Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities of a new 5-​nitroisatin Schiff base and its metal complexes

The copper (II)​, cobalt (II)​, nickel (II) and zinc (II) complexes of 5 - nitroisatin Schiff base (L) (L = Schiff base derived from 5-​nitroisatin and 2-​methyl-​4-​nitroaniline) were synthesized and characterized. The authenticity of the ligand and its metal complexes has been established by micro anal., IR, NMR, LC​/MS, UV-​VIS and elec. conductance measurements. The ligand acts as a bidentate agent in which the carbonyl oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen of 5-​nitroisatin are involved in co-​ordination. Square planar geometry was proposed for the Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes and tetrahedral geometry was proposed for the Co (II) and Zn (II) complexes. The ligand and its metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, etc. and for antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavous, etc. The Schiff base and its complexes were also screened for anthelmintic activity on earthworms. Both samples displayed significant activitie

Comparative assessment of the role of state, third sector and combined intervention of state and third sector in intervening income inequalities through SHGS

Inequality reduction in general and income inequality reduction in particular has occupied huge efforts/resources of the state since independence in India.Given that more than 300 million people are under poverty line in India today and the sheer deprivation that they face, evaluation of inequality reduction methods in India assume greater significance.In the above context, the present paper is an attempt to understand the effectiveness of income inequality reduction methods by the state, third sector and the combined intervention of the state and third sector.For this purpose four villages in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka were chosen to assess the relative effectiveness of the interventions by state, third sector and the combined interventions of state and third sector. The results of the study show that, Combined intervention of the State and Third Sector on Income inequalities through SHGs is distinctly better in providing regular employment to employed people than other types of intervention.Combined intervention of State and Third Sector in Income inequalities is distinctly better both in empowering people with higher incomes and discouraging people from borrowing money from money lenders at very high interest rates.It could also be concluded that combined intervention of State and Third Sector provides better terms of borrowing than State intervention alone or Third Sector intervention alone.Earning and saving patters are much better in combined intervention of State and Third Sector than other interventions

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of a New 5-Chloroisatin Schiff Base and its Metal Complexes

Copper(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 5-chloroisatin Schiff base (L) (L= Schiff base derived from 5-chloroisatin and 2-methyl-4- nitro aniline) were synthesized and characterized. The authenticity of the ligand and its metal complexes had been established by micro analysis, IR, NMR, LC/MS, UV-Vis and electrical conductance measurements. The ligand acts as a bidentate in which the carbonyl oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen of 5-chloroisatin are involved in co-ordination. Square planar geometry was proposed for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes and tetrahedral geometry was proposed for Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The ligand and its metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against bacterias viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli etc. and antifungal activity against fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavous etc. The activities of both the samples have shown significant and noticeable changes on complexations

Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of a new Isatin Schiff base and its metal complexes

The complexes of Copper(II)​, Cobalt(II)​, Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) of Isatin Schiff base (L) (L = Schiff base derived from Isatin and 2-​methyl-​4-​nitroaniline) were synthesized and characterized. The authenticity of the ligand and its metal complexes had been established by micro anal., IR, NMR, LC​/MS, UV-​VIS and elec. conductance measurements. The ligand acts as a bidentate in which the carbonyl oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen of isatin are involved in co-​ordination. Square planar geometry was proposed for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes and tetrahedral geometry was proposed for Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The ligand and its metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity. The activities of the samples have shown significant and noticeable changes on complexation

Catalytic activity of supported solid catalysts for phenol hydroxylation

Cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 2-phenylbenzimidazole (PhBzlH) encapsulated in the supercages of zeolite-Y and ZSM-5 have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies (IR, UV/visible, EPR), elemental analyses, thermal studies and X-ray diffraction patterns. The catalytic activity of encapsulated complexes was investigated for the hydroxylation of phenol using 30 % H2O2 as an oxidant. Under optimized reaction conditions, the hydroxylation of phenol yielded catechol and hydroquinone as the major products. All catalysts show good selectivity for diphenol products. A maximum conversion of phenol was obtained with [Cu(PhBzlH)]-Y as the catalyst. The results showed that conversion of phenol varies in the order [Cu(PhBzlH)]-Y (53 %) > [Cu(PhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 > (49 %) > [Co(PhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 (47 %) > [Co(PhBzlH)]-Y (46 %) > [Zn(PhBzlH)]-Y (45 %) > [Zn(PhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 (41 %) after 6 h of reaction time. Test for the recyclability of the reaction was also carried out and the results indicate their recyclability

Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Digital Filters under Finite Word Length Effects via Normal Form Transformation

Main objective of this paper is to present the general solution of the first order matrix difference system X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n), and then study the stability and sensitivity analysis of the digital filters via eigenvalue sensitivity and normal form transformations.Предложено общее решение разностной системы матриц первого порядка X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n). Исследована стабильность и чувствительность цифровых фильтров посредством анализа чувствительности собственного значения и преобразования нормальной формы.Запропоновано загальний розв’язок різницевої системи матриць першого порядку X (n+1)=AX (n)B+C(n)U(n)D(n). Досліджено стабільність і чутливість цифрових фільтрів за допомогою аналізу чутливості власного значення та перетворення нормальної форми

Power outage detection methods for theoperation of a shunt active power flter as energy backup system

This paper presents the study of power outage detection methods that can be applied to a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) with energy backup capability. SAPFs can successfully compensate Power Quality problems related with distorted or unbalanced currents and low power factor. Future Smart Grids will combine devices, control strategies and functionalities to increase the grid reliability and the power management capability. One of the main tools necessary to enable these features is the information of what is occurring in all the smart grid parts. In this context the fast detection of power outages is critical, so this paper also contributes for the discussion of the best ways to extract information in the context of future smart grids. The combination of information and flexible devices in a smart grid will enable the implementation of collective awareness systems, which can deal with different electrical grid problems and situations in an organic manner.This work is financed by FEDER Funds, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE, and by National Funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal, under the projects FCOMP 01-0124-FEDER-022674 and PTDC/EEA-EEL/104569/2008. Bruno Exposto is supported by the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/87999/2012 granted by FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal. 0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dynamics of parasite population and its histopathological and histophysiological effects in the stomach of a freshwater fish

The caryophyllaeid cestode Lytocestoides fossilis infects the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. The study was conducted for two consecutive years (2004-06) to record the bio-statistical data of the parasite. The incidence, intensity, density and index of infection of the parasite have been recorded. The infection was more during June to September, moderate during February to May and low during October to January. The parasite brought about severe histopathological changes in the stomach of infected fish. The changes observed in the stomach of fish included structural damage of the villi, inflammation, and fibrosis associated with hyperplasia and metaplasia. The hypertrophy of mucous layer led to vacuolation and necrosis. Histochemical changes were noticed with enhanced carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents. The enhanced substrate content in the infected organ might be due to the disfunctioning of the digestive tract, which results in the accumulation of various metabolites. Mucus secretion was triggered as a protective interaction against parasitic invasion. The parasitic infection affects the general metabolic state of the host and as the result, the fish becomes sluggish and moribund

Garnet mineral chemistry as a provenance indicator for the modern beach sediments of north-eastern Andhra Pradesh, east coast of India

917-924The provenance of garnets from coastal sediments between the Nagavali and Vamsadhara river mouths, east coast of India were studied using garnet molecular proportions. This mineral chemical electron micro probe analytical data have been correlated with published garnet chemistry from various litho units of the eastern ghats granulite belt to understand provenance. The present study reveals that the garnets with molecular proportions of almandine (Alm. 50-56%), pyrope (Py. 33-43%) and traces of grossular (Gr. 5%) were derived from charnockite suite of rocks. The major portion (83%) of the studied garnets is derived from khondalite (metapelitic) suite of rocks susceptible for physical weathering due to large areal exposure and minor proportion (17%) is derived from charnockite suite of rocks which due to less coverage in drainage basis is not susceptible for mechanical weathering