Control of fruit flies pest on guava fruit by using organic insecticide

Guava fruit (Psidium guajava) is a mainstay commodity in Bogor and Bogor district is a supplier of guava into surrounding towns. In Bogor, population of guava fruit is around 160,000 trees that reaches an area of about 800 ha and scattered in several places, including in the Village of Kencana, Sukadamai, Mekarwangi and Sukaresmi that reaches an area of about 80 ha with a population of about sixteen thousand trees. Production during the harvest reaches 15 tones per ha at each harvest, and the harvest can be done every three days. Nevertheless, one of the obstacles limiting factor in the production is a matter of losing the results, both quantitatively by falling fruit, as well as qualitatively by rotten fruit caused by infestation of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) with a strike rate that can reach about 75 %. So far, control measure that has been done is by synthetic insecticide spraying, wrapping fruits, fencing garden with nets nearly as high as 3 meters to deter pest fruit flies not to attack guava fruit. Such control measures is relatively expensive, also cause problems with insecticide residues in fruits and environments that adversely affect human health and the environment. A technique control that is considered environmentally friendly is to use an organic insecticide made from plants, such as basil plant (Ocimum spp) and Tea tree (Melaleuca bracteata). Essential oil obtained from distillation of basil and tea tree leaves contain methyl eugenol (C12H24O2) which is acting as attractant for fruit flies. Fruit flies will try to consume methyl eugenol before matting. Methyl eugenol consumed is as a compound to result sex pheromone in fruit flies body to attract their couple, therefore fruit flies will try to reach methyl eugenol as far as 100 m to 1,000 m. By locating methyl eugenol in the trap, then fruit flies will be trapped. This technique is considered as environmentally friendly technique, hence can be applied in organic farming practice. The use of organic insecticides derived from the distillation of basil (Ocimum spp) and tea tree (Melaleuca bracteata) leaves containing methyl eugenol (C12H24O2) is very effective to control fruit flies in guava orchard, so that it is able to decrease pest attack and consequently increase farmers income. Since organic insecticide is considered environmentally friendly, therefore it can be applied in organic farming practice

POTENSI ADAS (Foeniculum vulgare) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF LOTION ANTI NYAMUK DEMAM BERDARAH(Aedes aegypti)

Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2007-2008 di Laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aro-matik. Penelitian disusun dengan rancang-an acak lengkap, terdiri dari 5 taraf per-lakuan konsentrasi minyak adas (0; 1,25; 2,5; 5; dan 10%), dan diulang sebanyak sepuluh kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terha-dap uji organoleptik, yaitu meliputi homo-genitas formula, warna, aroma, uji iritasi, pH, viskositas, serta uji daya proteksi. Pengujian dilakukan selama enam jam, sedangkan pengolesan lotion hanya dila-kukan satu kali, pada saat awal pengujian untuk melihat daya tahan lotion. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formula lotion anti nyamuk bercampur secara homogen yang dilihat pada bulan pertama hingga bulan ketiga. Lotion berwarna agak kekuningan, sebagai akibat dari warna minyak atsiri adas yang berwarna kekuningan. Aroma formula berbau khas seperti minyak telon dengan aroma yang stabil sampai penga-matan bulan ke tiga. Lotion tidak menye-babkan iritasi atau ketidak-nyamanan pada pengguna selama pemakaian enam jam. pH formula lotion hampir merata yaitu sekitar 8,6 lebih, dimana pH ideal sebagai lotion adalah mendekati netral (7). Oleh karena itu perlu pengurangan kadar tri-etanolamin pada formula untuk menu-runkan pH. Terdapat korelasi positif antara konsentrasi minyak atsiri adas dengan viskositas formula, yaitu semakin tinggi kandungan minyak atsiri adas, semakin tinggi viskositasnya. Minyak atsiri adas bersifat repellent (menolak) nyamuk A. aegypti, namun demikian pada konsen-trasi 1,25 dan 2,5% hanya menampakkan efektifitasnya pada jam pertama pengu-jian. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 5 dan 10%, efektifitasnya dapat bertahan sela-ma dua jam dengan menunjukkan daya proteksi di atas 50%, setelah itu daya proteksi mulai menurun.

