Hubungan antara sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) di industri pembuatan

Pengurusan aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan merupakan satu isu penting dan ianya berkait rapat dengan keselamatan dan kesihatan masyarakat serta kepada individu yang berada di persekitaran tempat kerja. Aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan kurang dipandang serius oleh pekerja dan organisasi. Ketidakprihatinan terhadap aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan boleh memberi kesan kepada pekerja dan organisasi serta pihak luar terlibat dengan aktiviti organisasi tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungan antara sistem kerja ergonomik dengan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam sektor pembuatan. Seratus empat responden dari beberapa organisasi dalam sektor pembuatan di sekitar daerah Alor Setar dan daerah Kubang Pasu telah dianalisis melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan. Tiga dimensi yang terlibat sebagai pembolehubah bebas untuk mengukur sistem kerja ergonomik merujuk kepada faktor tugas, faktor persekitaran, dan faktor organisasi, sementara prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan sebagai pembolehubah bersandar diukur melalui sakit, tekanan pekerjaan, dan kemalangan pekerjaan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan masih banyak ruang yang perlu diperbaiki oleh organisasi dan pekerja untuk meningkatkan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan. Didapati juga kebanyakan organisasi tidak mengadakan latihan keselamatan dengan kerap dan berkala sehingga boleh mendedahkan kepada tahap bahaya kepada pekerja. Oleh itu, pihak pengurusan yang terlibat secara aktif dalam membangunkan kesedaran dan kepentingan aspek keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan mampu menjamin keseinambungan organisasi dengan lebih baik dan berkualiti

Hemoptysis and Hematemesis Due to a Broncholith: Granulomatous Mediastinitis

A 40-year-old man had new onset of hemoptysis and hematemesis. Bronchoscopy revealed red, inflamed mucosa with apparent rich blood supply in the left primary bronchus. Computed tomography revealed calcified subcarinal lymph nodes with a small extension into the left primary bronchus. Shortly after admission, the patient had an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a lesion in the posterior wall of the esophagus, 12 cm from the upper incisors. During exploratory thoracotomy, a single piece of irregular-shaped tan tissue measuring 3.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 cm and engulfing the esophagus, carina, and left primary bronchus was dissected. A single stonelike mass, or broncholith, was found to involve both the trachea and the esophagus. Microscopic examination showed multiple caseating granulomas with surrounding lymphoid tissue and germinal centers. During 12 months of follow-up, the patient has remained asymptomatic. The chronic inflammation in this case suggested granulomatons mediastinitis, a rare disease whose mass-like effects may contribute to structural compression. The trachea and esophagus are rarely involved. Tuberculosis anti histoplasmosis are thought to be the two most common causes of granulomatous mediastinitis. Chronic inflammation leading to calcification and broncholith may invade bronchial lumen or esophageal wall, causing life-threatening hemorrhage and necessitating prompt surgical intervention

KAJIAN REVIEW ARTIKEL : PERAN E-COMMERCE DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN

The role of e-commerce is very important in today's marketing communication media because it can be used to increase sales. The development of increasingly sophisticated technology makes daily activities easier. By using only mobile phones and computers, one can access things quickly, practically, and easily. Current technological developments certainly have a positive impact, especially for business people. The method used in this study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to identify, evaluate, and interpret relevant research results. After going through the search results of 11 previous journals and literature, it can be concluded that the role of e-commerce in sales is very influential, because e-commerce makes it a marketing communication medium and the role of e-commerce as a data carrier for communication strategies in the marketing area is an effective factor. Then, the role of e-commerce as a brand awareness strategy in the marketing area becomes an effective factor. So that the marketing reach is wider, it can be done by creating advertising content according to trends on social media that are frequently visited by consumers. E-commerce also makes social media a target for good communication strategies to consumers and has a strong influence on accessing and encouraging consumers to make purchases

Sustainable Poverty Alleviation From Coastal Ecosystem Services: Household Survey in Kenya and Mozambique, 2013-2017

The objective of this research was to elicit data required for a quantitative assessment of the contribution of ecosystem services to wellbeing of the poor through a large standardized household survey administered to individuals.The survey was conducted in Kenya and Mozambique. The household survey aimed to sample a total of 1,200 household (600 household per country) and interview up to three people per household. The three respondents included the household head, spouse and a third randomly selected person in order to collect data on individual (i.e.) sub household access to ES.This project aims to better understand the links between ecosystem services (ES) and wellbeing in order to design and implement more effective interventions for poverty alleviation. We do this in the context of coastal, social-ecological systems in two poor African countries; Kenya and Mozambique. Despite recent policy and scientific interest in ES, there remain important knowledge gaps regarding how ecosystems actually contribute to wellbeing, and thus poverty alleviation. Following the ESPA framework, distinguishing ecological processes, 'final ES', 'capital inputs', 'goods' and 'values', this project is concerned with how these elements are interrelated to produce ES benefits, and focuses specifically on how these benefits are distributed to (potentially) benefit the poor, enhancing their wellbeing. We thus address the ESPA goal of understanding and promoting ways in which benefits to the poorest can be increased and more people can meet their basic needs, but we also identify conflicted tradeoffs, i.e. those which result in serious harm to either the ecosystem or poor people and which need urgent attention. Several fundamental questions are currently debated in international scientific and policy fora, relating to four major global trends which are likely to affect abilities of poor people to access ES benefits: (1) devolution of governance power and its impacts on local governance of ecosystems and production of ES, (2) unprecedented rates and scales of environmental change, particularly climate change, which are creating new vulnerabilities, opportunities and constraints, 'shifting baselines', and demanding radical changes in behaviour to cope, (3) market integration now reaches the most remote corners of the developing world, changing relationships between people and resources and motivations for natural resource management, (4) societal changes, including demographic, population, urbanisation and globalisation of culture, forge new relationships with ES and further decouple people from direct dependency on particular resources. Study sites have been chosen so as to gather empirical evidence to help answer key questions about how these four drivers of change affect abilities of poor people to benefit from ES. We aim for direct impact on the wellbeing of poor inhabitants of the rapidly transforming coastal areas in Mozambique and Kenya, where research will take place, while also providing indirect impact to coastal poor in other developing countries through our international impact strategy. Benefits from research findings will also accrue to multiple stakeholders at various levels. Local government, NGOs and civil society groups - through engagement with project activities, e.g. participation in workshops and exposure to new types of analysis and systems thinking. Donor organizations and development agencies - through research providing evidence to inform strategies to support sector development (e.g. fisheries, coastal planning and tourism development) and methods to understand and evaluate impacts of different development interventions - e.g. through tradeoff analysis and evaluation of the elasticities between ecosystem services and wellbeing. International scientific community - through dissemination of findings via conferences, scientific publications (open access), and from conceptual and theoretical development and new understandings of the multiple linkages between ecosystem services and wellbeing. Regional African scientists will benefit specifically through open courses offered within the scope of the project, and through dissemination of results at regional venues. Our strategies to deliver impact and benefits include (1) identifying 'windows of opportunity' within the context of ongoing coastal development processes to improve flows of benefits from ecosystems services to poor people, and (2) identifying and seeking to actively mitigate 'conflicted' tradeoffs in Kenya and Mozambique.</p