The effect of astaxanthin on amiodarone induced cardiac tissue damage in rat

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on amiodarone induced cardiac tissue damage.Materials and Methods: 3 groups were formed using 30 Wistar albino rats. In group 1 (control group) (n=10), neither any drugs were given nor anything was performed. In group 2 (amiodarone group) (n=10), 100 mg/kg amiodarone was given for 7 days. In group 3 (amiodarone+astaxanthin group) (n=10), 100 mg/kg amiodarone and 25 mg/kg astaxanthin were given for 7 days. Hearts were surgically extirpated in all groups. Blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Also, toxicity markers such as edema, hemorrhage, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration were assessed by examining the slides prepared from cardiac tissue with microscopy.Results: The MDA levels were significantly higher and the activities of SOD, and CAT were lower in group 2 than group 3. Tissue damage was significantly higher in group 2 than group 3.Conclusion: According to our short term findings, astaxanthin reversed the toxicity of amiodarone on cardiac tissue. In the light of these promising results, we suggest that astaxanthin usage should be thought to protect the cardiac damage due to amiodarone

The Protective Effect of Resveratrol on Cisplatin Induced Damage in Rat Liver

Aim: One of the underlying causes of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity is oxidative stress. We assessed the effect of an antioxidant, resveratrol, on cisplatin-induced damage in the rat liver. Methods: The project-starting date was designed as 01.10.2020 and the project-ending date was planned as 01.04.2021. Three groups were created with 30 female Wistar-Albino rats: In group 1 (control group), 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl (saline) was administered intraperitoneally for 3 days. In group 2 (cisplatin group), 7.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal cisplatin was given for 3 days. In group 3 (cisplatin + resveratrol group), 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin and 10 mg/kg resveratrol were given via the intraperitoneal route. The livers were surgically extirpated in all the groups. In both blood and tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Also, toxicity markers such as hepatocyte damage (cellular changes), inflammation, hemorrhage, congestion, fibrosis, disorganization of the hepatic cords, and necrosis were assessed by examining the preparations prepared from hepatic tissue with light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results: Histopathological tissue damage was significantly higher in group 2 than in other groups (p 0.03). MDA levels were significantly higher and the activities of SOD and CAT were lower in group 2 than in the other groups (p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: According to our short-term findings, resveratrol might be an effective molecule for preventing the harmful effects of cisplatin in the rat liver. © 2022, Galenos Publishing House. All rights reserved

Estimation of Parameters for the Gumbel Type-I Distribution under Type-II Censoring Scheme

       تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تحديد أفضل طرق تقدير المعلمات لمعاملات توزيع كامبل من النوع الأول تحت نظام الرقابة من النوع الثاني. لهذا الغرض، تم الاخذ في الحسبان إجراءات تقدير المعلمات الكلاسيكية و معلم بايسون. كما تم استخدام تقديرات الاحتمالية القصوى لإجراء تقدير المعلمة الكلاسيكي. كذلك تم اشتقاق التوزيعات المقاربة لهذه المقدرات. والتي ليس من الممكن الحصول على حلول صريحة لمقدرات بايسون. ولذلك ، تم أخذ تقنيات سلسلة ماركوف و مونت كارلو ولندلي في الاعتبار لتقدير المعلمات غير المعروفة. في تحليل بايسون ، من المهم جدًا تحديد تركيبة مناسبة من التوزيعات السابقة ودالة الخسارة. ولهذا، تم استخدام توزيعين مختلفين سابقين. أيضًا ، تم التحقق من تقديرات بايسون فيما يتعلق بالمعلمات ذات الأهمية في ظل وظائف الخسارة المختلفة. وتم اُستخدام خوارزمية جبز لأخذ العينات لإنشاء فترات بايسون ذات مصداقية. بعد ذلك ، تتم مقارنة كفاءات مقدرات الاحتمالية القصوى بمقدرات بايز من خلال دراسة محاكاة مونت كارلو واسعة النطاق. لقد ثبت أن مقدر بايسون أكثر كفاءة بكثير من مقدر الاحتمالية القصوى. أخيرًا ، تم أيضًا تقديم مثال واقعي لأغراض التطبيق.This paper aims to decide the best parameter estimation methods for the parameters of the Gumbel type-I distribution under the type-II censorship scheme. For this purpose, classical and Bayesian parameter estimation procedures are considered. The maximum likelihood estimators are used for the classical parameter estimation procedure. The asymptotic distributions of these estimators are also derived. It is not possible to obtain explicit solutions of Bayesian estimators. Therefore, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and Lindley techniques are taken into account to estimate the unknown parameters. In Bayesian analysis, it is very important to determine an appropriate combination of a prior distribution and a loss function. Therefore, two different prior distributions are used. Also, the Bayesian estimators concerning the parameters of interest under various loss functions are investigated. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is used to construct the Bayesian credible intervals. Then, the efficiencies of the maximum likelihood estimators are compared with Bayesian estimators via an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. It has been shown that the Bayesian estimators are considerably more efficient than the maximum likelihood estimators. Finally, a real-life example is also presented for application purposes

