36 research outputs found
Tigers of Sundarbans in India: Is the Population a Separate Conservation Unit?
The Sundarbans tiger inhabits a unique mangrove habitat and are morphologically distinct from the recognized tiger subspecies in terms of skull morphometrics and body size. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess their ecological and genetic distinctiveness and determine if Sundarbans tigers should be defined and managed as separate conservation unit. We utilized nine microsatellites and 3 kb from four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes to estimate genetic variability, population structure, demographic parameters and visualize historic and contemporary connectivity among tiger populations from Sundarbans and mainland India. We also evaluated the traits that determine exchangeability or adaptive differences among tiger populations. Data from both markers suggest that Sundarbans tiger is not a separate tiger subspecies and should be regarded as Bengal tiger (P. t. tigris) subspecies. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA data revealed reciprocal monophyly. Genetic differentiation was found stronger for mtDNA than nuclear DNA. Microsatellite markers indicated low genetic variation in Sundarbans tigers (He= 0.58) as compared to other mainland populations, such as northern and Peninsular (Hebetween 0.67- 0.70). Molecular data supports migration between mainland and Sundarbans populations until very recent times. We attribute this reduction in gene flow to accelerated fragmentation and habitat alteration in the landscape over the past few centuries. Demographic analyses suggest that Sundarbans tigers have diverged recently from peninsular tiger population within last 2000 years. Sundarbans tigers are the most divergent group of Bengal tigers, and ecologically non-exchangeable with other tiger populations, and thus should be managed as a separate "evolutionarily significant unit" (ESU) following the adaptive evolutionary conservation (AEC) concept.Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun (India)
Acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos Ă cirurgia bariĂĄtrica : aspectos laboratoriais nos perĂodos prĂ© e pĂłs-operatĂłrio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de CiĂȘncias da SaĂșde, Programa de PĂłs-Graduação em FarmĂĄcia, FlorianĂłpolis, 2017A obesidade Ă© uma doença crĂŽnica e endĂłcrino-metabĂłlica caracterizada pelo acĂșmulo excessivo de triacilglicerĂłis no tecido adiposo, capaz de ser revertida ou amenizada atravĂ©s de intervenção cirĂșrgica. Epidemiologicamente tĂȘm sido descritas associaçÔes entre o excesso de peso, resistĂȘncia Ă insulina e processo inflamatĂłrio crĂŽnico. AlĂ©m disso, nas Ășltimas dĂ©cadas o sistema complemento foi associado a doenças metabĂłlicas e cardiovasculares e intimamente relacionado com a obesidade e resistĂȘncia Ă insulina. Sendo assim, a melhora do estado metabĂłlico e a remissĂŁo da inflamação em pacientes obesos submetidos Ă cirurgia bariĂĄtrica foram avaliadas, bem como a associação dos fatores 3 e 4 (C3 e C4) do sistema complemento com a sensibilidade Ă insulina e a perda de peso apĂłs a cirurgia bariĂĄtrica. Para isso, a presença de comorbidades e as concentraçÔes sĂ©ricas de leptina, adiponectina, resistina e grelina foram avaliados em pacientes obesos mĂłrbidos antes, 1, 3 e 6 meses apĂłs a cirurgia bariĂĄtrica. TambĂ©m foram medidas as concentraçÔes de IL-1Ă, IL-6, TNF-a, proteĂna amiloide sĂ©rica A (SAA), proteĂna quimiotĂĄtica de monĂłcitos 1 (MCP-1), C3, C4, glicose, insulina, colesterol total, triacilglicerol, LDL- colesterol, HDL-colesterol e foi realizado o cĂĄlculo do modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistĂȘncia Ă insulina (HOMA-IR) durante o seguimento da cirurgia, bem como em comparação com um grupo de indivĂduos nĂŁo-obesos. Como resultado, observou-se uma redução significativa de peso acompanhada de melhora do perfil lipĂdico, da sensibilidade Ă insulina e das comorbidades. Ainda, houve diminuição de leptina e aumento de adiponectina no perĂodo pĂłs-cirĂșrgico. IL-1Ă, IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1 e SAA nĂŁo mostraram diferença no acompanhamento da cirurgia, porĂ©m SAA correlacionou-se com o IMC e apresentou-se muito mais alto no grupo de pacientes obesos. AlĂ©m disso, C3 e C4 foram significativamente maiores em indivĂduos obesos quando comparados aos indivĂduos nĂŁo-obesos e C3 e C4 foram positivamente correlacionados com HOMA-IR e as concentraçÔes de C3 foram significativamente diminuĂdas apĂłs a cirurgia. Com base nesses resultados, a cirurgia bariĂĄtrica mostrou melhorar o estado metabĂłlico melhorando as comorbidades associadas Ă obesidade e os biomarcadores de adiposidade leptina e adiponectina, mas nĂŁo os demais hormĂŽnios e citocinas inflamatĂłrias e C3 e C4 foram fortemente associados Ă sensibilidade Ă insulina.Abstract: Obesity is a chronic and endocrine-metabolic disease characterized by triacylglycerol accumulation in the adipose tissue, which can be reversed or improved through surgical intervention. Epidemiologically, associations between overweight, insulin resistance and chronic inflammatory process have been described. Furthermore, in the last decades the complement system was associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and related to obesity and insulin resistance. Thus, metabolic status improvement and inflammation remission in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated, as well as the association of complement system factors 3 and 4 (C3 and C4) with insulin sensitivity and weight loss after bariatric surgery. For this, comorbidities and leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin serum concentrations were evaluated in morbidly obese patients before, 1, 3 and 6 months after bariatric surgery. IL-1Ă, IL-6, TNF-a, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), C3, C4, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the calculation of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were performed during the surgery follow-up, as well in a group of non-obese individuals. As a result, significant weight loss followed by improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and comorbidities were observed. Still, there was a decrease in leptin and an increase in adiponectin in the postoperative period. IL-1Ă, IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1 and SAA showed no difference after surgery, but SAA correlated with BMI and was much higher in obese patients. In addition, both C3 and C4 were significantly higher in obese individuals when compared to lean individuals and positively correlated with HOMA-IR. C3 concentrations were significantly decreased after surgery. Based on these results, bariatric surgery has been shown to improve metabolic status by improving obesity-associated comorbidities and adiposity biomarkers leptin and adiponectin but not the other hormones and inflammatory cytokines and C3 and C4 were strongly associated with insulin sensitivity
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS