Regulatory T Cells CD4+ CD25+ Expression in Biliary Atresia Mice Model after Exposure with Rhesus Rotavirus (RRV)

Billiary atresia (BA) is still a major challenge for clinicians, as without surgical intervention, more than 80% of patients will develop liver cirrhosis, or die within 2 years of life. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but a theory of primary perinatal hepatobiliary viral infection followed by auto- immune-mediated bile duct injury had been hypothesized. The objective of this study is to determine the change of regulatory T cells and inflammatory reaction in liver after rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection in BA mice model. Two groups of newborn mice, those were RRV group consisting of 24 newborn mice injected by RRV 1.5 x 106 PFU intraperitoneally less than 24 hours after birth, and control group comprising of 24 newborn mice injected with buffered saline were used as BA model. The expression of Tregs and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver of the two groups of newborn mice were studied on day 3, 7, 14, and 21 after birth. The results shows that tregs expressions of RRV group on day 3, 7, 14 and 21 were significantly higher than control group (p<0.05). There were also significant increases of Tregs expressions on day by day, both in RRV group (p<0.001), as well as in control groups (p=0.002). The excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells and narrowing of bile duct lumens were detected on day 14. As a conclusion we can say that the Induction of Rotavirus (RRV) in newborn mice model BA increases the expressions of Tregs, and may cause damage of bile ducts within two weeks of life

Antiviral activity of Saussurea lappa ethanol extract against SARS-Cov-2: In vitro study

Objective: The study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of S. lappa against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. Methods: The extracts are obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with a 96% ethanol solvent. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane: ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol) as mobile phases. The staining outcome is subsequently examined using UV visualizers with a wavelength of 366 nm. To assess the antiviral activity of Vero E6 cells, extracts were employed at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml, with remdesivir serving as the positive control. Supernatants were collected on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 for qRT-PCR testing with target genes E and ORF1ab. Time-addition experiments were conducted to determine how the extract works as antiviral. Protein expression was tested with Western blots with antibodies S and N SARS-CoV-2. Results: TLC identifies terpenoid chemicals present in the ethanol extract of S. lappa. The ethanol extract of S. lappa exhibited antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 40 µg/ml, a cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) of 131.4 µg/ml, and a selectivity index of 3.51. The extract can potentially impact the entry-post-entry phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells. The immunoblotting results demonstrated a reduction in the expression of S and N proteins in the treatment group compared to the negative control. Conclusion: S. lappa ethanol extract has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 based on an in vitro study

Physalis angulata Leaf Ethanol Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Endothelial Progenitor Cells in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) leaf ethanol extract on L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. We randomly divided twenty-five Wistar rats into five groups. The sham group was given a PBS injection. The hypertensive group was injected with L-NAME on days 1 to 28. Three groups of hypertensive rats were given the extract on days 4 to 28. Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method on days 0, 4, 10, and 27. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the blood were measured by flow cytometry as a percentage of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45+) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs, CD34+/CD309+/CD45-). Serum NO and MDA levels, as well as serum SOD activity, were measured colorimetrically. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by the ELISA method. The ciplukan leaf extract reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduced the percentage of EPCs in the blood, increased serum NO levels, reduced MDA levels, increased serum SOD activity, and reduced serum TNF-α levels in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. It is concluded that ciplukan ethanol leaf extract exerts protective effects on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. These study results can strengthen the scientific basis of using ciplukan leaf ethanol extract to treat hypertension

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST SARS-COV-2: IN VITRO STUDY

Objective: The study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of S. lappa against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. Methods: The extracts are obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with a 96% ethanol solvent. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane: ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol) as mobile phases. The staining outcome is subsequently examined using UV visualizers with a wavelength of 366 nm. To assess the antiviral activity of Vero E6 cells, extracts were employed at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml, with remdesivir serving as the positive control. Supernatants were collected on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 for qRT-PCR testing with target genes E and ORF1ab. Time-addition experiments were conducted to determine how the extract works as antiviral. Protein expression was tested with Western blots with antibodies S and N SARS-CoV-2. Results: TLC identifies terpenoid chemicals present in the ethanol extract of S. lappa. The ethanol extract of S. lappa exhibited antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 40 µg/ml, a cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) of 131.4 µg/ml, and a selectivity index of 3.51. The extract can potentially impact the entry-post-entry phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells. The immunoblotting results demonstrated a reduction in the expression of S and N proteins in the treatment group compared to the negative control. Conclusion: S. lappa ethanol extract has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 based on an in vitro study