3,583 research outputs found
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of high dose short duration enrofloxacin treatment regimen for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in dogs.
BackgroundUncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs usually are treated with antimicrobial drugs for 10-14 days. Shorter duration antimicrobial regimens have been evaluated in human patients.HypothesisA high dose short duration (HDSD) enrofloxacin protocol administered to dogs with uncomplicated UTI will not be inferior to a 14-day treatment regimen with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.AnimalsClient-owned adult, otherwise healthy dogs with aerobic bacterial urine culture yielding ≥ 10(3) CFU/mL of bacteria after cystocentesis.MethodsProspective, multicenter, controlled, randomized blinded clinical trial. Enrolled dogs were randomized to group 1 (enrofloxacin 18-20 mg/kg PO q24h for 3 days) or group 2 (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 13.75-25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days). Urine cultures were obtained at days 0, 10, and 21. Microbiologic and clinical cure rates were evaluated 7 days after antimicrobial treatment was discontinued. Lower urinary tract signs and adverse events also were recorded.ResultsThere were 35 dogs in group 1 and 33 in group 2. The microbiologic cure rate was 77.1 and 81.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The clinical cure rate was 88.6 and 87.9% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Cure rates between groups did not differ according to the selected margin of noninferiority.Conclusions and clinical importanceHDSD enrofloxacin treatment was not inferior to a conventional amoxicillin-clavulanic acid protocol for the treatment of uncomplicated bacterial UTI in dogs. Further research is warranted to determine if this protocol will positively impact owner compliance and decrease the emergence of antimicrobial resistance
The Urbanization of Nature underneath and beyond ‘the city':Reflections on the book Turning up the Heat: Urban Political Ecology for a climate emergency
In this article we outline the impact that the field of Urban Political Ecology has on academia and policy-making; and argue that this body of scholarship is in a unique position to address some of the urgent political questions around urbanization and climate change. We outline the key epistemologies, ontologies, and methodologies of Urban Political Ecology and explore to what extent these can address the systemic disaster we call climate change. Our key aim is to show that academic research can − and should − remain relevant to the politics of a heating planet.<br/
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Highly-efficient extraction of entangled photons from quantum dots using a broadband optical antenna
Many quantum photonic technologies require the efficient generation of entangled pairs of photons, but to date there have been few ways to produce them reliably. Sources based on parametric down conversion operate at very low efficiency per pulse due to the probabilistic generation process. Semiconductor quantum dots can emit single pairs of entangled photons deterministically but they fall short due to the extremely low-extraction efficiency. Strategies for extracting single photons from quantum dots, such as embedding them in narrowband optical cavities, are difficult to translate to entangled photons. Here, we build a broadband optical antenna with an extraction efficiency of 65% ± 4% and demonstrate a highly-efficient entangled-photon source by collecting strongly entangled photons (fidelity of 0.9) at a pair efficiency of 0.372 ± 0.002 per pulse. The high brightness achieved by our source represents a step forward in the development of optical quantum technologies
Two-dimensional solitons at interfaces between binary superlattices and homogeneous lattices
We report on the experimental observation of two-dimensional surface solitons
residing at the interface between a homogeneous square lattice and a
superlattice that consists of alternating "deep" and "shallow" waveguides. By
exciting single waveguides in the first row of the superlattice, we show that
solitons centered on deep sites require much lower powers than their respective
counterparts centered on shallow sites. Despite the fact that the average
refractive index of the superlattice waveguides is equal to the refractive
index of the homogeneous lattice, the interface results in clearly asymmetric
output patterns.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Trapping cold atoms using surface-grown carbon nanotubes
We present a feasibility study for loading cold atomic clouds into magnetic
traps created by single-wall carbon nanotubes grown directly onto dielectric
surfaces. We show that atoms may be captured for experimentally sustainable
nanotube currents, generating trapped clouds whose densities and lifetimes are
sufficient to enable detection by simple imaging methods. This opens the way
for a novel type of conductor to be used in atomchips, enabling atom trapping
at sub-micron distances, with implications for both fundamental studies and for
technological applications
Spanning Properties of Theta-Theta Graphs
We study the spanning properties of Theta-Theta graphs. Similar in spirit
with the Yao-Yao graphs, Theta-Theta graphs partition the space around each
vertex into a set of k cones, for some fixed integer k > 1, and select at most
one edge per cone. The difference is in the way edges are selected. Yao-Yao