Protective effect of resveratrol on cisplatin induced damage in rat kidney

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of resveratrol on cisplatin induced damage in rat kidney. Materials and Methods: 30 female Wistar-Albino rats were allocated to form three groups: In group 1 (control group), 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl (saline) was administered intraperitoneally for 3 days. In group 2 (cisplatin group), 7.5 mg / kg intraperitoneal cisplatin was given for 3 days. In group 3 (cisplatin + resveratrol group) 7.5 mg / kg cisplatin and 10 mg / kg resveratrol were given via intraperitoneal route. Right kidneys were surgically extirpated in all groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in both blood and tissues. Also, toxicity markers such as vascular congestion, hemorrhage, tubule degeneration and glomerular damage were assessed by examining the slides prepared from kidney tissue with microscopy.Results: Tissue damage was significantly higher in group 2 than other groups. The MDA levels were significantly higher and the activities of SOD, and CAT were lower in group 2 than other groups.Conclusion: According to our short term findings, resveratrol might be an effective molecule to prevent the harmful effect of cisplatin in rat kidney

STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR GEOMETRIC PROCESS WITH THE GENERALIZED RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION

In the present paper, statistical inference problem is considered for the geometric process (GP) by assuming the distribution of the first arrival time is generalized Rayleigh with the parameters $\alpha$ and $\lambda$. We use the maximum likelihood method for obtaining the ratio parameter of the GP and distributional parameters of the generalized Rayleigh distribution. By a series of Monte-Carlo simulations evaluated through the different samples of sizes small, moderate and large, we also compare the estimation performances of the maximum likelihood estimators with the other estimators available in the literature such as modified moment, modified L-moment, and modified least squares. Furthermore, we present two real-life dataset analyzes to show the modeling behavior of GP with generalized Rayleigh distribution

