The religion, myth and gods that have child-like looking in ancient Greek and Roman

Antik Yunan ve Roma'da Din, Mitos ve Çocuk Görünümlü Tanrılar isimli bu tez çalışmasında, söz konusu uygarlıklarda çocuk tanrı olarak kabul edilmiş ve çocuk görünümünde betimlenmiş dört tanrı işlenmiştir. Bu tanrılar arasında Eros, Triptolemos ve Harpokrates her zaman çocuk formunda tasvir edilmiş tanrılar olmakla beraber Dionysos sadece çocukluğu betimlenmiş yetişkin bir tanrıdır. Çalışmamızda öncelikli olarak mitosun anlamı, bir kavram olarak antik dönem ve günümüzde nasıl algılandığı ve neyi ifade ettiği irdelenmiştir. Devamında değişen toplumsal ve siyasal yapı içerisindeki yerini ve önemini gözlemleyebilmek için mitos kavramı, tarihsel süreç içerisinde incelenmiştir. Sonraki aşamada tez konumuz olan dört tanrı belli başlı mitosları çerçevesinde münferit olarak ele alınmıştır. Tezimizin asıl amacı çocuk görünümlü bir varlığa tanrısallık yüklenişinin nedenlerini bulmak olduğundan, çocuk tanrı inanışı kavramsal açıdan ele alınmış ve bunun arka planında nasıl bir düşünce biçiminin yattığı araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma esnasında çocuk görünümlü tanrılar arasında önemli müşterek düşünce ve inanç kalıplarının var olduğu belirlenmiştir. Konu üzerindeki değerlendirmelerimiz bütünüyle arkeolojik ve filolojik deliller ve antik kaynaklar ışığında olup tüm yorum ve saptamalar yine bu doğrultuda yapılmıştır.In this thesis named as The Religion, Myth and Gods That Have Child-Like Looking in Ancient Greek and Roman, we worked on four gods who are accepted as God childs and depicted in child appearance. While Eros, Triptelamos and Harpocrates are considered as god childs, Dionysos is an adult god who also has his childhood depictions. In this thesis, the meaning of myth, how it is perceived in Ancient era and today as a concept and what it means consist of the core of our study. So the concept of myth was studied from the historical point of view to observe its place and importance in the social and political situation. In the next step, these four gods were seperately examined with their main myths. The main aim of this thesis was to find out the reasons of worship a god child. That's why the belief of god child was studied in a conceptual aspect and the fundamental idea in the background was searched. During this research, among these gods, the existence of common idea and belief forms were determined. All of our evaluations as well as our comments and discoveries were made in the light of archeological and philological evidences and ancient resources

Mechanical transnasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy versus transcanalicular multidiode laser dacryocystorhinostomy: long-term results of a prospective study

The purpose of this study is to compare two dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) techniques in epiphora treatment. This study is a prospective randomized trial. Twenty-nine patients presenting persistent epiphora due to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) were included in the study. Two groups each consisting of 15 eyes were formed. Mechanical transnasal endoscopic DCR (MTE-DCR) was applied to the first group, while transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy with multidiode laser (TCML-DCR) techniques is employed in the second group. Follow-up is conducted in the first day, first week, and first month of the dacryocystorhinostomy which is followed by 4-month follow-up period, and results were compared using statistical methods. The main outcome measures were the elimination of epiphora and unrestricted flow of irrigated saline to the nose. Seven patients were male, 22 were female, and the mean age was 39.3 +/- 12.5 years. Mean follow-up times were 111.3 +/- 10.5 months and 93 +/- 2.9 months in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Complete resolution is achieved in group 1, whereas failures stemming from canalicular stenosis and fibrosis at osteotomy site are recorded in two cases in group 2. Occlusion occurred in the fifth month in both cases. Thus, long-term success rates were 100% in the first and 86.6% in the second group (P = 0.483). MTE-DCR is a strong substitute for external DCR. Although TCML-DCR shows promising results, it is far away from becoming the gold standard technique in epiphora treatment.WOS:0005344504000012-s2.0-85085320553PubMed: 3243590

The use of Osseointegration and Orbital Implants in the Management of Orbital Exenteration or Severe Contracted Sockets

Objectives: To evaluate the results of bony integrated implants used in the management of exenterated or contracted sockets. Materials and Methods: Ten eyes of 10 cases underwent bony integrated implants for the management of exenterated (7 eyes) or contracted (3 eyes) sockets. The procedure was performed in two steps in a two-month period. The first step included placement of screws by preparing the osteotomy site, whereas the second step included implantation of magnetic implants over these screws that will adhere to the orbital implant. The patients were retrospectively evaluated for age, gender, etiology, surgical timing, history of radiotherapy, and time of application of epithesis. The presence of infection at the surgical site, implant loss, functional or cosmetic problems at the perisurgical area, the usage of epithesis during the social life were evaluated. Results: There were 7 female and 3 male patients. The mean age was 34 (5-75) years. The indications for enucleation or exenteration were: retinoblastoma (4 cases), malignant melanoma (2 cases), basal cell carcinoma (1 case), squamous cell carcinoma (1 case), rhabdomyosarcoma (1 case) and sinoorbital mucormycosis (1 case). The epitheses were applied 3 to 156 months (mean 51 months) following the intervention. All of the implantations were performed successfully. During follow-up, one case had lost the implant and one case had local infection that responded to antibiotic treatment. Three cases were reoperated and the implants were replaced after a 2-year follow-up time due to the deterioration of the magnetic effect of the implants. Conclusion: Bony integrated orbital implants have an important role in solution of esthetic problems encountered in the exenterated orbit and severe contracted socket. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: 127-31

An Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Group Intervention for Syrian Refugees With Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

The number of refugees has increased significantly over the past few years. PTSD and depression are among the most common mental health problems among refugees. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an effective treatment for PTSD, is usually administered individually. The availability of mental health resources would be greatly enhanced when EMDR can be delivered to groups. The EMDR G-TEP is a group protocol based on Early EMDR intervention protocols. There is clinical evidence and one field study published on the effect of EMDR G-TEP and there is only one RCT published on the treatment of PTSD and depression in a refugee camp. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR G-TEP in treating post-trauma symptoms and depression and preventing the development of chronic PTSD among refugees living in a refugee camp. 47 adult participants with PTSD symptoms were randomly allocated to experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 29) groups. We measured Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at pre-, post- and 4-week follow-up. Analysis of the results showed that the EMDR G-TEP group had significantly lower PTSD and depression symptoms after intervention. The percentage of PTSD diagnosis decreased from 100 to 38.9% in the EMDR G-TEP group and was unchanged in the control group. Following the EMDR G-TEP intervention 61.1% of the experimental group no longer had a PTSD diagnosis; this decrease was maintained at 4 weeks follow-up. In the control group the percentage of people who no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD was 10.3% post-test and 6.9% at 4 weeks follow-up. A significant decrease in depression symptoms from pre-test levels was found in EMDR group but not in the control group follow up-test. This study indicated that EMDR G-TEP effectively reduced PTSD symptoms among refugees living in a camp, after two treatment sessions conducted over a period of 3 days. Further studies need to be performed using a larger number of participants, followed for a longer period of time and given more treatment sessions to strengthen our findings

Preliminary Report on the 2021 Fieldwork at Phoenix

Situé dans la partie sud-ouest de la péninsule de Bozburun (Marmaris), le site an- tique de Phoenix a fait l'objet d'une première campagne de prospection archéologique multidisciplinaire durant le mois de septembre 2021. Les travaux sur le terrain avaient pour objectif de mieux connaître l'espace urbain du site en général, ainsi que certaines structures en particulier, comme le temple d'Apollon transformé en église, l'acropole et les nécropoles parsemées de nombreuses terrasses. Parallèlement à nos recherches purement archéologiques, nous avons pu mettre en œuvre un programme d'éducation sur le patrimoine culturel et écologique pour les enfants vivant dans la région. Nous avons également lancé un programme pour documenter l'architecture rurale de la région et nous avons mené des entretiens d'histoire orale avec les personnes âgées du village de Taşlıca.Located in the southwestern part of the Bozburun Peninsula (Marmaris), the ancient site of Phoenix was the subject of a first multidisciplinary archaeological survey campaign in September 2021. The fieldwork aimed to better understand the town planning of the site in general, as well as certain structures in particular such as the temple of Apollo converted into a church, the acropolis, and the necropoleis dotted with numerous terraces. In addition to purely archaeological research, we also carried out a cultural and ecological heritage edu- cation program for children who live in the region. We also started a program to document the area’s rural architecture and conducted oral history interviews with the elderly people of Taşlıca village

An Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Group Intervention for Syrian Refugees With Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

The number of refugees has increased significantly over the past few years. PTSD and depression are among the most common mental health problems among refugees. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an effective treatment for PTSD, is usually administered individually. The availability of mental health resources would be greatly enhanced when EMDR can be delivered to groups. The EMDR G-TEP is a group protocol based on Early EMDR intervention protocols. There is clinical evidence and one field study published on the effect of EMDR G-TEP and there is only one RCT published on the treatment of PTSD and depression in a refugee camp. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of EMDR G-TEP in treating post-trauma symptoms and depression and preventing the development of chronic PTSD among refugees living in a refugee camp. 47 adult participants with PTSD symptoms were randomly allocated to experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 29) groups. We measured Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at pre-, post- and 4-week follow-up. Analysis of the results showed that the EMDR G-TEP group had significantly lower PTSD and depression symptoms after intervention. The percentage of PTSD diagnosis decreased from 100 to 38.9% in the EMDR G-TEP group and was unchanged in the control group. Following the EMDR G-TEP intervention 61.1% of the experimental group no longer had a PTSD diagnosis; this decrease was maintained at 4 weeks follow-up. In the control group the percentage of people who no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD was 10.3% post-test and 6.9% at 4 weeks follow-up. A significant decrease in depression symptoms from pre-test levels was found in EMDR group but not in the control group follow up-test. This study indicated that EMDR G-TEP effectively reduced PTSD symptoms among refugees living in a camp, after two treatment sessions conducted over a period of 3 days. Further studies need to be performed using a larger number of participants, followed for a longer period of time and given more treatment sessions to strengthen our findings