A prototype of an implantable artificial lung without a pump (Prototype II) has been tested. A commercially available membrane oxygenator, MENOX AL6000alpha R (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), was used as a basic model. The packing density of the hollow fiber was decreased in order to achieve low resistance through the blood pathway. The configuration of its housing was also re-designed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The first prototype, known as Prototype I, was already tested in a 15 kg pig, which showed excellent gas exchange with normal hemodynamics. A second prototype, Prototype II, has a larger membrane surface area than Prototype I. The device was evaluated for resistance through the blood path and gas transfer rate in an in vitro setting by the single pass method using fresh bovine blood. The resistance through the blood path of Prototype II was 2.7+- 0.7 mmHg/(L/min) at Q = 5L/min. The oxygen (O2) transfer rate was 178 +- 5.3 ml/min at Q = 5 L/min, V/Q = 3, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer rate was 149 +- 28 ml/min at Q = 5 L/min, V/Q = 2 (Q : blood flow rate, V : sweep oxygen flow rate through the artificial lung). For the purpose of implantation, this prototype showed sufficiently low resistance in the pulmonary circulation with reasonable gas exchange