Postmortem Kalp Okulu

Giriş: Ani kardiyak ölümlerde, otopsi kesin ölüm nedenini belirlemede ilk ve tek seçenektir. Avrupa Kardiyovasküler Patoloji Birliği tarafından, ani ölüm/ ani kardiyak ölüm tanımlamaları, otopsi prosedürü ve yapılması gereken laboratuvar tetkiklerinin açıklandığı, ani kardiyak ölümlerin otopsisi için güncellenmiş kılavuz yayınlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda bu kılavuzdan hareket edilerek, konu hakkında standart oluşturma çabasına yönelik temel multidisipliner teorik bilgi aktarımı ve kalp diseksiyonu beceri eğitimini de içeren, iki günlük bir eğitim şeklinde planlanan ve “Postmortem Kalp Okulu” adı altında uygulamaya konulan bir kurs programının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kurs, teorik ve uygulama eğitiminin yapıldığı iki kısım olarak planlamıştır. Katılan adli tıp uzmanlık öğrencilerinin bilgi düzeyinde, öğrenme hedeflerine ulaşıp ulaşamadıklarını saptamak amacıyla, kursun başlangıcı ve bitişinde kullanılmak üzere öğrenme hedeflerine uygun olarak 10 soruluk bir test oluşturulmuştur. Kursiyerlerin, kursa ait deneyimleri South East Thames kısa interaktif kurs değerlendirme ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu ölçeğin sonuna kursiyerlerin beceri kazanımlarına yönelik düşüncelerini öğrenmek üzere iki madde eklenmiş ve ayrıca nitel değerlendirmede kullanılmak üzere kursiyerlerin kurs hakkındaki düşüncelerini yazacakları bir kısım oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular:Katılımcıların ön test ve son test ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında, eğitim öncesine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Kurs değerlendirme ölçeği sonuçları incelendiğinde; katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun eğitim sürecinden memnun kaldığı ve eğitim sonrasında kalp diseksiyonu becerisi açısından kendilerini yeterli hissettikleri anlaşılmıştır. Tartışma: Adli tıp uzmanlık öğrencilerine uygulanan Postmortem Kalp Okulu eğitiminin, ani kardiyak ölüm ve kalp diseksiyonu bilgi ve beceri düzeylerine kısa dönemde olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu eğitimin uzun dönem etkilerinin, ileride yapılacak diğer kurslarla birlikte daha çok katılımcı sayılarıyla beraber değerlendirilmesi planlanmıştır

atherosclerosis

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a critical association with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and aortic stiffness are early signs of atherosclerosis. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in OSA patients using these parameters. Methods: 40 patients with OSA showing an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >= 5 (mean age 51.3 +/- 9 years, 32 males) and 24 controls ( HI < 5, mean age 51.9 +/- 5.2 years, 19 males) were enrolled in the study. In all subjects, polysomnographic examination and recordings were performed during sleep. IMT of the carotid artery, endothelium-dependent/-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery and aortic elastic parameters were investigated using high-resolution Doppler echocardiography. Results: The demographic data of the patients with OSA and controls were not significantly different. Subjects with OSA demonstrated higher values of aortic stiffness (7.1 +/- 1.88 vs. 6.42 +/- 1.56, respectively) and IMT (0.85 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.11 mm, p = 0.0001, respectively) but lower distensibility (9.47 +/- 1.33 vs. 11.8 +/- 3.36 cm(2)/dyn/10(6)) and FMD (4.57 +/- 1.3 vs. 6.34 +/- 0.83%, p = 0.0001, respectively) than the controls. The respiratory disturbance index correlated positively with aortic stiffness and IMT and negatively with distensibility and FMD. Conclusion: We observed blunted endothelium-dependent dilatation, increased carotid IMT and aortic stiffness in patients with OSA compared with matched control subjects. This is evident in the absence of other diseases, suggesting that OSA is an independent cause of atherosclerosis. These simple and noninvasive methods help to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in OSA. Copyright (C) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

Clinical outcomes in children with herpes simplex encephalitis receiving steroid therapy

Background: Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Neurologic sequelae are common even after early initiation of acyclovir treatment. The host immune response during HSE can also lead to brain damage. There are an increasing number of reports favoring steroid use in HSE. Objectives: We aimed to compare the prognosis of children with HSE with and without steroid therapy. Study design: We retrospectively screened our hospital archive from 2009 to 2014 for patients diagnosed with HSE with a positive result for herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. Patients >= 1 month and <= 18 years at diagnosis were included in the study. Clinical outcomes in terms of cognitive function, motor function, electroencephalographic findings, seizure frequency, and radiologic findings were compared in patients who received adjuvant steroid therapy with those who did not. Results: Six patients (1 boy, 5 girls; aged 4 months to 10 years) were included. Overall symptom duration before hospital admission was <= 5 days. Patients received acyclovir treatment for 21-28 days. Three received steroid therapy early during the disease and three patients did not. No adverse effects related to steroids were observed. Follow-up duration was 6 months to 5 years. All patients had radiologic sequelae of encephalitis. Cognition, motor function, and seizure control were better in patients who received steroid therapy. Conclusions: Adjuvant steroid therapy seems to be effective in decreasing morbidity in children with HSE but the radiologic sequelae were the same in both groups. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved