Four Transducer Ultrasonic Array for Detecting and Sizing Defects in Plate and Pipe Materials

Ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques are widely used for detection and sizing of defects. However, studies over recent years have shown that the detection and sizing capability of many of the widely accepted ultrasonic techniques do not provide accuracy required to assure safety, reliability or maintainability. While certain types and orientations of defects can be detected, others may go undetected. Even after detection, studies have shown that the ability to size defects is far from accurate. [1,2,3

Targeting uracil-DNA glycosylases for therapeutic outcomes using insights from virus evolution

Ung-type uracil-DNA glycosylases are frontline defenders of DNA sequence fidelity in bacteria, plants, and animals; Ungs also directly assist both innate and humoral immunity. Critically important in viral pathogenesis, whether acting for or against viral DNA persistence, Ungs also have therapeutic relevance to cancer, microbial, and parasitic diseases. Ung catalytic specificity is uniquely conserved, yet selective antiviral drugging of the Ung catalytic pocket is tractable. However, more promising precision therapy approaches present themselves via insights from viral strategies, including sequestration or adaptation of Ung for non-canonical roles. A universal Ung inhibition mechanism, converged upon by unrelated viruses, could also inform design of compounds to inhibit specific distinct Ungs. Extrapolating current developments, the character of such novel chemical entities is proposed

Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale

African society is particularly vulnerable to climate change. The representation of convection in climate models has so far restricted our ability to accurately simulate African weather extremes, limiting climate change predictions. Here we show results from climate change experiments with a convection-permitting (4.5 km grid-spacing) model, for the first time over an Africa-wide domain (CP4A). The model realistically captures hourly rainfall characteristics, unlike coarser resolution models. CP4A shows greater future increases in extreme 3-hourly precipitation compared to a convection-parameterised 25 km model (R25). CP4A also shows future increases in dry spell length during the wet season over western and central Africa, weaker or not apparent in R25. These differences relate to the more realistic representation of convection in CP4A, and its response to increasing atmospheric moisture and stability. We conclude that, with the more accurate representation of convection, projected changes in both wet and dry extremes over Africa may be more severe

Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements for Improving Dispersion Models.

Dispersion of pollutants in the urban atmosphere is a subject that is presently under much investigation. In this paper the variables used in turbulent dispersion and plume rise schemes of the Met Office Nuclear Accident Model (NAME) are discussed. Those parameters that can be measured by Doppler lidar are emphasized. Information derived from simultaneous measurements from two Doppler lidars are presented, using methodologies not tried previously, with the aim of improving the forecasting of urban pollution dispersion. The results demonstrate how Doppler lidars can be used as measuring tools for the specific parameters needed within urban dispersion models. A procedure used for carrying out the dual-lidar measurements is outlined. This research shows how dual-lidar measurements can be used to calculate the relevant dispersion parameters, and compares the dual-lidar measurements with model calculations in a case study. Differences between model parameters and lidar observations are discussed. Dual-Doppler lidar data are extremely useful for measuring turbulence profiles within the part of the atmospheric boundary layer that is inaccessible using traditional methods

Complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics

ObjectiveTo identify, survey and review randomized controlled studies of the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for obstetric treatment or health promotion.MethodsThe MEDLINE database was searched to identify randomized controlled trials of CAM treatment and therapies in obstetrics. Studies examining modalities for treatment or improvement of health status were reviewed.ResultsFifty‐four articles assessing a variety of health modalities met the criteria for inclusion. Acupressure and ginger for prenatal nausea and vomiting, moxibustion for version of breech presentation, sterile water injections for back pain relief in labor, and perineal massage to prevent perineal trauma have three or more studies demonstrating beneficial effect. Other interventions have been studied less, and evidence for them is limited.ConclusionsSome CAM interventions have evidence of effectiveness for use in obstetric patients, while others require further investigation before they can be considered for use in practice.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135608/1/ijgo116.pd