 3-class model fit the data best, with classes labeled as âPoorest eatersâ (low fruit/vegetable consumption, high fast food), âHealthyâ (low screen time, highest fruit/vegetable consumption) and âActive, super-eaters, highest screen timeâ (highest PA and screen time, ate the most). âPoorest eatersâ had an increased %BMIp95 (β = 4.11, P = .006) relative to the âHealthyâ class. The âPoorest eatersâ and âActive, super-eaters, highest screen timeâ classes had shorter sleep duration (β = â0.51, P \u3c .001; β = â0.38, P \u3c .001; respectively) relative to the âHealthyâ class. Independent of class membership, each additional hour of sleep was associated with a %BMIp95 that was 2.93 U lower (P \u3c .001).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that health behavior patterns mediated by sleep duration may influence a childâs %BMIp95. The bi-directionality of the relationship between health behaviors and sleep remains unclear. Our findings suggest the importance of a constellation of health behaviors on childhood obesity. Interventions should include a multitude of health behaviors and consider the possibility that improving diet and activity behaviors may facilitate improved sleep and lowered obesity risk among children
An efficient and cost-effective method of generating postnatal (P2â5) mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures
Background: Primary culture of postnatal central neurons is a widely used methodology for applications such as the investigation of neuronal development, protein trafficking/distribution and cellular signalling. However, successful production and maintenance of such cultures, particularly from postnatal animals, can be challenging. In attempting to surmount these difficulties, several disparate culturing methodologies have been developed. Such methodologies are centred on the identification and optimisation of critical steps and, as such, the protocols and reagents utilised can differ quite markedly from protocol to protocol, often with the suggestion that the use of a (usually expensive) proprietary reagent(s), lengthy substrate preparation and/or cell isolation techniques is/are necessary for successful culture preparation. New method: Herein, we present a simple and inexpensive protocol for the preparation of primary hippocampal neurons from postnatal (2â5 day old) mice, which remain viable for experimental use for over one month. Results: Neurons cultured using this method follow well established developmental norms and display typical responses to standard physiological stimuli such as depolarisation and certain pharmacological agents. Comparison with existing methods/conclusion: By using a novel trituration technique, simplified methodology and non-proprietary reagents, we have developed a reliable protocol that enables the cost effective and efficient production of high quality postnatal mouse hippocampal cultures. This method, if required, can also be utilised to prepare neurons both from other regions of the brain as well as from other species such as rat
The National Childrens Study: An Introduction and Historical Overview
The National Childrenâs Study (NCS) was an ambitious attempt to map childrenâs health and development in a large representative group of children in the United States. In this introduction, we briefly review the background of the NCS and the history of the multiple strategies that were tested to recruit women and children. Subsequent articles then detail the protocols and outcomes of 4 of the recruitment strategies. It is hoped that lessons learned from these attempts to define a study protocol that could achieve the initial aims of the NCS will inform future efforts to conceptualize and execute strategies to provide generalizable insights on the longitudinal health of our nationâs children
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The Association between Change in Physical Activity and Weight during Adolescence
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between annual change in physical activity and subsequent annual change in weight status in adolescents over a 4 year period.
Design: Longitudinalstudy design with annualdata collection over 4 years. Setting: Suburban school district in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants: 1245 adolescents aged 11-16 years. Main outcome measures: Physical activity and body mass index (BMI) percentile. Analysis: Generalized estimating equation (GEE).
Results: 994 participants (53% male) were included in the analyses. The longitudinal associations between changes in physical activity and BMI% were mostly small and non-significant. However, compared with those who did not change their physical activity, a large annual increase in physical activity (>10 hr/wk) was associated with a significant increase in BMI%. Results were broadly similar for total and vigorous physical activity, boys and girls and for healthy and unhealthy (>85th percentile) BMI%.
Conclusions and Implications: The role of physical activity in the development of obesity during adolescence therefore remains unclear. Further work is needed to elucidate the role of physical activity in the preventionof obesity
Effects of concrete composition on transmission length of prestressing strands
The bond behaviour of prestressing strands in precast pretensioned concrete members, and its transmission length, depends on several factors. However, no consensus exists on the main parameters to be considered in the expressions to predict the transmission length. Usually when the concrete properties are considered, only the concrete compressive strength is included. This study analyzes the influence of concrete composition made up of different cement contents and water/cement ratios on the bond behaviour in transmission of seven-wire prestressing strands. The bond properties and the transmission lengths have been determined. The results show that the influence of the water/cement ratio is very small for concretes with lows cement contents, but the influence of the water/cement ratio on the transmission lengths is highly significant when cement content is high. The effect of cement content in the transmission lengths can reveal different tendencies based on the level of the water/cement ratioThe content of this article forms a part of research that the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia's Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH) is presently conducting in conjunction with PREVALESA and ISOCRON. This study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science and ERDF (Project BIA2006-05521). The authors wish to thank the above companies as well as the concrete structures laboratory technicians at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for their cooperation. Also, the authors wish to pay their respects to C.A. Arbelaez.MartĂ Vargas, JR.; Serna Ros, P.; Navarro Gregori, J.; Bonet Senach, JL. (2012). Effects of concrete composition on transmission length of prestressing strands. Construction and Building Materials. 27(1):350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.038S35035627
Report on digitalisation in Company law
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Report on Information on Groups
Informal Company Law Expert Grou
âShe was Like âDonât Try Thisâ and âDonât Drink Thisâ and âDonât Mix Theseââ: Older Siblings and the Transmission of Embodied Knowledge Surrounding Alcohol Consumption
Š 2019 Sage Publications and YOUNG Editorial Group. This article draws on qualitative research conducted with 40 young people, aged 15â24, in the Chorlton and Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK. With a focus on alcohol consumption, this article shows how older siblings transmit embodied knowledge to younger siblings. This article finds that older siblings are an important source of protection for younger siblings when starting their drinking careers. Moreover, they play a fundamental role in facilitating open intragenerational dialogue surrounding alcohol consumption. Through highlighting the important role of older siblings in transmitting embodied knowledge to younger siblings during the transition to adulthood, this article argues that there is a need to encourage greater involvement of siblings in formal educational settings surrounding learning about important issues, such as: alcohol consumption; drug consumption; and relationships and sex education, to help ensure consistent messages
Longitudinal association between television watching and computer use and risk markers in diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study: Television watching and risk markers in diabetes
The study provides evidence of the longitudinal association between screen time with hemoglobin A1c and cardiovascular risk markers among youth with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)
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