POTENSI SELASIH SEBAGAI REPELLENT TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti

ABSTRAKPenyakit demam berdarah yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedesaegypti merupakan penyakit yang hampir selalu terjadi setiap tahunnya dibeberapa daerah di Indonesia. Salah satu cara untuk menghindarinyaadalah dengan penggunaan lotion anti nyamuk yang pada umumnyaberbahan aktif bahan kimia sintetis. Perlu dicari bahan alami yang lebihaman dalam menghindari gigitan nyamuk, salah satunya adalah denganpenggunaan selasih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dayaproteksi selasih (Ocimum gratisimum dan Ocimum bassilicum) terhadapserangan nyamuk Aedes aegypti (vektor penyakit demam berdarahdengue). Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Entomologi, FakultasKedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada tahun 2006. Selasihdiuji dalam bentuk minyak atsiri yang diencerkan dengan parafin cair padakonsentrasi 20%; 10%; 5% dan 2,5%. Nyamuk betina hasil perbanyakan dilaboratorium merupakan serangga uji yang disimpan di dalam kurunganuji. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan lengan secarabergantian antara yang diberi perlakuan dan kontrol (tidak diberiperlakuan) ke dalam kurungan nyamuk dan dihitung jumlah nyamuk yanghinggap setiap jam, selama enam jam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selasihberpotensi sebagai pengusir (repellent) nyamuk dengan daya proteksitertinggi sebesar 79,7% selama satu jam dan rata-rata 57,6% selama enamjam. O. gratisimum lebih baik dua kali lipat daya proteksinya daripada O.bassilicum, hal ini terjadi karena diduga bahan aktifnya lebih beragam,yaitu selain mengandung eugenol 37,35%, juga thymol (9,67%) dancyneol (21,14%) dibandingkan dengan O. bassilicum yang hanya mengan-dung eugenol sebanyak 46%.Kata kunci : Selasih, Ocimum gratisimum, Ocimum bassilicum., Aedesaegypti, daya proteksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTPotency of Ocimum spp. as repellent to Aedes aegyptimosquitoThe objective of the research is to evaluate the protection ability ofOcimum spp. (gratisimum and bassilicum) against Aedes aegypti mosquito(vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Ocimum was evaluated in theform of essential oil diluted with liquid paraffin at concentrations of 20%;10%; 5% and 2,5%. Female mosquitos reared in the laboratory wereplaced in the cages. Alternately, treated and untreated hand (control) wereinserted into the cage containing mosquitos. The number of mosquitosperched on the hand were counted every hour, lasting for six hours. Resultshowed that Ocimum was prospecting to be developed as a mosquitorepellent, although its repellency was still under the repellency of syntheticrepellent (DEET). The repellency of O. gratisimum was better than O.bassilicum since O. gratisimum possessing variety of active ingredientbeside eugenol (37.35%), such as thymol (9.67%) and cyneol (21.14)compared to O. bassilicum which is only possessing eugenol as much as46%.Key words : Selasih, Ocimum gratisimum, Ocimum bassilicum, Aedesaegypti, protection ability, West Jav

PENGARUH INSEKTISIDA NABATI KAMANDRAH DAN AKAR TUBA TERHADAP WERENG BATANG COKLAT

[THE INFLUENCE OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES BASED ON CROTON OIL AND DERRIS ROOT AGAINST BROWN PLANTHOPPER]. Brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stall) is a serious pest in rice. Using synthetic insecticide to control BPH is harmful for human health and can caused environmental pollution. The objective of this research is to find out ecofriendly insecticide to control BPH. Research has been conducted at Entomological laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor. It was designed with CRD, 16 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of botanical insecticides based on Croton tiglium and Derris elliptica. Each material was extracted by water, methanol, and xylene, and then tested by individually and combination, so there were 15 formulas and 1 control treatment (water). Third nymph BPH and IR64 rice variety were used in this research. Research was done in two methods, i.e. contact application and residual application. The result shows that there are 11 formulas which are prospective to be further developed i.e aqueous extraction (6 formulas) and combination extraction (aqueous with xylene and methanol (5 formulas). The aqueous extraction maybe the most prospective formulation since the technique could easily be adopted by farmers. Botanical pesticide based on Croton tiglium and Derris elliptica are very promising, therefore the research should be continued to find out the best formula of botanical insecticides for controlling BPH)

