The impact of building up the limb muscle mass by the resistance exercise with the intake of milk in middle-aged and elderly women

Background: In the rapidly aging Japanese society, the most serious disorder to prevent is sarcopenia for extending healthy life expectancy. Objective: This study was carried out to clarify whether five kinds of specific and simple resistance exercise performing at home for the short term (42 days) with theintake of whole milk could help to increase the limb muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly women. Participants and measurements: Subjects were 39 healthy women aged 50 to 80 years who gave the consent to participate in the present study. Body composition, physical fitness, food and nutrient intake were measured. Oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed. Groups and results: Subjects were categorized in two groups; Group I with the increase of the limb muscle mass after exercise and Group II with no increase. Body weight before exercise (Group I, 51.6±5.5 kg vs Group II, 58.5±10.3 kg), the body mass index (BMI) (21.7±2.5 kg/m2 vs 24.3±3.9 kg/m2), the limb muscle mass (14.4±1.3 kg vs 15.6±2.0 kg), the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (6.0±0.5 kg/m2 vs 6.5±0.7 kg/m2), were all significantly high in Group II. The intake of milk before exercise in Group I (162.1±103.7 g/day) was significantly higher than in Group II (92.5±63.3 g/day). The blood glucose level at 30 min after glucose loading in Group I before exercise was significantly higher than that in Group Ⅱ (199.3 ± 31.1 mg/dl vs 177.0±34.1 mg/dl). Conclusion: The subjects in Group I could successfully increase the limb muscle mass, but the subjects in Group II, whose weight, BMI, the limb muscle mass were significantly high before exercise, could not increase the muscle mass by resistance exercise with the intake of milk. It was considered that the resistance exercise carried out in this study was not strong enough for Group II. We assumed that the BMI value could be the indicator of the strength of exercise for building up the muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly individuals

Emergency Cesarean Section in a Pregnant Woman with Aspirin Intolerance

We report a 38 year-old parturient with aspirin-intolerance who underwent 2nd emergency cesarean section.　She underwent a skin test because of multi-drug allergy, and the results suggested that spinal anesthesia could be acceptable.　She underwent spinal anesthesia and both she and the baby were well.　There was no adverse event during the cesarean section.　We considered that it is quite important to recognize the potential complications and to focus on the risk factors preoperatively to prevent anaphylaxis.本論文の要旨は，第40回日本集中治療医学会学術集会（2013年，松本）にて発表した

遠隔Zoom会議システムを用いた英語講義の実践報告

　2019年12月、中国湖北省武漢市で発生した新型コロナウイルス感染症（coronavirus disease 2019；COVID-19）は、パンデミックを引き起こし、大学教育の運営にも大きな影響を及ぼした。今回、我々は新規に遠隔双方向の英語講義を開始するにあたり、Zoom会議システムを用いて、その立上げを支援する経験を得たのでその詳細を報告する。講義の開始前には、インターネットの接続状況や、端末機器の保有状況を調査した。また、講義の実際においては、Zoom会議システムが有するブレイクアウト機能、チャット機能、画面共有機能が有用であった。本システムの利用により、講義者、履修者のいずれのITリテラシーも向上した。今回利用したテレビ会議システムによる、遠隔双方向講義は、講義運営上大きな問題を生じなかったが、今後もその教育的効果の検証を継続することが重要と考える

Evaluation on the Drinking Water Quality Concerning Bacteria and Inorganic Nitrogen Using Ten Spring Water Samples

Water supply self-sufficiency rate in nationwide of Japan is almost 100%. However, spring water is also used as drinking water. In this thesis, we examined bacterial contamination and inorganic nitrogen using ten spring water samples to evaluate their hygienic safety. Those samples were collected from Nov. 26, 2016 to Jan. 27, 2017. EC blue test and desoxycholate agar test were carried out for coliforms and fluorescent EC blue test was used for E. coli . Other general bacteria were detected by standard agar test. Inorganic nitrogen (e.g. NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N) were evaluated by using each ion selective pack test and digital pack test meter. As a result, the coliforms were detected in the range of 260 to 1 CFU/mL in five samples by desoxycholate agar tests. The results of EC blue tests in the same samples were also positive. E. coli was positive reaction in two of the five samples. Therefore, these spring water samples were judged inappropriate for drinking. In the rest five samples, there were no E. coli and no coliform. The numbers of general bacteria were detected 2100 to 0 CFU/mL. Three samples, which showed the values of 2100, 400 and 110 CFU/mL respectively, were out of the drinking water quality standard (100 CFU/ mL). The concentrations of NH4-N and NO2-N in each sample were not detected. NO3-N concentrations were the range of 40.8 to 0.27 mg/L in ten samples. Two samples (i.e. 40.8 and 21.1 mg/L) exceeded the standard quality value (NO3-N; <10 mg/L) of drinking water. In conclusion, five of the 10 spring water samples did not meet the quality standard criteria of drinking water by bacteriological examination and evaluation of inorganic nitrogen. We determined those five samples were not suitable for drinking. These methods, tried in this study, were very useful for quickly detecting the hygiene problems of spring water samples

Effect of Miglitol, an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor, on Postprandial Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: The effects of miglitol on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with diet alone. Subjects and Methods: A meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed in 26 diabetic patients before and 2 weeks after 150 mg/day miglitol treatment, with the second MTT performed in patients after they had taken a dose of 50 mg miglitol. Results: Miglitol treatment decreased postprandial blood glucose and serum insulin levels 30 and 60 min after meal loading, but there was no change in blood glucose levels at 120 min. In addition, there were no significant decreases in the area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose and serum insulin levels. However, the AUC of postprandial serum triglycerides and incremental triglycerides decreased significantly, as did the AUC of postprandial incremental remnant-like particle cholesterol. There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Conclusions: Miglitol treatment improves postprandial hyperlipidemia, as well as postprandial hyperglycemia, in patients with T2DM. In T2DM patients treated with α-glucosidase inhibitors alone, measuring blood glucose levels 120 min after a meal may not be the best way to monitor postprandial glucose metabolism

Unprecedented Catalysis of Cs+ Single Sites Confined in Y Zeolite Pores for Selective Csp3–H Bond Ammoxidation: Transformation of Inactive Cs+ Ions with a Noble Gas Electronic Structure to Active Cs+ Single Sites

We report the transformation of Cs+ ions with an inactive noble gas electronic structure to active Cs+ single sites chemically confined in Y zeolite pores (Cs+/Y), which provides an unprecedented catalysis for oxidative cyanation (ammoxidation) of Csp3–H bonds with O2 and NH3, although in general, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions without a moderate redox property cannot activate Csp3–H bonds. The Cs+/Y catalyst was proved to be highly efficient in the synthesis of aromatic nitriles with yields >90% in the selective ammoxidation of toluene and its derivatives as test reactions. The mechanisms for the genesis of active Cs+ single sites and the ammoxidation pathway of Csp3–H bonds were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The chemical confinement of large-sized Cs+ ions with the pore architecture of a Y zeolite supercage rendered the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap reduction, HOMO component change, and preferable coordination arrangement for the selective reaction promotion, which provides a trimolecular assembly platform to enable the coordination-promoted concerted ammoxidation pathway working closely on each Cs+ single site. The new reaction pathway without involvement of O2-dissociated O atom and lattice oxygen differs from the traditional redox catalysis mechanisms for the selective ammoxidation

Confined Single Alkali Metal Ion Platform in a Zeolite Pore for Concerted Benzene C–H Activation to Phenol Catalysis

The well-known cumene process via an explosive cumene hydroperoxide intermediate in liquid phase currently employed for phenol production is energy-intensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, there is a demand for an alternative single-step gas-phase catalysis process. According to the conventional catalysis concept, selective oxidation reactions are promoted by redox catalysts and not by acid–base catalysts. In general, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions cannot activate each of benzene, O2, and N2O when they adsorb separately. However, we observed an unprecedented catalysis of single alkali and alkaline earth metal ion sites incorporated into zeolite pores for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol with N2O and O2 + NH3, thereby providing a single-site catalytic platform with high selectivity. Among alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, single Cs+ and Rb+ sites with ion diameters of >300 pm in the pores of β-zeolites exhibited remarkable selectivity for benzene C–H activation to phenol catalysis in a concerted reaction pathway