154 research outputs found
Addressing obesity in the first 1000 days in high risk infants: Systematic review.
Early intervention is critical for addressing the challenge of childhood obesity. Yet many preventive interventions do not target infants most at risk of future overweight or obesity. This systematic review examines interventions delivered before 2 years that aim to ameliorate excess weight gain among infants at high risk of overweight or obesity, due to sociodemographic characteristics, parental weight or health status, infant feeding or health behaviours. We searched six databases for interventions: (a) delivered before age two, (b) specifically aimed at infants at high risk of childhood obesity and (c) that reported outcomes by weight status beyond 28âdays. The search identified over 27,000 titles, and 49 papers from 38 studies met inclusion criteria: 10 antenatal interventions, 16 postnatal and 12 conducted both before and after birth. Nearly all targeted infant and/or maternal nutrition. Studies varied widely in design, obesity risk factors, outcomes and quality. Overall, nine interventions of varying quality reported some evidence of significantly improved child weight trajectory, although effects tended to diminish over time. Interventions that improved weight outcomes tended to engage parents for a longer period, and most offered health professional input and support. Two studies of limited quality reported significantly worse weight outcomes in the intervention group
Economic evidence for nonpharmacological asthma management interventions: A systematic review
Asthma management, education and environmental interventions have been reported as costâeffective in a previous review (Pharm Pract (Granada), 2014;12:493), but methods used to estimate costs and outcomes were not discussed in detail. This review updates the previous review by providing economic evidence on the costâeffectiveness of studies identified after 2012, and a detailed assessment of the methods used in all identified studies. Twelve databases were searched from 1990 to January 2016, and studies included economic evaluations, asthma subjects and nonpharmacological interventions written in English. Sixtyâfour studies were included. Of these, 15 were found in addition to the earlier review; 53% were rated fair in quality and 47% high. Education and selfâmanagement interventions were the most costâeffective, in line with the earlier review. Selfâreporting was the most common method used to gather resourceâuse data, accompanied by bottomâup approaches to estimate costs. Main outcome measures were asthmaârelated hospitalizations (69%), quality of life (41%) and utility (38%), with AQLQ and the EQâ5D being the most common questionnaires measured prospectively at fixed time points. More rigorous costing methods are needed with a more common quality of life tool to aid greater replicability and comparability amongst asthma studies
Successful treatment for acute aortic dissection in pregnancy---bentall procedure concomitant with cesarean section
Acute aortic type A dissection is a life-threatening disease that requires immediate surgical intervention. When dissection occurs during pregnancy, it is of high risk for both the mother and the fetus. In this study, we reported two cases of acute aortic dissection in late pregnancy at 28 weeks and 32 weeks of gestation respectively. After the two patients underwent a cesarean section and delivered a baby, we performed composite graft replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta, with re-implantation of the coronary arteries into the graft (Bentall procedure) instead of repairing the arch with deep hypothermia and circulation arrest. Both mothers and children survived and recovered well
Adaptive Evolution of the Myo6 Gene in Old World Fruit Bats (Family: Pteropodidae)
PMCID: PMC3631194This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Bat conservation and zoonotic disease risk: a research agenda to prevent misguided persecution in the aftermath of COVID-19
Letter to the EditorCOVID-19 has spread around the globe, with massive
impacts on global human health, national economies and
conservation activities. In the timely editorial about conservation
in the maelstrom of COVID-19, Evans et al. (2020)
urged the conservation community to collaborate with other
relevant sectors of society in the search for solutions to the
challenges posed by the current pandemic, as well as future
zoonotic outbreaks. Considering the association of COVID 19 with bats (Zhou et al., 2020), bat conservationists will
undoubtedly be key actors in this dialogue, and thus an
action plan on how best to adjust bat conservation to this
new reality, alongside a transdisciplinary research agenda,
are clear prioritiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The influence of body weight on the pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in pre-pubertal children during moderate- and heavy intensity treadmill exercise
To assess the influence of obesity on the oxygen uptake (VËO2) kinetics of pre-pubertal children during moderate- and heavy intensity treadmill exercise. We hypothesised that obese (OB) children would demonstrate significantly slower VËO2 kinetics than their normal weight (NW) counterparts during moderate- and heavy intensity exercise. 18 OB (9.8 ± 0.5 years; 24.1 ± 2.0 kg m2) and 19 NW (9.7 ± 0.5 years; 17.6 ± 1.0 kg m2) children completed a graded-exercise test to volitional exhaustion and two submaximal constant work rate treadmill tests at moderate (90 % gas exchange threshold) and heavy (â40 %) exercise intensities. Bodyweight significantly influenced the VËO2 kinetics during both moderate- and heavy exercise intensities (P < 0.05). During moderate intensity exercise, the phase II Ï (OB: 30 ± 13 cf. NW: 22 ± 7 s), mean response time (MRT; OB: 35 ± 16 cf. NW: 25 ± 10 s), phase II gain (OB: 156 ± 21 cf. NW: 111 ± 18 mLO2 kgâ1 kmâ1) and oxygen deficit (OB: 0.36 ± 0.11 cf. NW: 0.20 ± 0.06 L) were significantly higher in the OB children (all P < 0.05). During heavy intensity exercise, the Ï (OB: 33 ± 9 cf. NW: 27 ± 6 s; P < 0.05) and phase II gain (OB: 212 ± 61 cf. NW: 163 ± 23 mLO2 kgâ1 kmâ1; P < 0.05) were similarly higher in the OB children. A slow component was observed in all participants during heavy intensity exercise, but was not influenced by weight status. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that weight status significantly influences the dynamic VËO2 response at the onset of treadmill exercise in children and highlights that the deleterious effects of being obese are already manifest pre-puberty
Social protection systems in vulnerable families: their importance for the public health
Which phenotypic traits of resistance should be improved in cattle to control paratuberculosis dynamics in a dairy herd: a modelling approach
The Effect of Carbon Credits on Savanna Land Management and Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation
Carbon finance offers the potential to change land management and conservation planning priorities. We develop a novel approach to planning for improved land management to conserve biodiversity while utilizing potential revenue from carbon biosequestration. We apply our approach in northern Australia's tropical savanna, a region of global significance for biodiversity and carbon storage, both of which are threatened by current fire and grazing regimes. Our approach aims to identify priority locations for protecting species and vegetation communities by retaining existing vegetation and managing fire and grazing regimes at a minimum cost. We explore the impact of accounting for potential carbon revenue (using a carbon price of US5 per hectare per year in carbon revenue and prevent the release of 1â2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent over approximately 90 years. This revenue could be used to reduce the costs of improved land management by three quarters or double the number of biodiversity targets achieved and meet carbon storage targets for the same cost. These results are based on generalised cost and carbon data; more comprehensive applications will rely on fine scale, site-specific data and a supportive policy environment. Our research illustrates that the duel objective of conserving biodiversity and reducing the release of greenhouse gases offers important opportunities for cost-effective land management investments
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