Bacteriological and serological characterisation of slaughter pigs from 25 serologically identified salmonella high risk herds

Danish finishing herds are routinely screened for antibodies to Salmonella in random samples of meat juice from slaughter pigs. The herds are categorized by the seroprevalence of samples from the preceding three months into three infection levels (1, 2 and 3). Herds are allocated to level 3 ( Salmonella high risk herds) at seroprevalences exceeding 33-50% depending on herd size (larger herds lower limit) (Mousing et al., in press)

Influence of dietary administration of organic acids and increased feed structure on S. typhimurium infection in pigs

Several epidemiological investigations and reports from advisors practicing in swine herds have independent of each other pointed out commercial feed mixes compared to home mixed feed and dry feed compared to wet fermented feed to be the most important risk factors for increased Salmonella infection levels in Danish slaughter pigs (Dahl (1997), Stege (1997))

Intracapsular pressure and interleukin-1β cytokine in hips with acetabular dysplasia

Background and purpose Several studies have demonstrated an increased intracapsular pressure in several hip disorders such as septic arthritis, synovitis, and trauma. We therefore measured the intracapsular pressure in different positions in early dysplasic hips and its relation to the concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the volume of joint fluid, and the clinical and radiographic findings before a periacetabular osteotomy

Dual mobility cup reduces dislocation rate after arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hip dislocation after arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures remains a serious complication. The aim of our study was to investigate the dislocation rate in acute femoral neck fracture patients operated with a posterior approach with cemented conventional or dual articulation acetabular components.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We compared the dislocation rate in 56 consecutive patients operated with conventional (single mobility) cemented acetabular components to that in 42 consecutive patients operated with dual articulation acetabular components. All the patients were operated via posterior approach and were followed up to one year postoperatively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 8 dislocations in the 56 patients having conventional components as compared to no dislocations in those 42 having dual articulation components (p = 0.01). The groups were similar with respect to age and gender distribution.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that the use of a cemented dual articulation acetabular component significantly reduces the dislocation rates in femoral neck fracture patients operated via posterior approach.</p

Assessing the risk of Salmonella transmission within primary pork production in Denmark

Since the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (\u27SPS Agreement\u27) under the governance of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), risk analysis has become the standard method for the scientific documentation of risks related to animal products and trade (I). Similar principles have also been adopted in food safety as described by the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (2). The framework of risk analysis appears - therefore to be appropriate for the assessment of salmonella transmission and contamination in the Danish pork production chain

Eradication of multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 infections in 15 Danish swine herds

Multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DTI 04 (=DTI 04) was first isolated in United Kingdom in the 1980s. DT104 was isolated in Denmark for the first time in 1996 (1). Retrospective analysis of isolates detected DTI 04 in a Danish swine herd in 1991. The majority of the Danish isolates are characterized by being resistant to 5 frequently used antibiotics; ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracycline (ACStSuT), but isolates being resistant to e.g. flouroquinolones as well have been detected. DTI 04 is now known as an important and emerging pathogen in many countries (2, 3, 4, 5). DTI 04 has spread rapidly between animals within the herd, between herds and to other species (6). Salmonella \u27JYphimurium DTl 04 remains the second most common Salmonella in humans in England and Wales in 1997,95 pet. of the isolates were resistant to four or more antibiotics with the most common resistance pattern is that of ACStSuT (7). The described combination of the ability to spread rapidly and the multiresistance towards antibiotics used frequently in animals and humans implies that DTI 04 can be a serious problem for both animals and humans. By June 1999 DTI04has been detected in 16 swine herds, 12 combined swine and cattle herds and 2 cattle herds in Denmark. HumaneDTI04 cases have slightly increased in Denmark from 1997 to 1998. DTI04 now accounts for 13 pet. of Salmonella typhimurium phage types compared to 7 pet. in 1997. This increase is explained by the first community outbreak of DTI 04 in Denmark

Control de cambios / Rastrea los cambios / El camino cambia: Reflexiones sobre un mundo en transformación

“Track changes: Reflecting on a transforming world” was the theme chosen to invite panels, papers, posters and alternative presentations to be part of the 2019 international congress of SIEF that was held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia (Spain). This introduction includes a description of the content of the congress, the rationale of the choice of plenaries and some reflections about the outcomes of the congress.El lema elegido para presentar paneles, ponencias, posters y presentaciones en formatos alternativos para el congreso internacional 2019 de SIEF -que tuvo lugar en Santiago de Compostela, Galicia (España)- fue&nbsp;“Track changes: Reflecting on a transforming world”.&nbsp;Esta introducción incluye una descripción del contenido del congreso, la idea para la elección de las plenarias y algunas reflexiones sobre los resultados del congreso. &nbsp

Genetic diversity and stability of the porA allele as a genetic marker in human Campylobacter infection

The major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, encoded by the porA gene, is extremely genetically diverse. Conformational MOMP epitopes are important in host immunity, and variation in surface-exposed regions probably occurs as a result of positive immune selection during infection. porA diversity has been exploited in genotyping studies using highly discriminatory nucleotide sequences to identify potentially epidemiologically linked cases of human campylobacteriosis. To understand the overall nature and extent of porA diversity and stability in C. jejuni and C. coli we investigated sequences in isolates (n=584) obtained from a defined human population (approx. 600 000) over a defined time period (1 year). A total of 196 distinct porA variants were identified. Regions encoding putative extracellular loops were the most variable in both nucleotide sequence and length. Phylogenetic analysis identified three porA allele clusters that originated in (i) predominantly C. jejuni and a few C. coli, (ii) solely C. jejuni or (iii) predominantly C. coli and a few C. jejuni. The stability of porA within an individual human host was investigated using isolates cultured longitudinally from 64 sporadic cases, 27 of which had prolonged infection lasting between 5 and 98 days (the remainder having illness of normal duration, 0–4 days), and 20 cases from family outbreaks. Evidence of mutation was detected in two patients with prolonged illness. Despite demonstrable positive immune selection in these two unusual cases, the persistence of numerous variants within the population indicated that the porA allele is a valuable tool for use in extended typing schemes

Incidence trend and risk factors for campylobacter infections in humans in Norway

BACKGROUND: The objectives of the study were to evaluate whether the increase in incidence of campylobacteriosis observed in humans in Norway from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant and whether different biologically plausible risk factors were associated with the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the different counties in Norway. METHODS: To model the incidence of domestically acquired campylobacteriosis from 1995 to 2001, a population average random effect poisson model was applied (the trend model). To case data and assumed risk-factor/protective data such as sale of chicken, receiving treated drinking water, density of dogs and grazing animals, occupation of people in the municipalities and climatic factors from 2000 and 2001, an equivalent model accounting for geographical clustering was applied (the ecological model). RESULTS: The increase in incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans in Norway from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant from 1998. Treated water was a protective factor against Campylobacter infections in humans with an IRR of 0.78 per percentage increase in people supplied. The two-level modelling technique showed no evidence of clustering of campylobacteriosis in any particular county. Aggregation of data on municipality level makes interpretation of the results at the individual level difficult. CONCLUSION: The increase in incidence of Campylobacter infections in humans from 1995 to 2001 was statistically significant from 1998. Treated water was a protective factor against Campylobacter infections in humans with an IRR of 0.78 per percentage increase in people supplied. Campylobacter infections did not appear to be clustered in any particular county in Norway

Testing Gait with Ankle-Foot Orthoses in Children with Cerebral Palsy by Using Functional Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance

Dr Morrissey is part funded by the NIHR/HEE Senior Clinical Lecturer scheme. Tis report presents independent research part-funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) CAT SCL-2013-04-00