27 research outputs found

    Determination Of Appropriate Clomipramine Dosage Among Depressed African Outpatients In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

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    A CAJM article on the appropriate clomipramine dosage among depressed African outpatients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Ethnic and racial factors have been implicated as determinants to the outcome of psychotropic medication. Ethnic differences in response to such medication affects dosage requirements and risk of potential side effects. Looking specifically at antidepressant medication, significantly lower treatment and maintenance dosage requirements have been noted in Orientals when compared to Occidentals. Patients were noted to respond equally to antidepressants regardless of the dosage chosen in Asia and other developing countries as opposed to the Occident where higher doses were effective

    Effect of bovine trypanosomiasis on hematopoiesis

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    Meeting: Conference on Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Pathogenicity of Trypanosomes, 20-23 Nov. 1978, Nairobi, KEIn IDL-329

    Comparative trypanotolerance of the Small East African breed of goats from different localities to Trypanosoma congolense infection

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    Differences in susceptibility of the Small East African breed of goats to an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated. The goats were obtained from different areas of East Africa, Morogoro and Arusha (Tanzania), Imbo and Lambwe Valley (Kenya). Morogoro goats were found to be more tolerant, followed by Arusha, Lambwe Valley and Imbo goats, in that order. The Imbo goats had highest parasitaemia, more severe anaemia, marked weight losses and highest mortality rate. The Morogoro goats showed a milder infection with lower parasitaemia, less severe anaemia, weight losses and lowest mortality rate. The Lambwe Valley and Arusha goats were intermediate to the Morogoro (resistant) and Imbo (susceptible) goats. The significance of these findings in relation to existence of heterogeneity in the Small East African goats is discussed

    Susceptibility of different breeds of goats in Kenya to experiment infection with Trypanosoma congolense

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    A study conducted to assess whether there was any evidence of genetic resistance to African trypanosomiasis in different goat breeds including East African, Galla and Crossbreds between East African and Galla, Nubian or Toggenburg

    Prevalence of ixodid ticks and trypanosomosis in camels in southern rangelands of Ethiopia

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    The prevalence of ixodid ticks and trypanosomosis of camels was studied in the semi-arid rangelands of southern Ethiopia between 1995 and 1996. A total of 24077 ticks were collected from 510 camels aged between 6 months and 15 years. Eleven species of ticks were identified. Rhipicephalus pulchellus (59.1 %) was the most abundant tick followed by Hyalomma dromedarii (21.2%), Amblyomma gemma (12.5%), Hyalomma marginaturn rufipes (3.5%) and Hyalomma truncatum (2.8%). The highest numbers of ticks on camels occurred during the months from February to May with a peak during April. The other identified tick species were in very small numbers. Blood smears from 320 clinically sick camels were examined for haemoparasites out of which 142 (44.4%) were infected with Trypanosoma evansi, 3 (0.93%) with T. congolense and 2 (0.63%) with T. brucei. No tick-borne haemoparasites were detected. The possible ways of controlling ticks and trypanosomosis (T. evansi) in camel population are discussed in line with the livestock production system and climatic condition of the study area

    Interactions among vegetable-infesting aphids, the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and the predatory coccinellid Cheilomenes lunata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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    Published online: 06 Nov 2015Entomopathogenic fungi are among biocontrol agents being considered for the control of aphids on a variety of crops. Predatory coccinellids, although generalist, are also among important natural enemies that must be conserved for aphid management. Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the interaction between three vegetable-infesting aphids, Metarhizium anisopliae isolate ICIPE 62 and the coccinellid predator Cheilomenes lunata. At a concentration of 1 × 108 conidial ml–1, the fungus was found to cause mortality of 7.5% to C. lunata, compared to 2.5% mortality in the control at 10 days post-treatment. Female adult C. lunata to which fungus-infected aphids were offered as prey never accepted them as food source in non-choice bioassays. However, live and dead non-infected aphids were fed upon. In choice bioassay, a total of 1–3 out of 24 infected non-sporulating aphids per species (average of 0.1–0.4 aphids per arena) were consumed by 48 h-starved C. lunata within a period of 60 min, but avoided sporulating cadavers. Foraging adult C. lunata enhanced the spread of conidia of M. anisopliae from infected cadavers to fourth instars Aphis gossypii feeding on okra (0.8–15.0% mortality), Brevicoryne brassicae (3.3–15.0% mortality) and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (0.8–14.2% mortality) on kale plants. Results of this study demonstrate compatibility between M. anisopliae and C. lunata, and could provide a sustainable strategy for effective management of aphids on crucifers and okra cropping systems
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