Appetite, energy intake and resting metabolic responses to 60 min treadmill running performed in a fasted versus a postprandial state.

This study investigated the effect of fasted and postprandial exercise on appetite, energy intake and resting metabolic responses. Twelve healthy males (mean±SD: age 23±3 years, body mass index 22.9±2.1 kg m(-2), maximum oxygen uptake 57.5±9.7 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed three 10 h experimental trials (control, fasted exercise and postprandial exercise) in a Latin Square design. Trials commenced at 8 am after an overnight fast. Sixty min of treadmill running at ∼70% of maximum oxygen uptake was performed at 0-1 h in the fasted exercise trial and 4-5 h in the postprandial exercise trial. A standardised breakfast was provided at 1.5 h and ad libitum buffet meals at 5.5 and 9.5 h. Appetite ratings and resting expired air samples were collected throughout each trial. Postprandial exercise suppressed appetite to a greater extent than fasted exercise. Ad libitum energy intake was not different between trials, resulting in a negative energy balance in exercise trials relative to control after accounting for differences in energy expenditure (control: 9774±2694 kJ; fasted exercise: 6481±2318 kJ; postprandial exercise: 6017±3050 kJ). These findings suggest that 60 min treadmill running induces a negative daily energy balance relative to a sedentary day but is no more effective when performed before or after breakfast

Tax Evasion, Minimum Wage Non-Compliance and Informality

We study the impact of tax and minimum wage reforms on the incidence of informality. To gauge the incidence of informality, we use measures of the extent of tax evasion, the extent of minimum wage non-compliance, and the size of the informal workforce. Our approach allows us to examine (i) the distinction between determinants of firm-level reported wage distribution and actual wage distribution, (ii) the complementarity of tax and minimum wage enforcement, (iii) the impact that a minimum wage reform has on tax and minimum wage compliance, and (iv) the impact that a tax policy reform has on tax and minimum wage compliance. We conclude with the design of optimal minimum wage and tax policies (even in the complete absence of minimum wage enforcement). We do so based on two objectives derived from popular concerns associated with an unchecked expansion of informality: tax revenue maximization, and poverty alleviation among workers.poverty, flat tax reform, minimum wage reform, tax evasion, informality

Association between generation gap in interest, familiarity and application of information and communication technology

Given the introduction of information and communication technology and its rapid progress in every society, its use and application is different between various social institutions in that it demonstrates the difference between previous and present generation. Hence, the research was conducted in the school year 2012-2013 with the aim of applying information technology among female high school students and their mothers in Gorgan Province. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method; using a cluster sampling, of 34 female schools 8 schools were randomly chosen and 260 students were included in the study out of 1625 students. Using collected questionnaires and information obtained from independent t-test the results indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean of familiarity, interest and mothers' and their children's use of information technology. © Medwell Journals, 2016

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN LATIHAN PROFESI GURU TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SMK NEGERI 11 BANDUNG

Peran guru dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan sangatlah besar.Kinerja guru merupakan salah satu penentu tinggi rendahnya kualitas pendidikan.Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini adalah kurang optimalnya tingkat kinerja guru di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung.Untuk mencapai kualitas kinerja guru yang baik di sekolah dibutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru adalah pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru yang efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru dan tingkat kinerja guru serta pengaruh antara pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru denga kinerja guru.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 54 guru yang telah lulus sertifikasi di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel X yaitu pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru berada pada kategori cukup efektif dan variabel Y yaitu kinerja guru pada kategori cukup tinggi. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung.Nilai koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa korelasi ada pada kategori sedang antara pendidikan dan latihan profesi guru terhadap kinerja guru. ---------- The role of teachers in education are huge. Teacher performance are one of the determinant of the level of education. Background on this research is lessoptimal level of teachers performance SMK 11 Bandung. To achieve good teacher performance quality, school needs human resources that have sufficient skills and knowledge. One of the factor that influence teacher performance is effective education and professional training. The purpose of this research is to know effectiveness sufficient knowledge and skills and teachers performance level also the influence between education and professional training with teacher performance. This research use descriptive and verification methods.Population in this research are 54 teachers that have passed the certification in SMK 11 Bandung. Analysis technique that used is a simple regression analysis. The result show variable X are education and professional training is at effective enough category and variable Y is teacher performance category high enough. Hypothesis testing show that education and professional training had positive and significant impact on the teacher performance SMK 11 Bandung. The correlation coefficient value show that correlation is on moderate category between education and professional training for teacher performance

Effect of zinc oxid on the bentonite ability for removing Methylene blue from solution

A batch adsorption system was applied to study the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by Iraqi bentonite and treated bentonite with different amount of zinc oxide (ZnO). The adsorption capacities of methylene blue onto bentonite were evaluated. The equilibrium between liquid and solid phase was described by Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. Langmuir and Freundlich constants have been determined. The separation factor or equilibrium parameter, RL which is used to predict if an adsorption system is favourable or unfavourable was calculated for all cases