graphs select an edge of minimum length, whereas Theta-Theta graphs select an
edge of minimum orthogonal projection onto the cone bisector. It has been
established that the Yao-Yao graphs with parameter k = 6k' have spanning ratio
11.67, for k' >= 6. In this paper we establish a first spanning ratio of
for Theta-Theta graphs, for the same values of . We also extend the class of
Theta-Theta spanners with parameter 6k', and establish a spanning ratio of
for k' >= 5. We surmise that these stronger results are mainly due to a
tighter analysis in this paper, rather than Theta-Theta being superior to
Yao-Yao as a spanner. We also show that the spanning ratio of Theta-Theta
graphs decreases to 4.64 as k' increases to 8. These are the first results on
the spanning properties of Theta-Theta graphs.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
The neutrino signal at HALO: learning about the primary supernova neutrino fluxes and neutrino properties
Core-collapse supernova neutrinos undergo a variety of phenomena when they
travel from the high neutrino density region and large matter densities to the
Earth. We perform analytical calculations of the supernova neutrino fluxes
including collective effects due to the neutrino-neutrino interactions, the
Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect due to the neutrino interactions with
the background matter and decoherence of the wave packets as they propagate in
space. We predict the numbers of one- and two-neutron charged and
neutral-current electron-neutrino scattering on lead events. We show that, due
to the energy thresholds, the ratios of one- to two-neutron events are
sensitive to the pinching parameters of neutrino fluxes at the neutrinosphere,
almost independently of the presently unknown neutrino properties. Besides,
such events have an interesting sensitivity to the spectral split features that
depend upon the presence/absence of energy equipartition among neutrino
flavors. Our calculations show that a lead-based observatory like the Helium
And Lead Observatory (HALO) has the potential to pin down important
characteristics of the neutrino fluxes at the neutrinosphere, and provide us
with information on the neutrino transport in the supernova core.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, minor correction
Impact of eV-mass sterile neutrinos on neutrino-driven supernova outflows
Motivated by recent hints for sterile neutrinos from the reactor anomaly, we
study active-sterile conversions in a three-flavor scenario (2 active + 1
sterile families) for three different representative times during the
neutrino-cooling evolution of the proto-neutron star born in an
electron-capture supernova. In our "early model" (0.5 s post bounce), the
nu_e-nu_s MSW effect driven by Delta m^2=2.35 eV^2 is dominated by ordinary
matter and leads to a complete nu_e-nu_s swap with little or no trace of
collective flavor oscillations. In our "intermediate" (2.9 s p.b.) and "late
models" (6.5 s p.b.), neutrinos themselves significantly modify the nu_e-nu_s
matter effect, and, in particular in the late model, nu-nu refraction strongly
reduces the matter effect, largely suppressing the overall nu_e-nu_s MSW
conversion. This phenomenon has not been reported in previous studies of
active-sterile supernova neutrino oscillations. We always include the feedback
effect on the electron fraction Y_e due to neutrino oscillations. In all
examples, Y_e is reduced and therefore the presence of sterile neutrinos can
affect the conditions for heavy-element formation in the supernova ejecta, even
if probably not enabling the r-process in the investigated outflows of an
electron-capture supernova. The impact of neutrino-neutrino refraction is
strong but complicated, leaving open the possibility that with a more complete
treatment, or for other supernova models, active-sterile neutrino oscillations
could generate conditions suitable for the r-process.Comment: 23 pages, including 14 figures and 2 tables (minor changes in the
text). Matches published version in JCA
Anharmonic vs. relaxational sound damping in glasses: II. Vitreous silica
The temperature dependence of the frequency dispersion in the sound velocity
and damping of vitreous silica is reanalyzed. Thermally activated relaxation
accounts for the sound attenuation observed above 10 K at sonic and ultrasonic
frequencies. Its extrapolation to the hypersonic regime reveals that the
anharmonic coupling to the thermal bath becomes important in
Brillouin-scattering measurements. At 35 GHz and room temperature, the damping
due to this anharmonicity is found to be nearly twice that produced by
thermally activated relaxation. The analysis also reveals a sizeable velocity
increase with temperature which is not related with sound dispersion. This
suggests that silica experiences a gradual structural change that already
starts well below room temperature.Comment: 13 pages with 8 figure
Supernova neutrino oscillations: what do we understand?
We summarize our current understanding of the neutrino flavor conversions
inside a core collapse supernova, clarifying the important role played by the
"collective effects" in determining flavor conversion probabilities. The
potentially observable and spectra may help us identify
the neutrino mixing scenario, distinguish between primary flux models, and
learn more about the supernova explosion.Comment: 6 pages, 1 eps figure, jpconf.cls used. Talk given at TAUP 2009,
Rome, July 200
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