686 research outputs found
Rassenonderzoek witte asperge seizoen 2001-2002
In 2000 zijn twee nieuwe rassenproeven witte asperge aangelegd in Meterik, Nederland (PPO) en in Geel, BelgiΓ« (PDLT). Er zijn 10 dezelfde rassen aangeplant op beide plaatsen. De rassen zijn gezaaid bij plantenkwekerij de Kemp in Meterik in 1999. Het sortiment bestaat uit de Hollandse rassen Backlim, Gijnlim, Thielim, Grolim afkomstig van Asparagus BV te Horst en de Duitse rassen Eposs, Ramada, Ramos, Ravel , Rally (96013) en Rapsody (96071) afkomstig van SWD Saatsucht. De Nederlandse rassen worden verkocht door Nunhem en de Duitse door Royal Sluis
Mortality along the continuum of HIV care in Rwanda: a model-based analysis
HIV is the leading cause of death among adults in sub-Saharan Africa. However, mortality along the HIV care continuum is poorly described. We combine demographic, epidemiologic, and health services data to estimate where are people with HIV dying along Rwanda's care continuum.; We calibrated an age-structured HIV disease and transmission stochastic simulation model to the epidemic in Rwanda. We estimate mortality among HIV-infected individuals in the following states: untested, tested without establishing care in an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program (unlinked), in care before initiating ART (pre-ART), lost to follow-up (LTFU) following ART initiation, and retained in active ART care. We estimated mortality among people living with HIV in Rwanda through 2025 under current conditions, and with improvements to the HIV care continuum.; In 2014, the greatest portion of deaths occurred among those untested (35.4%), followed by those on ART (34.1%), reflecting the large increase in the population on ART. Deaths among those LTFU made up 11.8% of all deaths among HIV-infected individuals in 2014, and in the base case this portion increased to 18.8% in 2025, while the contribution to mortality declined among those untested, unlinked, and in pre-ART. In our model only combined improvements to multiple aspects of the HIV care continuum were projected to reduce the total number of deaths among those with HIV, estimated at 8177 in 2014, rising to 10,659 in the base case, and declining to 5,691 with combined improvements in 2025.; Mortality among those untested for HIV contributes a declining portion of deaths among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda, but the portion of deaths among those LTFU is expected to increase the most over the next decade. Combined improvements to the HIV care continuum might be needed to reduce the number of deaths among those with HIV
Prospective single and multi-phase short-circuit current levels in the Dutch transmission, sub-transmission and distribution grids
As elsewhere in the world, also in the Netherlands utilities face an increase in the actual and future short-circuit current levels at all voltages. This development is provoked by the required increase in transmission capacity as well as the concentration of power generation capacity. Large electricity production sites are moved to peripheral locations, thus overstressing the local transmission networks with respect to both the transmission capacity and the short-circuit power withstand capability. Dispersed power generation facilities, like windmills and co-generation plants for greenhouses, tend to appear in the same (optimal) neighborhoods, thus overstressing the local distribution and subtransmission networks. In the paper the development of short-circuit currents in the Dutch 400 kV-grid is illustrated. In addition, some particular aspects of the short-circuit currents will be addressed: three-phase and single phase fault currents, DC-time constants, peak values, contributions from transformers and distributed generators. Practical calculation guidelines on the actual short-circuit contribution from generators will be given. An example of design of a 400 kV station extension, emphasizing short-circuit current considerations is evaluated. National and international trends are addressed. More severe specifications of substation equipment lead to adapted designs and adequate testing procedures. Examples from testing of the consequences of short-circuit currents and fault arcs of 80 kA and above are highlighted
Polarization-dependent ponderomotive gradient force in a standing wave
The ponderomotive force is derived for a relativistic charged particle
entering an electromagnetic standing wave with a general three-dimensional
field distribution and a nonrelativistic intensity, using a perturbation
expansion method. It is shown that the well-known ponderomotive gradient force
expression does not hold for this situation. The modified expression is still
of simple gradient form, but contains additional polarization-dependent terms.
These terms arise because the relativistic translational velocity induces a
quiver motion in the direction of the magnetic force, which is the direction of
large field gradients. Oscillation of the Lorentz factor effectively doubles
this magnetic contribution. The derived ponderomotive force generalizes the
polarization-dependent electron motion in a standing wave obtained earlier
[A.E. Kaplan and A.L. Pokrovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 053601 (2005)].
Comparison with simulations in the case of a realistic, non-idealized,
three-dimensional field configuration confirms the general validity of the
analytical results.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ².ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ -ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.The discussion concerns the problem of quantitative parameters and indicators reflecting the quality of R&D personnel, and their measurement methodology. A quantitative measure is given of the dynamics, current conditions and qualitative indicators of the Ukrainian R&D personnel of the highest qualification
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