Nonlinear ac response of anisotropic composites

When a suspension consisting of dielectric particles having nonlinear characteristics is subjected to a sinusoidal (ac) field, the electrical response will in general consist of ac fields at frequencies of the higher-order harmonics. These ac responses will also be anisotropic. In this work, a self-consistent formalism has been employed to compute the induced dipole moment for suspensions in which the suspended particles have nonlinear characteristics, in an attempt to investigate the anisotropy in the ac response. The results showed that the harmonics of the induced dipole moment and the local electric field are both increased as the anisotropy increases for the longitudinal field case, while the harmonics are decreased as the anisotropy increases for the transverse field case. These results are qualitatively understood with the spectral representation. Thus, by measuring the ac responses both parallel and perpendicular to the uniaxial anisotropic axis of the field-induced structures, it is possible to perform a real-time monitoring of the field-induced aggregation process.Comment: 14 pages and 4 eps figure

High panel exploitation of Hevea trees: a comparative study of five tapping systems

High panel exploitation of Hevea using five different tapping systems was studied. Upward tapping on a quarter-spiral cut for eight months, followed by base panel tapping for four months gave the same yield as downward ladder tapping on a half-spiral cut (control). However, the dry rubber content of the latex was higher; the time taken to tap per tree was {ess; stimulation cost was lower and so was bark consumption. The jebong and CUT knife were compared for upward tapping{ on a quarter-spiral cut and showed no differences on the yield of latex, but it took more time to tap a tree with the jebong knife when the tapping cut reached higher levels. In upward tapping, the yield obtained with the half-spiral cut, was higher than the quarter-spiral cut, but the dry rubber content of the latex was lower. Also, it took a longer time to tap the tree; it had a higher bark consumption and the cost of stimulation was higher compared to the quarter-spiral cut. There was little difference in yield between reverse micro-x and ladder tapping. Reverse micro-tapping gave a higher dry rubber content of the latex .and consumed much less bark, but the stimulation cost was higher, and it took a longer time to tap a tree

Theory of the "honeycomb chain-channel" reconstruction of Si(111)3x1

First-principles electronic-structure methods are used to study a structural model for Ag/Si(111)3x1 recently proposed on the basis of transmission electron diffraction data. The fully relaxed geometry for this model is far more energetically favorable than any previously proposed, partly due to the unusual formation of a Si double bond in the surface layer. The calculated electronic properties of this model are in complete agreement with data from angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett (the ugly postscript error on page 4 has now been repaired

Личностно ориентированный поход к допрофессиональной подготовке учащихся-спортсменов в стратегии перехода на 12-летнее образование

Ozonation of toluene over NaX, NaY and MCM-41 adsorbents was studied targeting for indoor air purification. The combined use of ozone and the various micro- or meso-porous adsorbents aimed to take advantage of the strong oxidizing capability of ozone. At the same time the residual ozone would be minimized due to the enhanced catalytic reaction in the porous structure. To lower the residual ozone level is a crucial issue as ozone is itself an indoor pollutant. The Lewis acid sites in the adsorbents were believed to decompose ozone into atomic oxygen, and the subsequent reactions would then convert the adsorbed toluene into CO2 and H2O. In the dry conditions, the MCM-41 required the smallest amount of material to achieve the 90% reduction target, followed by NaY and NaX. In the more humid environment (50% RH), extra amounts of MCM-41 and NaX adsorbents were required to reach the target as compared with the dry conditions. Desorption experiments were also conducted to study the amounts of various major species held in the adsorbents during the catalytic process. A material balance analysis of the major species in both the effluents and the adsorbents showed that within our experimental conditions, about 20–40% of the removed toluene was carried out via catalytic ozonation while adsorption covered the rest. Trace amount of intermediate species such as aldehydes and organic acids were identified in the desorbed gas indicating that they were withheld by the adsorbents during the air purification process and those in the effluent were below detection levels.C.W. Kwong, Christopher Y.H. Chao, K.S. Hui, M.P. Wa

Novel method for refinement of retained austenite in micro/nano-structured bainitic steels

A comparative study was conducted to assess the effects of two different heat treatments on the amount and morphology of the retained austenite in a micro/nano-structured bainitic steel. The heat treatments used in this work were two-stage bainitic transformation and bainitic-partitioning transformation. Both methods resulted in the generation of a multi-phase microstructure containing nanoscale bainitic ferrite, and/or fresh martensitic phases and much finer retained austenite. Both heat treatments were verified to be effective in refining the retained austenite in micro/nano-structured bainite and increasing the hardness. However, the bainitic transformation followed by partitioning cycle was proved to be a more viable approach than the two-stage bainitic transformation due to much shorter processing time, i.e. ∼2 h compared to ∼4 day, respectively

Scaling and non-Abelian signature in fractional quantum Hall quasiparticle tunneling amplitude

We study the scaling behavior in the tunneling amplitude when quasiparticles tunnel along a straight path between the two edges of a fractional quantum Hall annulus. Such scaling behavior originates from the propagation and tunneling of charged quasielectrons and quasiholes in an effective field analysis. In the limit when the annulus deforms continuously into a quasi-one-dimensional ring, we conjecture the exact functional form of the tunneling amplitude for several cases, which reproduces the numerical results in finite systems exactly. The results for Abelian quasiparticle tunneling is consistent with the scaling anaysis; this allows for the extraction of the conformal dimensions of the quasiparticles. We analyze the scaling behavior of both Abelian and non-Abelian quasiparticles in the Read-Rezayi Z_k-parafermion states. Interestingly, the non-Abelian quasiparticle tunneling amplitudes exhibit nontrivial k-dependent corrections to the scaling exponent.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Dielectric Behavior of Nonspherical Cell Suspensions

Recent experiments revealed that the dielectric dispersion spectrum of fission yeast cells in a suspension was mainly composed of two sub-dispersions. The low-frequency sub-dispersion depended on the cell length, whereas the high-frequency one was independent of it. The cell shape effect was qualitatively simulated by an ellipsoidal cell model. However, the comparison between theory and experiment was far from being satisfactory. In an attempt to close up the gap between theory and experiment, we considered the more realistic cells of spherocylinders, i.e., circular cylinders with two hemispherical caps at both ends. We have formulated a Green function formalism for calculating the spectral representation of cells of finite length. The Green function can be reduced because of the azimuthal symmetry of the cell. This simplification enables us to calculate the dispersion spectrum and hence access the effect of cell structure on the dielectric behavior of cell suspensions.Comment: Preliminary results have been reported in the 2001 March Meeting of the American Physical Society. Accepted for publications in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Effects of geometric anisotropy on local field distribution: Ewald-Kornfeld formulation

We have applied the Ewald-Kornfeld formulation to a tetragonal lattice of point dipoles, in an attempt to examine the effects of geometric anisotropy on the local field distribution. The various problems encountered in the computation of the conditionally convergent summation of the near field are addressed and the methods of overcoming them are discussed. The results show that the geometric anisotropy has a significant impact on the local field distribution. The change in the local field can lead to a generalized Clausius-Mossotti equation for the anisotropic case.Comment: Accepted for publications, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

L-functions of Symmetric Products of the Kloosterman Sheaf over Z

The classical $n$-variable Kloosterman sums over the finite field ${\bf F}_p$ give rise to a lisse $\bar {\bf Q}_l$-sheaf ${\rm Kl}_{n+1}$ on ${\bf G}_{m, {\bf F}_p}={\bf P}^1_{{\bf F}_p}-\{0,\infty\}$, which we call the Kloosterman sheaf. Let $L_p({\bf G}_{m,{\bf F}_p}, {\rm Sym}^k{\rm Kl}_{n+1}, s)$ be the $L$-function of the $k$-fold symmetric product of ${\rm Kl}_{n+1}$. We construct an explicit virtual scheme $X$ of finite type over ${\rm Spec} {\bf Z}$ such that the $p$-Euler factor of the zeta function of $X$ coincides with $L_p({\bf G}_{m,{\bf F}_p}, {\rm Sym}^k{\rm Kl}_{n+1}, s)$. We also prove similar results for $\otimes^k {\rm Kl}_{n+1}$ and $\bigwedge^k {\rm Kl}_{n+1}$.Comment: 16 page