6,019 research outputs found
Evaluating human versus machine learning performance in classifying research abstracts
We study whether humans or machine learning (ML) classification models are better at classifying scientific research abstracts according to a fixed set of discipline groups. We recruit both undergraduate and postgraduate assistants for this task in separate stages, and compare their performance against the support vectors machine ML algorithm at classifying European Research Council Starting Grant project abstracts to their actual evaluation panels, which are organised by discipline groups. On average, ML is more accurate than human classifiers, across a variety of training and test datasets, and across evaluation panels. ML classifiers trained on different training sets are also more reliable than human classifiers, meaning that different ML classifiers are more consistent in assigning the same classifications to any given abstract, compared to different human classifiers. While the top five percentile of human classifiers can outperform ML in limited cases, selection and training of such classifiers is likely costly and difficult compared to training ML models. Our results suggest ML models are a cost effective and highly accurate method for addressing problems in comparative bibliometric analysis, such as harmonising the discipline classifications of research from different funding agencies or countries.National Research Foundation (NRF)Published versionThe study was partially funded by the Singapore National Research Foundation, Grant No. NRF2014-NRF-SRIE001-02
Bursty egocentric network evolution in Skype
In this study we analyze the dynamics of the contact list evolution of
millions of users of the Skype communication network. We find that egocentric
networks evolve heterogeneously in time as events of edge additions and
deletions of individuals are grouped in long bursty clusters, which are
separated by long inactive periods. We classify users by their link creation
dynamics and show that bursty peaks of contact additions are likely to appear
shortly after user account creation. We also study possible relations between
bursty contact addition activity and other user-initiated actions like free and
paid service adoption events. We show that bursts of contact additions are
associated with increases in activity and adoption - an observation that can
inform the design of targeted marketing tactics.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. Social Network Analysis and Mining (2013
ImageCLEF 2014: Overview and analysis of the results
This paper presents an overview of the ImageCLEF 2014 evaluation lab. Since its first edition in 2003, ImageCLEF has become one of the key initiatives promoting the benchmark evaluation of algorithms for the annotation and retrieval of images in various domains, such as public and personal images, to data acquired by mobile robot platforms and medical archives. Over the years, by providing new data collections and challenging tasks to the community of interest, the ImageCLEF lab has achieved an unique position in the image annotation and retrieval research landscape. The 2014 edition consists of four tasks: domain adaptation, scalable concept image annotation, liver CT image annotation and robot vision. This paper describes the tasks and the 2014 competition, giving a unifying perspective of the present activities of the lab while discussing future challenges and opportunities.This work has been partially supported by the tranScriptorium FP7 project under grant #600707 (M. V., R. P.).Caputo, B.; Müller, H.; Martinez-Gomez, J.; Villegas Santamaría, M.; Acar, B.; Patricia, N.; Marvasti, N.... (2014). ImageCLEF 2014: Overview and analysis of the results. En Information Access Evaluation. Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Interaction: 5th International Conference of the CLEF Initiative, CLEF 2014, Sheffield, UK, September 15-18, 2014. Proceedings. Springer Verlag (Germany). 192-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11382-1_18S192211Bosch, A., Zisserman, A.: Image classification using random forests and ferns. In: Proc. CVPR (2007)Caputo, B., Müller, H., Martinez-Gomez, J., Villegas, M., Acar, B., Patricia, N., Marvasti, N., Üsküdarlı, S., Paredes, R., Cazorla, M., Garcia-Varea, I., Morell, V.: ImageCLEF 2014: Overview and analysis of the results. In: Kanoulas, E., et al. (eds.) CLEF 2014. LNCS, vol. 8685, Springer, Heidelberg (2014)Caputo, B., Patricia, N.: Overview of the ImageCLEF 2014 Domain Adaptation Task. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes (2014)de Carvalho Gomes, R., Correia Ribas, L., Antnio de Castro Jr., A., Nunes Gonalves, W.: CPPP/UFMS at ImageCLEF 2014: Robot Vision Task. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes (2014)Del Frate, F., Pacifici, F., Schiavon, G., Solimini, C.: Use of neural networks for automatic classification from high-resolution images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45(4), 800–809 (2007)Feng, S.L., Manmatha, R., Lavrenko, V.: Multiple bernoulli relevance models for image and video annotation. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2004, vol. 2, p. II–1002. IEEE (2004)Friedl, M.A., Brodley, C.E.: Decision tree classification of land cover from remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment 61(3), 399–409 (1997)Goh, K.-S., Chang, E.Y., Li, B.: Using one-class and two-class svms for multiclass image annotation. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 17(10), 1333–1346 (2005)Gong, B., Shi, Y., Sha, F., Grauman, K.: Geodesic flow kernel for unsupervised domain adaptation. In: Proc. CVPR. Extended Version Considering its Additional MaterialJie, L., Tommasi, T., Caputo, B.: Multiclass transfer learning from unconstrained priors. In: Proc. ICCV (2011)Kim, S., Park, S., Kim, M.: Image classification into object / non-object classes. In: Enser, P.G.B., Kompatsiaris, Y., O’Connor, N.E., Smeaton, A.F., Smeulders, A.W.M. (eds.) CIVR 2004. LNCS, vol. 3115, pp. 393–400. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)Ko, B.C., Lee, J., Nam, J.Y.: Automatic medical image annotation and keyword-based image retrieval using relevance feedback. Journal of Digital Imaging 25(4), 454–465 (2012)Kökciyan, N., Türkay, R., Üsküdarlı, S., Yolum, P., Bakır, B., Acar, B.: Semantic Description of Liver CT Images: An Ontological Approach. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (2014)Lazebnik, S., Schmid, C., Ponce, J.: Beyond bags of features: Spatial pyramid matching for recognizing natural scene categories. In: 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 2169–2178. IEEE (2006)Martinez-Gomez, J., Garcia-Varea, I., Caputo, B.: Overview of the imageclef 2012 robot vision task. In: CLEF (Online Working Notes/Labs/Workshop) (2012)Martinez-Gomez, J., Garcia-Varea, I., Cazorla, M., Caputo, B.: Overview of the imageclef 2013 robot vision task. In: CLEF 2013 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes (2013)Martinez-Gomez, J., Cazorla, M., Garcia-Varea, I., Morell, V.: Overview of the ImageCLEF 2014 Robot Vision Task. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes (2014)Mueen, A., Zainuddin, R., Baba, M.S.: Automatic multilevel medical image annotation and retrieval. Journal of Digital Imaging 21(3), 290–295 (2008)Muller, H., Clough, P., Deselaers, T., Caputo, B.: ImageCLEF: experimental evaluation in visual information retrieval. Springer (2010)Park, S.B., Lee, J.W., Kim, S.K.: Content-based image classification using a neural network. Pattern Recognition Letters 25(3), 287–300 (2004)Patricia, N., Caputo, B.: Learning to learn, from transfer learning to domain adaptation: a unifying perspective. In: Proc. CVPR (2014)Pronobis, A., Caputo, B.: The robot vision task. In: Muller, H., Clough, P., Deselaers, T., Caputo, B. (eds.) ImageCLEF. The Information Retrieval Series, vol. 32, pp. 185–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Pronobis, A., Christensen, H., Caputo, B.: Overview of the imageclef@ icpr 2010 robot vision track. In: Recognizing Patterns in Signals, Speech, Images and Videos, pp. 171–179 (2010)Qi, X., Han, Y.: Incorporating multiple svms for automatic image annotation. Pattern Recognition 40(2), 728–741 (2007)Reshma, I.A., Ullah, M.Z., Aono, M.: KDEVIR at ImageCLEF 2014 Scalable Concept Image Annotation Task: Ontology based Automatic Image Annotation. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes. Sheffield, UK, September 15-18 (2014)Saenko, K., Kulis, B., Fritz, M., Darrell, T.: Adapting visual category models to new domains. In: Daniilidis, K., Maragos, P., Paragios, N. (eds.) ECCV 2010, Part IV. LNCS, vol. 6314, pp. 213–226. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)Sahbi, H.: CNRS - TELECOM ParisTech at ImageCLEF 2013 Scalable Concept Image Annotation Task: Winning Annotations with Context Dependent SVMs. In: CLEF 2013 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes, Valencia, Spain, September 23-26 (2013)Sethi, I.K., Coman, I.L., Stan, D.: Mining association rules between low-level image features and high-level concepts. In: Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, pp. 279–290. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2001)Shi, R., Feng, H., Chua, T.-S., Lee, C.-H.: An adaptive image content representation and segmentation approach to automatic image annotation. In: Enser, P.G.B., Kompatsiaris, Y., O’Connor, N.E., Smeaton, A.F., Smeulders, A.W.M. (eds.) CIVR 2004. LNCS, vol. 3115, pp. 545–554. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)Tommasi, T., Caputo, B.: Frustratingly easy nbnn domain adaptation. In: Proc. ICCV (2013)Tommasi, T., Quadrianto, N., Caputo, B., Lampert, C.H.: Beyond dataset bias: Multi-task unaligned shared knowledge transfer. In: Lee, K.M., Matsushita, Y., Rehg, J.M., Hu, Z. (eds.) ACCV 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7724, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Tsikrika, T., de Herrera, A.G.S., Müller, H.: Assessing the scholarly impact of imageCLEF. In: Forner, P., Gonzalo, J., Kekäläinen, J., Lalmas, M., de Rijke, M. (eds.) CLEF 2011. LNCS, vol. 6941, pp. 95–106. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)Ünay, D., Soldea, O., Akyüz, S., Çetin, M., Erçil, A.: Medical image retrieval and automatic annotation: Vpa-sabanci at imageclef 2009. In: The Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) (2009)Vailaya, A., Figueiredo, M.A., Jain, A.K., Zhang, H.J.: Image classification for content-based indexing. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 10(1), 117–130 (2001)Villegas, M., Paredes, R.: Overview of the ImageCLEF 2012 Scalable Web Image Annotation Task. In: Forner, P., Karlgren, J., Womser-Hacker, C. (eds.) CLEF 2012 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes, Rome, Italy, September 17-20 (2012), http://mvillegas.info/pub/Villegas12_CLEF_Annotation-Overview.pdfVillegas, M., Paredes, R.: Overview of the ImageCLEF 2014 Scalable Concept Image Annotation Task. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes, Sheffield, UK, September 15-18 (2014), http://mvillegas.info/pub/Villegas14_CLEF_Annotation-Overview.pdfVillegas, M., Paredes, R., Thomee, B.: Overview of the ImageCLEF 2013 Scalable Concept Image Annotation Subtask. In: CLEF 2013 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes, Valencia, Spain, September 23-26 (2013), http://mvillegas.info/pub/Villegas13_CLEF_Annotation-Overview.pdfVillena Román, J., González Cristóbal, J.C., Goñi Menoyo, J.M., Martínez Fernández, J.L.: MIRACLE’s naive approach to medical images annotation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 28(7), 1088–1099 (2005)Wong, R.C., Leung, C.H.: Automatic semantic annotation of real-world web images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 30(11), 1933–1944 (2008)Yang, C., Dong, M., Fotouhi, F.: Image content annotation using bayesian framework and complement components analysis. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2005, vol. 1, pp. I–1193. IEEE (2005)Yılmaz, K.Y., Cemgil, A.T., Simsekli, U.: Generalised coupled tensor factorisation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2151–2159 (2011)Zhang, Y., Qin, J., Chen, F., Hu, D.: NUDTs Participation in ImageCLEF Robot Vision Challenge 2014. In: CLEF 2014 Evaluation Labs and Workshop, Online Working Notes (2014
Interfacial structures of whey protein isolate (WPI) and lactoferrin on hydrophobic surfaces in a model system monitored by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and their formation on nanoemulsions
Large-Area, Highly Sensitive SERS Substrates with Silver Nanowire Thin Films Coated by Microliter-Scale Solution Process
A microliter-scale solution process was used to fabricate large-area, uniform films of silver nanowires (AgNWs). These thin films with cross-AgNWs were deposited onto Au substrates by dragging the meniscus of a microliter drop of a coating solution trapped between two plates. The hot spot density was tuned by controlling simple experimental parameters, which changed the optical properties of the resulting films. The cross-AgNW films on the Au surface served as excellent substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with substantial electromagnetic field enhancement and good reproducibility
SUSY GUT Model Building
I discuss an evolution of SUSY GUT model building, starting with the
construction of 4d GUTs, to orbifold GUTs and finally to orbifold GUTs within
the heterotic string. This evolution is an attempt to obtain realistic string
models, perhaps relevant for the LHC. This review is in memory of the sudden
loss of Julius Wess, a leader in the field, who will be sorely missed.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, lectures given at PiTP 2008, Institute for
Advanced Study, Princeton, to be published in the European Physical Journal
First study of \eta_c, \eta(1760) and X(1835) production via \eta'\pi^+\pi^- final states in two-photon collisions
The invariant mass spectrum of the \eta' \pi^+ \pi^- final state produced in
two-photon collisions is obtained using a 673 fb^{-1} data sample collected in
the vicinity of the \Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB
asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider. We observe a clear signal of the \eta_c and
measure its mass and width to be M(\eta_c)=(2982.7 +- 1.8(stat) +- 2.2(syst) +-
0.3(model)) MeV/c^2 and \Gamma(\eta_c) = (37.8^{+5.8}_{-5.3}(stat) +- 2.8(syst)
+- 1.4(model)) MeV/c^2. The third error is an uncertainty due to possible
interference between the \eta_c and a non-resonant component. We also report
the first evidence for \eta(1760) decay to \eta' \pi^+ \pi^-; we find two
solutions for its parameters, depending on the inclusion or not of the X(1835),
whose existence is of marginal significance in our data. From a fit to the mass
spectrum using coherent X(1835) and \eta(1760) resonant amplitudes, we set a
90% confidence level upper limit on the product \Gamma_{\gamma\gamma} \BR
(\eta' \pi^+ \pi^-) for the X(1835).Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PR
Efficacy of Two Triple Eradication Regimens in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Triple therapy with bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, metronidazole (BAM) or with omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (OAC) has been commonly used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. We compared the efficacy of these triple therapies in children with H. pylori infection. We retrospectively analyzed results in 233 children with H. pylori infection and treated with OAC (n=141) or BAM (n=92). Overall eradication rates of triple therapy with OAC and BAM were 74% and 85%, respectively, which showed no statistical difference. Our study showed that the triple therapy with BAM was more effective for the first-line eradication of H. pylori infection in Korean children, but has no statistical difference with OAC regimen
- …