Community nursing services for postdischarge chronically ill patients

Author name used in this publication: Susan K. Y. ChowAuthor name used in this publication: Frances K. Y. WongAuthor name used in this publication: Loretta Y. F. Chung2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Illegal Fishing and Fisheries Crime as a Transnational Organized Crime in Indonesia

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is increasingly drawing international attention and coastal states strengthen their efforts to address it as a matter of priority due to its severe implications for food, economic, environmental and social security. As the largest archipelagic country in the world, this is especially problematic for Indonesia. In this already complex geographical and security environment, the authors test the hypothesis that IUU fishing and fisheries crime(s) classify as transnational organized criminal activities. The article argues that IUU fishing is much more than simply a fisheries management issue, since it goes hand in hand with fisheries crime. As a result, although the two concepts are quite distinct, they are so closely interlinked and interrelated throughout the entire value chain of marine fisheries, that they can only be managed effectively collectively by understanding them both within the framework of transnational organized crime. To make this argument, the research utilizes qualitative and quantitative data collected from approximately two thousand trafficked fishers, rescued in 2015 from slavery conditions while stranded in two remote Indonesian locations: Benjina on Aru island and on Ambon island. The article’s findings also unveil new trends relating to the inner workings of the illegal fishing industry, in four different, yet interlinked categories: recruitment patterns and target groups; document forgery; forced labor and abuse; and fisheries violations. The paper concludes by confirming the hypothesis and highlights that IUU fishing provides the ideal (illegal) environment for fisheries crimes and other forms of transnational organized crimes to flourish

Involving Local Fishing Communities in Policy Making: Addressing Illegal Fishing in Indonesia

Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing has been identified by the UN as one of the seven major threats to global maritime security; it causes loss of economic revenue, severe environmental damage, and far-reaching livelihood implications for coastal communities. Indonesia, by far the biggest archipelagic state, faces enormous challenges in all aspects of IUU fishing and addressing those is one of the current Indonesian Government’s top priorities. This article addresses the under-researched dimension of how IUU fishing affects fishing communities. With the use of collage making focus groups with fishermen from different Indonesian fishing communities, the research highlights the interrelated environmental (depletion of resources), socio-economic (unbridled illegal activities at sea), cultural (favouritism) and political (weak marine governance) dimensions of IUU fishing as experienced at the local level. However, the research also indicates a strong will by fishermen to be seen as knowledge agents who can help solve the problem by better dissemination of information and cooperation between the local government(s) and the fishing communities. The article concludes by arguing for the involvement of local fishing communities in national and international policy making that addresses IUU fishing

The unsupported upper limb exercise test in people without disabilities: assessing the within-day test–retest reliability and the effects of age and gender

Purpose: To estimate the within-day test–retest reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) of the unsupported upper limb exercise test (UULEX) in adults without disabilities and to determine the effects of age and gender on performance of the UULEX. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adults without disabilities (44 men, mean age 44.2 [SD 26] y; 56 women, mean age 38.1 [SD 24.1] y). Participants performed three UULEX tests to establish within-day reliability, measured using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) model 2 (two-way random effects) with a single rater (ICC[2,1]) and SEM. The effects of age and gender were examined using two-factor mixed-design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. For analysis purposes, four sub-groups were created: younger adults, older adults, men, and women. Results: Excellent within-day reliability and a small SEM were found in the four sub-groups (younger adults: ICC[2,1]=0.88; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.92; SEM∼40 s; older adults: ICC[2,1]=0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.90; SEM∼50 s; men: ICC[2,1]=0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; SEM∼30 s; women: ICC[2,1]=0.85; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.91; SEM∼45 s). Younger adults took, on average, 308.24 seconds longer than older adults to perform the test; older adults performed significantly better on the third test (p0.05). Conclusion: The within-day test–retest reliability and SEM values of the UULEX may be used to define the magnitude of the error obtained with repeated measures. One UULEX test seems to be adequate for younger adults to achieve reliable results, whereas three tests seem to be needed for older adults.Objectif : évaluer la fiabilité d'un test-retest en une même journée et l'erreur type de mesure (ETM) du test d'exercice des membres supérieurs sans appui (UULEX) chez des adultes sans incapacités et déterminer les effets de l'âge et du sexe sur leur exécution. Méthodologie : les chercheurs ont réalisé une étude transversale auprès de 100 adultes sans incapacités (44 hommes, d'un âge moyen de 44,2 ans [ÉT 26], et 56 femmes, d'un âge moyen de 38,1 ans [ÉT 24,1]). Les participants ont effectué trois UULEX pour établir la fiabilité du test-retest en une même journée, mesurés à l'aide du modèle 2 de coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (ICC, effets aléatoires bilatéraux) comportant un ICC(2,1) et une ETM à un seul évaluateur. Les chercheurs ont examiné les effets de l'âge et du sexe à l'aide d'une analyse de variance bifactorielle à mesures mixtes et d'une analyse de variance unifactorielle à mesures répétées. Pour les besoins de l'analyse, les chercheurs ont créé quatre sous-groupes: jeunes adultes, adultes plus âgés, hommes et femmes. Résultats : les quatre sous-groupes affichaient une excellente fiabilité en une même journée et une petite ETM (jeunes adultes: ICC[2,1]=0,88 [IC 95% : 0,82, 0,92] et ETM∼40 secondes; adultes plus âgés : ICC[2,1]=0,82 [IC 95 % : 0,72, 0,90] et ETM∼50 secondes; hommes: ICC[2,1]=0,93 [IC 95% : 0,88, 0,96] et ETM∼30 secondes; femmes: ICC[2,1]=0,85 [IC 95 % : 0,78, 0,91] et ETM∼45 secondes). En moyenne, les jeunes adultes ont effectué le test pendant 308,24 secondes de plus que les adultes plus âgés; ceux-ci ont obtenu un résultat nettement meilleur au troisième test (p0,05). Conclusion : il est possible d'utiliser la fiabilité de test-retest en une même journée et les valeurs d'ETM de l'UULEX pour définir l'importance de l'erreur obtenue lors de mesures répétées. Un UULEX semble suffire pour que les jeunes adultes obtiennent des résultats fiables, tandis que trois tests semblent nécessaires chez les adultes plus âgés

Comment On The Proposed Precedence Of Homalopteridae Bleeker, 1859 Over Balitoridae Swainson, 1839 (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes)

Volume: 48Start Page: 148End Page: 15