PENGARUH CAMPURAN BEBERAPA JENIS MINYAK NABATI TERHADAP DAYA TANGKAP LALAT BUAH

Penelitian pengaruh campuran bebe-rapa jenis minyak nabati terhadap daya tangkap lalat buah telah dilakukan di kebun jambu biji di Bogor pada tahun 2006. Penelitian menggu-nakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dela-pan perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perla-kuan terdiri dari minyak nabati : (1) sawit, (2) pala, (3) kayu manis, (4) melaleuca, (5) mela-leuca + sawit (1:1), (6) melaleuca + pala (1:1), (7) melaleuca + kayu manis (1:1) dan (8) atrak-tan pembanding Hogy yang sudah beredar di pasaran. Minyak melaleuca yang dihasilkan da-ri penyulingan daun Melaleuca bracteata me-ngandung metil eugenol 80%, sedangkan Hogy mengandung metil eugenol 75%. Perlakuan de-ngan cara meneteskan minyak sebanyak 1 ml pada kapas yang diletakkan di dalam perang-kap lalat. Perangkap lalat dibuat dari botol mi-numan air mineral (600 ml) dan digantungkan pada pohon jambu biji setinggi sekitar 2 m di atas permukaan tanah. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggu selama empat minggu terhadap jumlah, jenis dan kelamin lalat buah yang ter-perangkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bah-wa minyak nabati pala dan sawit merupakan bahan yang baik untuk dicampurkan dengan minyak melaleuca, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh ha-sil tangkapan yang lebih baik bila dibanding-kan dengan atraktan pembanding Hogy, walau-pun kandungan metil eugenolnya (40%) lebih rendah dibanding Hogy (75%). Minyak nabati kayu manis merupakan bahan yang bersifat an-tagonis bila dicampur melaleuca, hal ini ditun-jukkan oleh hasil tangkapan yang rendah. Mi-nyak pala mampu berperan sebagai atraktan la-lat buah, walaupun daya tangkapnya rendah.

Penelitian pendahuluan pengaruh daun manggis sebagai rodentisida nabati pada mencit mus musculus strain balepsi: Preliminary study of the effect of mangosteen leaves as

ABSTRACT Research has been conducted at Pest and Disease Laboratory, Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor, during 1997-1998. The objective was to evaluate the possibility of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) leaves to be used as botanical rodenticide which is tested to reproduction ability of mice Mus musculus. Eight to ten weeks old mice with the average weight of 25 gram were obtained from Research Institute for Livestock, Ciawi. Research was arranged at randomized block design, 8 treatments and 4 replications. Data was analyzed by determining the average value and their standard deviation values. Observations were done to the weight of testis, weight of embryo, number of embryo, volume of extracts drank by mice and mice behavior during experiment. Result revealed that there was no indication that the leaves extract affected the weight of testis, but it affected the number and weight of embryo. There was indication that mangosteen leaves acted as antifertility on mice. Giving leaves extract increased the total volume of extract drink. There was no abnormality at the activity of mice during experiment, included sex activity, poisonous symptoms and others. Key words : mangosteen, Mus musculus, antifertility INTISARI Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rernpah dan Obat, Bogor, pada tahun 1997-1998. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat kemungkinan digunakannya daun manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) sebagai bahan rodentisida nabati, dengan melihat pengaruhnya path daya reproduksi mencit Mus musculus. Mencit yang berumur 8-10 minggu dengan berat rata-rata 25 gram diperdeh dari Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi yang merupakan hasil perbanyakan di Laboratorium Ternak. Penelitian disusun dalam acak kelompok, 8 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Data diana]isis dengan menghitung nilai tengah serta nilai standar deviasinya. Pengamatan meliputi berat testis, berat embrio, jumlah embrio, banyak air yang diminum dan tingkah laku mencit selama percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tidak ada indikasi bahwa sari daun manggis dapat menurunkan berat testis, namun demikian terlihat indikasi bahwa claim manggis berpengaruh sebagai bahan antifertilitas dengan mempengaruhi jumlah dan berat embrio yang dihasilkan. Daun manggis meningkatkan jumlah air yang diminum. Daun manggis tidak mempengaruhi tingkah laku mencit ataupun menimbulkan gejala keracunan selama percobaan berlangsung. Kata kunci : manggis, Mus musculus, antifertilita

Pengaruh Cara Aplikasi Minyak Suling Melaleuca Bracteata Dan Metil Eugenol TerhadapDaya Pikat Lalat Buah Bactrocera Dorsalis = Effect Of Application Method Of Oil Distilled From Melaleuca Bracteata Leaves And Methyl ...

Research has been conducted at farmer\u27s fruit garden in Cilebut area, Bogor during 1997-1998 The objective is to know the effect of some application techniques of oil destined from Melaleum bracteata leaves on trapping fruit fly. Research consisted of three activities, those were the effec of some techniques of application on trapping fruit flies (1) weekly, (2) in two weeks and (3) the effect of some concentrations of methyl eugenol (ME) on trapping fruit fly. All treatments wen hung at the fruit trees as high as 1.5 tn. Observations were done in the number and gender of frui flies trapped weekly and Iwo-weekly. Result revealed that melaleuca distilled oil can be applied either by dropping into water or into cotton ball. Melaleuca leaves distilled oil should be applied once in two weeks, since its effectiveness lasted for two weeks only. The minimum concentratiot of methyl eugenol which could trap fruit flies effectively was 57%. Key words : Melaleuca bracteata, Bactrocera dorsali

EFEKTIVITAS PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA PADA TEH (Camellia sinensis L.)

