Variation in Energy Expenditure among Black‐Legged Kittiwakes):Effects of Activity‐Specific Metabolic Rates and Activity Budgets

We sought to determine the effect of variation in time‐activity budgets (TABs) and foraging behavior on energy expenditure rates of parent black‐legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). We quantified TABs using direct observations of radio‐tagged adults and simultaneously measured field metabolic rates (FMR) of these same individuals (n = 20) using the doubly labeled water technique. Estimated metabolic rates of kittiwakes attending their brood at the nest or loafing near the colony were similar (ca. 1.3 × basal metabolic rate [BMR]), although loafing during foraging trips was more costly (2.9 × BMR). Metabolic rates during commuting flight (7.3 × BMR) and prey‐searching flight (6.2 × BMR) were similar, while metabolic rates during plunge diving were much higher (ca. 47 × BMR). The proportion of the measurement interval spent foraging had a positive effect on FMR (R2 = 0.68), while the combined proportion of time engaged in nest attendance and loafing near the colony had a negative effect on FMR (R2 = 0.72). Thus, more than two‐thirds of the variation in kittiwake FMR could be explained by the allocation of time among various activities. The high energetic cost of plunge diving relative to straight flight and searching flight suggests that kittiwakes can optimize their foraging strategy under conditions of low food availability by commuting long distances to feed in areas where gross foraging efficiency is high

Qualité de vie de patientes en rémission traitées pour un cancer du sein non métastasé, selon la surveillance médicale classique ou alternée

International audienceObjectif : Évaluer l’impact d’une surveillance alternée du cancer du sein sur la qualité de vie de patientes en rémission et classées selon leur risque histopronostique de récidive (haut-risque [HR] vs bas-risque [BR] de récidive).Méthode : Quinze patientes suivies pour un cancer du sein non métastasé en rémission ont participé à un entretien semidirectif et complété le questionnaire FACT-B évaluant la qualité de vie.Résultats : Le type de surveillance (alternée vs classique) n’affecte pas la qualité de vie des patientes. En revanche, le groupe BR présente une moins bonne qualité de vie que le groupe HR.Conclusion : Les patientes du groupe BR ne semblent pas assez informées sur la surveillance alternée et sur la place que leur médecin généraliste peut et doit prendre durant l’après-traitement. Dans ce contexte, la mise en place d’un suivi psychologique semble pertinente

Publisher Correction: LifeTime and improving European healthcare through cell-based interceptive medicine (Nature, (2020), 587, 7834, (377-386), 10.1038/s41586-020-2715-9)

In this Perspective, owing to an error in the HTML, the surname of author Alejandro López-Tobón of the LifeTime Community Working Groups consortium was indexed as ‘Tobon’ rather than ‘López-Tobón’ and the accents were missing. The HTML version of the original Perspective has been corrected; the PDF and print versions were always correct. © 2021, The Author(s)

The ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: a description of the detector configuration for Run 3

The ATLAS detector is installed in its experimental cavern at Point 1 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. During Run 2 of the LHC, a luminosity of ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 was routinely achieved at the start of fills, twice the design luminosity. For Run 3, accelerator improvements, notably luminosity levelling, allow sustained running at an instantaneous luminosity of ℒ = 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1, with an average of up to 60 interactions per bunch crossing. The ATLAS detector has been upgraded to recover Run 1 single-lepton trigger thresholds while operating comfortably under Run 3 sustained pileup conditions. A fourth pixel layer 3.3 cm from the beam axis was added before Run 2 to improve vertex reconstruction and b-tagging performance. New Liquid Argon Calorimeter digital trigger electronics, with corresponding upgrades to the Trigger and Data Acquisition system, take advantage of a factor of 10 finer granularity to improve triggering on electrons, photons, taus, and hadronic signatures through increased pileup rejection. The inner muon endcap wheels were replaced by New Small Wheels with Micromegas and small-strip Thin Gap Chamber detectors, providing both precision tracking and Level-1 Muon trigger functionality. Trigger coverage of the inner barrel muon layer near one endcap region was augmented with modules integrating new thin-gap resistive plate chambers and smaller-diameter drift-tube chambers. Tile Calorimeter scintillation counters were added to improve electron energy resolution and background rejection. Upgrades to Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillators and Forward Detectors improve luminosity monitoring and enable total proton-proton cross section, diffractive physics, and heavy ion measurements. These upgrades are all compatible with operation in the much harsher environment anticipated after the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC and are the first steps towards preparing ATLAS for the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC. This paper describes the Run 3 configuration of the ATLAS detector