Street Audits to Measure Neighborhood Disorder: Virtual or In-Person?

Neighborhood conditions may influence a broad range of health indicators, including obesity, injury, and psychopathology. In particular, neighborhood physical disorder - a measure of urban deterioration - is thought to encourage crime and high-risk behaviors, leading to poor mental and physical health. In studies to assess neighborhood physical disorder, investigators typically rely on time-consuming and expensive in-person systematic neighborhood audits. We compared 2 audit-based measures of neighborhood physical disorder in the city of Detroit, Michigan: One used Google Street View imagery from 2009 and the other used an in-person survey conducted in 2008. Each measure used spatial interpolation to estimate disorder at unobserved locations. In total, the virtual audit required approximately 3% of the time required by the in-person audit. However, the final physical disorder measures were significantly positively correlated at census block centroids (r = 0.52), identified the same regions as highly disordered, and displayed comparable leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy. The measures resulted in very similar convergent validity characteristics (correlation coefficients within 0.03 of each other). The virtual audit-based physical disorder measure could substitute for the in-person one with little to no loss of precision. Virtual audits appear to be a viable and much less expensive alternative to in-person audits for assessing neighborhood conditions

Mooney et al. Respond to "observing Neighborhood Physical Disorder"

[No abstract available

REAÇÕES EMOCIONAIS DA MULHER NO PUERPÉRIO

A autora procurou obter, através de declarações de enfermeiras, informação sobre se estas conseguem identificar manifestações de comportamento de puérperas que evidenciam reações emocionais e se as mesmas se julgam preparadas para atender adequadamente as puérperas, considerando tanto os aspectos físicos quanto os emocionais.The author intended to obtain information through the nurses's statements, if they are able to indentify behavior manifestations in the postpartum that could indicate emotional reactions and if they feel prepared to assist adequatily the postpartum women, considering physical and emotional aspects