Penelitian pengaruh beberapa jenis pestisida nabati terhadap serangan hama pada teh telah dilakukan di PTPN VIII, Perkebunan Teh Gedeh, Cianjur, Jawa-Barat tahun 2011. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan formula pestisida nabati efektif terhadap hama teh. Penelitian dirancang dalam acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan, yaitu formula (1) sitronellal; (2) eugenol; (3) rotenon; (4) azadirachtin; (5) campuran sitronellal, rotenon, eugenol, dan azadirachtin; dan (6) kontrol (air), masing-masing dengan konsentrasi lima ml l-1 air, diulang empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap intensitas serangan pada pucuk teh sebanyak empat kali panen. Hasil menunjukkan semua formula pestisida nabati efektif mengendalikan intensitas serangan tiga Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) pada pucuk teh, yaitu ulat jengkal (Plusia calchites), Empoasca (Empoasca sp.) dan Helopeltis (Helopeltis spp.) rata-rata 30%, kecuali eugenol yang belum menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam menekan serangan Helopeltis spp. Eugenol menunjukkan gejala fitotoksik pada pucuk teh (pucuk teh terlihat seperti terbakar). Walaupun terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam menekan kerusakan pucuk daun teh, semua formula belum memberikan hasil yang memuaskan karena masih relatif tingginya pucuk teh yang terserang OPT. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh faktor iklim, dimana embun dan curah hujan relatif tinggi di lokasi penelitian, sehingga mudah mencuci formula pestisida nabati pada pucuk teh. Oleh karena itu, untuk penelitian kedepan perlu penambahan bahan perekat nabati seperti dari Sapindus rarak pada semua formula yang diuji

COST OF PRODUCTION AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ORGANIC SITRONELA AGRIBUSINESS

The cost production and business feasibility is useful in determining the price cost, and decision making for future business development of organic citonella. The research was conducted at the PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi in Jonggol - Bogor Regency in April 2019.  Analysis of the cost of production was carried out by the full costing method. The feasibility test was carried out with several investment feasibility criteria, namely B/C ratio, NPV and IRR.Data collection was done by interviewing key informants, namely: producers and farmers of organic citronella using snowball sampling. The results showed that price cost of seeds, herbs and oil of organic  sitronela were Rp.103,00/cuttings, Rp662,00/kg and Rp205.757,00/kg. The Organic sitronela nursery and herbs were feasible, at 7% / year interest rates,  each  produced Net B/C ratio were 4,7% and NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, and B/C ratio of 1.05, NPV of Rp49.024.781,00 and IRR 17,92% for eleven ha Organic citronella cultivation produced essential oil content of 0.35% to 0.7% lower than inorganic cultivation >1%, thus impact on higher cost of product. In order for the cultivation of organic citronella to develop, the selling price of oil should be more expensive than inorganic citronella oil.Keywords: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organic, cost price, business feasibility AbstrakANALISA BIAYA POKOK DAN KELAYAKAN AGRIBISNIS SERAI WANGI ORGANIKPerhitungan harga pokok dan kelayakan usaha sangat bermanfaat dalam menetapkan harga jual, dan pengambilan keputusan untuk pengembangan usaha serai wangi organik. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun PT. Pemalang Agro Wangi di Jonggol – Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan April 2019. Analisis harga pokok produksi dilakukan dengan metode full costing. Uji kelayakan dilakukan dengan kriteria kelayakan investasi yaitu B/C ratio, NPV dan IRR. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada informan kunci yaitu: produsen serai wangi organik dan petani penggarap menggunakan metode bola salju (snowball sampling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha agribisnis serai wangi organik menghasilkan harga pokok benih, daun dan minyak masing-masing sebesar Rp103,00/stek,  Rp662,00/kg dan Rp205.757,00/kg. Usahatani benih dan daun serai wangi organik layak diusahakan, pada suku bunga 7%/tahun. Untuk usaha benih diperoleh B/C 4,7 dan NPV Rp289.386.802,00 per ha, serta untuk usaha daun diperoleh B/C 1,05, NPV Rp49.024.781,00 dan IRR 17,92 % per delapan ha. Budidaya serai wangi organik menghasilkan kadar minyak atsiri 0,35-0,7% lebih rendah dari pada budidaya anorganik (>1%), sehingga berdampak pada harga pokok produk yang lebih tinggi. Agar budidaya serai wangi organik berkembang, harga jual minyak seharusnya lebih mahal dari minyak serai wangi anorganik.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendl, organik, harga pokok, kelayakan usah