Water resources potentials of Hadejia River Sub-catchment of Komadugu Yobe River Basin in Nigeria

A. Sobowale1, J. K. Adewumi1, J. A. Otun2, D. B. Adie2(1. Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Nigeria;2. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Nigeria) Abstract: A water audit of the Hadejia river sub-catchment of Komadugu Yobe River basin of Nigeria (KYB) has been carried out.  The available water in this sub-catchment was compared with existing and potential water demands; results show that about 2,619 million cubic meters (MCM) of surface water is available annually upstream of Wudil (HS 1), 658 MCM is available between Wudil and Hadejia (HS 2), while 905 MCM is available between Hadejia and Gashua (HS 3).  Analysis of direct ground water recharge revealed that 86 mm, 94 mm and 8 mm of water is recharged to groundwater annually in the three hydrological sections HS 1, HS 2 and HS 3 respectively.  It is obvious that the least ground water recharge takes place in the Hadejia - Nguru Wetlands.  Presently, no water stress was observed in the sub catchment, the potential water balance of the area shows that about 75% of the available water between Wudil and Hadejia section (HS 2) would be used up by 2010 going by the current development rate.  Projections show that the water use rate will reach 100% by 2018.  At this time, water scarcity will be experienced in this sub-catchment if urgent steps are not taken to address the situation.  Integrated water resources management (IWRM) strategies were advanced for the sub-catchment in order to avert the crisis.Keywords: water resources potentials, water budget, river catchment system, soil moisture deficit, runoff, recharge, Nigeria Citation: Sobowale A, J K Adewumi, J A Otun, and D B Adie.  Water resources potentials of Hadejia River Sub - catchment of Komadugu Yobe River Basin in Nigeria.  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(2): 1-6.  &nbsp

Low Cost Constant – Head Drip Irrigation Emitter for Climate Change Adaptation in Nigeria: Engineering Design and Calibration

A low cost constant – head emitter for drip irrigation was developed using cheap and readily available materials as a substitute for the imported drip emitters which deter the adoption of drip irrigation in sub – Saharan Africa (SSA). The emitter was calibrated at both laboratory scale and on the field. The drip system comprises of abarrel, sub-main line, lateral lines, tubes and emitters, it can irrigate140 crop stands and can be extended to 560 stands. The emitters produced a mean discharge and emission uniformity (Eu) of 1.60l/hr. and 74 % respectively; while the calibrated manufacturer’s coefficient of variation and distribution uniformity of discharge were 0.098 and 86.3% respectively. The system operates under low pressure (87.9 mbar) and can deliver the daily crop water requirement of a crop like maize in 20 minutes; the overall system performance based on field calibration is generally satisfactory and show potential for improvement when compared with global standards for drip systems. The system’s low cost of N15, 870 ($79) gives it an edge over existing locally developed drip systems, the low technology and the use of locally available materials coupled with the water savings will enable famers to adapt to the impact of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa through the production of high value crops in the dry season.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v34i4.3

Adaptation of an internet-based depression prevention intervention for Chinese adolescents: from "CATCH-IT" to "grasp the opportunity"

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Neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective Methods Whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC-ICH) has a better outcome compared to ICH associated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA-ICH) is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality. All outcomes were assessed in multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ICH location, and intraventricular hemorrhage extension. Results Interpretation We included 7 eligible studies comprising 219 NOAC-ICH and 831 VKA-ICH patients (mean age = 77 years, 52.5% females). The 30-day mortality was similar between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH (24.3% vs 26.5%; hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67-1.31). However, in multivariate analyses adjusting for potential confounders, NOAC-ICH was associated with lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (linear regression coefficient = -2.83, 95% CI = -5.28 to -0.38), lower likelihood of severe stroke (NIHSS > 10 points) on admission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30-0.84), and smaller baseline hematoma volume (linear regression coefficient = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.16). The two groups did not differ in the likelihood of baseline hematoma volume <30cm(3) (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.81-1.62), hematoma expansion (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.63-1.48), in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.49-1.11), functional status at discharge (common OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.57-1.07), or functional status at 3 months (common OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.75-1.43). Although functional outcome at discharge, 1 month, or 3 months was comparable after NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH, patients with NOAC-ICH had smaller baseline hematoma volumes and less severe acute stroke syndromes. Ann Neurol 2018;84:702-712Peer reviewe

Bridging the language barrier: the use of interpreters in primary care nursing

<p>Language barriers present a major obstacle to minority ethnic communities accessing primary healthcare. Whereas it is recognised that interpreting services are generally inadequate and inappropriate reliance is placed on family members to interpret, little is known about how nurses working in primary care utilise interpreters to overcome language barriers. The present paper reports on a study examining the utilisation of interpreting services by a range of primary care nurses from the perspectives of the nurses, interpreters and minority ethnic communities. Focus groups were undertaken with five separate groups of district nurses, health visitors, practice nurses, community midwives and specialist nurses, three groups of interpreters from different interpreting services, and five groups of participants from the main community languages in the locality where the study was undertaken (i.e. Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Somali and Urdu). Focus group discussions were tape-recorded and subsequently transcribed. Data analysis drew upon the principles of 'framework' analysis. The use of interpreters by primary care nurses varied considerably. Nurses who had received training in using interpreters and who had most control over the timing of patient visits were more likely to use interpreting services. Inadequate training of both nurses and interpreters adversely affected the quality of interaction where interpreters were used. Primary care nurses acted as gatekeepers to interpreting services. Whereas interpreting services were generally perceived to be inadequate, many nurses were accepting of the status quo and prepared to rely on family members to interpret rather than champion the need to improve services.</p

Growth inhibition of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg by isolates of Trichoderma pseudokoningii strains from maize plant parts and its rhizosphere

Ability of five strains of Trichoderma pseudokoningii (antagonists) to sup-press radial growth of Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (=Fusarium moniliformeSheldon) was examined in vitro. These were T. pseudokoningiistrain1 (IMI 380933), strain2 (IMI 380937), strain3 (IMI 3809 39), strain4 (IMI 380940) and strain5 (IMI 380941). Each strain was paired with pathogen by inoculating at opposite ends of 9 cm petri plates using three pairing methods. Gradings were assigned to varied growth inhibition of pathogen by antagonists and analysed using GLM procedure (SAS). Growth suppression of F. verticillioidesby all strains of T. Pseudokoningii was significantly different (R2=0.98, p=0.05) from control in all pairing methods. It differed significantly (p>0.0003) among the strains in all pairing methods. Growth suppression also differed significantly among (p>0.0001) and within (p>0.018) pairingmethods. Growth suppression was best when antagonists were inoculated before pathogen. Suppression mechanisms include mycoparasitism and competition for space and nutrients. T. pseudokoningiistrains 3 and 4 had the best (p=0.05) growth suppression of F. verticillioides and could be used as biocontrol agents for endophytic F. verticillioidesin maize plant. This experiment was conducted in the search for resident microorganisms that might be capable of checking F. verticillioides within maize plant by competitive exclusion in subsequent experiments