Vessel extraction under non-uniform illumination: A level set approach

Vessel extraction is one of the critical tasks in clinical practice. This communication presents a new approach for vessel extraction using a level-set-based active contour by defining a novel local term that takes local image contrast into account. The proposed model not only preserves the performance of the existing models on blurry images, but also overcomes their inability to handle nonuniform illumination. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated with experiments involving both synthetic images and clinical angiograms. © 2006 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Repurposing hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels as a novel therapy for breast cancer.

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are members of the voltage-gated cation channel family known to be expressed in the heart and central nervous system. Ivabradine, a small molecule HCN channel-blocker, is FDA-approved for clinical use as a heart rate-reducing agent. We found that HCN2 and HCN3 are overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared with normal breast epithelia, and the high expression of HCN2 and HCN3 is associated with poorer survival in breast cancer patients. Inhibition of HCN by Ivabradine or by RNAi, aborted breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumour growth in patient-derived tumour xenograft models established from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues, with no evident side-effects on the mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis showed enrichment for cholesterol metabolism and biosynthesis as well as lipid metabolism pathways associated with ER-stress following Ivabradine treatment. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HCN inhibition leads to ER-stress, in part due to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, which subsequently triggered the apoptosis cascade. More importantly, we investigated the synergistic effect of Ivabradine and paclitaxel on TNBC and confirmed that both drugs acted synergistically in vitro through ER-stress to amplify signals for caspase activation. Combination therapy could suppress tumour growth of xenografts at much lower doses for both drugs. In summary, our study identified a new molecular target with potential for being developed into targeted therapy, providing scientific grounds for initiating clinical trials for a new treatment regimen of combining HCN inhibition with chemotherapy

Effects of the neurogranin variant rs12807809 on thalamocortical morphology in schizophrenia

10.1371/journal.pone.0085603PLoS ONE812-POLN

Whistleblowers as regulatory intermediaries: Instrumental and reflexive considerations in decentralizing regulation

This article frames whistleblowers as regulatory intermediaries who provide a response to the problem posed by the fragmentation of knowledge in a complex society and market economy. I identify two ways in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries: The first is by remedying informational asymmetries between the regulator and the target (instrumental approach). Both in the United States and in the European Union, whistleblowers are protected on the basis of the value of the disclosed information for the advancement of regulatory objectives. The second way in which whistleblowers become regulatory intermediaries is by contributing to the development of “communities of compliance” and by enhancing the internal self-regulatory capacities of regulatory targets (reflexive approach). Creating internal channels of reporting and monitoring is perceived as a way to change the organizational culture of targets. Through the instrumentalism – reflexivity dipole, competing rationales and normative visions of regulatory intermediation become apparent: It could, on the one hand, facilitate state intervention and legal sanctions or, on the other hand, signal the aspiration to embed public and social values in private actors

Feline low-grade alimentary lymphoma: an emerging entity and a potential animal model for human disease

Background: Low-grade alimentary lymphoma (LGAL) is characterised by the infiltration of neoplastic T-lymphocytes, typically in the small intestine. The incidence of LGAL has increased over the last ten years and it is now the most frequent digestive neoplasia in cats and comprises 60 to 75% of gastrointestinal lymphoma cases. Given that LGAL shares common clinical, paraclinical and ultrasonographic features with inflammatory bowel diseases, establishing a diagnosis is challenging. A review was designed to summarise current knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of feline LGAL. Electronic searches of PubMed and Science Direct were carried out without date or language restrictions. Results: A total of 176 peer-reviewed documents were identified and most of which were published in the last twenty years. 130 studies were found from the veterinary literature and 46 from the human medicine literature. Heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures made meta-analysis inappropriate. The pathophysiology of feline LGAL still needs to be elucidated, not least the putative roles of infectious agents, environmental factors as well as genetic events. The most common therapeutic strategy is combination treatment with prednisolone and chlorambucil, and prolonged remission can often be achieved. Developments in immunohistochemical analysis and clonality testing have improved the confidence of clinicians in obtaining a correct diagnosis between LGAL and IBD. The condition shares similarities with some diseases in humans, especially human indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of feline LGAL still needs to be elucidated and prospective studies as well as standardisation of therapeutic strategies are needed. A combination of conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry remains the current gold-standard test, but clinicians should be cautious about reclassifying cats previously diagnosed with IBD to lymphoma on the basis of clonality testing. Importantly, feline LGAL could be considered to be a potential animal model for indolent digestive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, a rare condition in human medicine

A novel active contour model using local and global statistics for vessel extraction

Vessel extraction is one of the critical tasks in clinical practice. Most of the deformable models used in these applications are based on either image gradient or global statistics of the intensity as their curve evolution and stopping criteria. However, the models using global statistic alone are not adaptive to the uneven intensity distribution since they do not take local variations in the area of interest into consideration. In this paper, we propose a novel level set based active contour model which combines a simple local function with the global statistical information for better vessel extraction results. © 2006 IEEE.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Boundary vector field for parametric active contours

Snakes are widely used in the fields of computer vision and image processing. There are a number of shortcomings of the traditional snakes, including the capture range problem and the concave object extraction problem. Gradient vector flow snake enhances the concave object extraction capability. However, it suffers from high computational requirement. In this paper, we present a new external force which is generated by a novel interpolation scheme which reduces the computational requirement significantly, and at the same time, improves the capture range and concave object extraction capability. © 2006 Pattern Recognition Society.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

A fast parametric snake model with enhanced concave object extraction capability

Snakes are widely used in the fields of computer vision and image processing. There are a number of shortcomings of traditional or GVF snakes. They have either difficulty in concave object extraction, or high computational requirement. In this paper, we present a fast snake model with low computational requirement, and improved concave object extraction capability. © 2006 IEEE.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Portable health-care monitoring arrangement with motion compensation function and its compensation method

Inventor name used in this publication: 郑永平, Zheng YongpingInventor name used in this publication: 岑国荣, Cen GuorongInventor name used in this publication: 麦福达, Mai FudaTitle in Traditional Chinese: 可進行運動補償的便携式保健監測裝置及其補償方法ChinaVersion of Recor