Axial chirality around N-P bonds induced by complexation between E(C6F5)3 (E = B, Al) and an N-phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolinylidene: A key intermediate in the catalytic phosphinoylation of CO2

Complexation-induced axial chirality around an N-P bond occurs upon the predominant coordination of the N-phosphinoyl group in the N-phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolinylidene (SPoxIm) to B(C6F5)3. (Ra) and (Sa) atropisomers of (κ-O-SPoxIm)B(C6F5)3 were observed independently in the single-crystal lattice and the optimized gas-phase structure. Experimental and theoretical studies confirmed that this axial chirality arises from the restricted rotation around the N-P bond, caused by the steric repulsion between the C5-H atoms of the imidazolinylidene ring and the C6F5 rings on the B(C6F5)3 unit. Conversely, this axial chirality was not certainly observed via the complexation between SPoxIm and Al(C6F5)3. The carbene carbon atoms in (κ-O-SPoxIm)E(C6F5)3 (E = B, Al) remain sufficiently nucleophilic to react with CO2, and the phosphinoylation of CO2 with SPoxIm proceeds far more rapidly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Al(C6F5)3 than in the absence of Al(C6F5)3Asada T., Hoshimoto Y., Kawakita T., et al. Axial chirality around N-P bonds induced by complexation between E(C6F5)3 (E = B, Al) and an N-phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolinylidene: A key intermediate in the catalytic phosphinoylation of CO2. Journal of Organic Chemistry 85, 14333 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b03210

The variation in transparency of amniotic membrane used in ocular surface regeneration

Background/aims: Scant consideration has been given to the variation in structure of the human amniotic membrane (AM) at source or to the significance such differences might have on its clinical transparency. Therefore, we applied our experience of quantifying corneal transparency to AM. Methods: Following elective caesarean, AM from areas of the fetal sac distal and proximal (ie, adjacent) to the placenta was compared with freeze-dried AM. The transmission of light through the AM samples was quantified spectrophotometrically; also, tissue thickness was measured by light microscopy and refractive index by refractometry. Results: Freeze-dried and freeze-thawed AM samples distal and proximal to the placenta differed significantly in thickness, percentage transmission of visible light and refractive index. The thinnest tissue (freeze-dried AM) had the highest transmission spectra. The thickest tissue (freeze-thawed AM proximal to the placenta) had the highest refractive index. Using the direct summation of fields method to predict transparency from an equivalent thickness of corneal tissue, AM was found to be up to 85% as transparent as human cornea. Conclusion: When preparing AM for ocular surface reconstruction within the visual field, consideration should be given to its original location from within the fetal sac and its method of preservation, as either can influence corneal transparency

The effects of interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness on empathy in youth

This research explores the relationship between understanding the emotions of others and feeling one’s own bodily states or interoceptive awareness. In Study 1, we developed the Japanese version of the Multi-dimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness for Youth as a measure of interoceptive awareness in Japanese youth and administered it to 374 junior and 812 high school students, respectively. Factor analysis identified seven factors, namely, regulation of attention to bodily sensations, control through attention to bodily sensations, somatic awareness of emotions, trust in the self-body, control of attention to physical discomfort, awareness of physical sensations, and tolerance to physical discomfort, with only the seventh factor exhibiting a slightly lower reliability. In Study 2, we used the questionnaire method to examine the relationship of empathy to interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness among Japanese high school students. The questionnaire included the Multi-dimensional Empathy Scale, which consists of four subscales （i.e., empathic concern, cognitive empathy, fantasy, and personal distress）, the Japanese version of the MAIA-Y, and the Adolescent/ Adult Sensory Profile, which consists of four subscales （i.e., low registration, sensation seeking, sensory sensitivity, and sensation avoidance）. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that sensation seeking and the interaction between bodily awareness of emotions and control of attention to physical discomfort significantly predicted empathic concern. This result suggests that students who tend to be curious about the outside world and be bodily sensitive to emotions and discomfort were more likely to be empathically concerned for the distress of others

Full One-Loop Radiative Corrections to the Asymmetry Parameter of Polarised Neutron Beta Decay

We present a calculation of full one-loop radiative corrections, including the constant term, to the asymmetry parameter of polarised neutron beta decay. This gives the radiative correction to the axial coupling constant $g_A$ extracted from the beta asymmetry so that it ties to $g_A$ that appears in neutron decay lifetime in a consistent renormalisation scheme. We find that the ratio of axial-vector to vector couplings determined from the beta asymmetry, after taking account of the outer radiative correction, is related to the bare value as $G_A/G_V=1.0012 G_A^0/G_V^0$.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

In vitro evaluation of a newly developed implantable artificial lung.

A prototype of an implantable artificial lung without a pump (Prototype II) has been tested. A commercially available membrane oxygenator, MENOX AL6000alpha R (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), was used as a basic model. The packing density of the hollow fiber was decreased in order to achieve low resistance through the blood pathway. The configuration of its housing was also re-designed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The first prototype, known as Prototype I, was already tested in a 15 kg pig, which showed excellent gas exchange with normal hemodynamics. A second prototype, Prototype II, has a larger membrane surface area than Prototype I. The device was evaluated for resistance through the blood path and gas transfer rate in an in vitro setting by the single pass method using fresh bovine blood. The resistance through the blood path of Prototype II was 2.7+- 0.7 mmHg/(L/min) at Q = 5L/min. The oxygen (O2) transfer rate was 178 +- 5.3 ml/min at Q = 5 L/min, V/Q = 3, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer rate was 149 +- 28 ml/min at Q = 5 L/min, V/Q = 2 (Q : blood flow rate, V : sweep oxygen flow rate through the artificial lung). For the purpose of implantation, this prototype showed sufficiently low resistance in the pulmonary circulation with reasonable gas exchange

ヒト大腸癌細胞におけるシクロオキシゲナーゼ1および-2過剰発現による増殖促進と上皮成長因子受容体の誘導

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1357号，学位授与年月日：平成11年3月31日,学位授与年：199

Radiative Corrections to Low-Energy Neutrino-Deuteron Reactions Revisited

The one-loop QED and electroweak radiative corrections to neutrino-deuteron scattering induced by the neutral current are reexamined, paying a particular attention to the constant term which has never been treated properly in literature. This problem is closely related to the definition of the axial-vector coupling constant $g_{A}$ and requires thorough calculations of the constant terms in the charged current processes, too. We find that the radiative corrections to the neutral current induced reactions amount to 1.7 (1.5) per cent enhancement, if the Higgs boson mass is $m_{H}=1.5 \: m_{Z} (m_{H}=5.0 \: m_{Z})$ This number happens to be close to that given by Kurylov et al., but we argue that this is accidental.Comment: Talk given at "Particles and Nuclei International Conference" (PANIC'05, at Santa Fe in U.S.A., October 2005), 3 pages, Added reference