Sentiment Analysis on IMDb Movie Reviews Using Hybrid Feature Extraction Method

Social Networking sites have become popular and common places for sharing wide range of emotions through short texts. These emotions include happiness, sadness, anxiety, fear, etc. Analyzing short texts helps in identifying the sentiment expressed by the crowd. Sentiment Analysis on IMDb movie reviews identifies the overall sentiment or opinion expressed by a reviewer towards a movie. Many researchers are working on pruning the sentiment analysis model that clearly identifies and distinguishes between a positive review and a negative review. In the proposed work, we show that the use of Hybrid features obtained by concatenating Machine Learning features (TF, TF-IDF) with Lexicon features (Positive-Negative word count, Connotation) gives better results both in terms of accuracy and complexity when tested against classifiers like SVM, Naïve Bayes, KNN and Maximum Entropy. The proposed model clearly differentiates between a positive review and negative review. Since understanding the context of the reviews plays an important role in classification, using hybrid features helps in capturing the context of the movie reviews and hence increases the accuracy of classification

Phospholipase, proteinase, esterase and haemolytic activity of Candida species isolated from oral cavity and its antifungal susceptibility pattern

Background: Candida species is a normal commensal flora of human body inhabiting the skin, mucous membrane and gastro intestinal tract but may be associated with superficial and deep-seated fungal infections. The switch of Candida species from commensal to a potent pathogen, is facilitated by various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to estimate the phospholipase, proteinase, haemolysin and esterase activity of Candida species and to determine the antifungal susceptibility. Methods: Total 100 isolates of Candida spp. were collected from diagnostic microbiology laboratories in central Kerala. Phospholipase, proteinase, esterase and haemolytic activity was determined by early defined methods of Price et al, Aoki et al, Walter Rudek and Manns et al, respectively. Results: C. tropicalis exhibited highest phospholipase, proteinase and esterase activity followed by C. albicans and C. krusei. C.albicans shows highest haemolytic activity followed by C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Conclusions: Extracellular enzymes, phospholipase, proteinase, esterase and haemolysin was detected among Candida species in the present study

Detection of colistin susceptibility in extended spectrum β lactamases positive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinical isolates by broth disc elution method

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats in human health. Extended spectrum β lactamases mediated resistance is prevalent worldwide, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli leap out as this significant ESBL producers conferring resistance to the expanded spectrum cephalosporins. Colistin is being administered as last line therapy for patients that have failed to respond to other available antibiotics that are active against Gram-negative bacteria. Methods: The present study was conducted at school of medical education Kottayam, Kerala from January 2023 to November 2023.During the period of study 150 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 136 isolates of E. coli were collected from various diagnostic microbiology laboratories in Kerala. The colistin susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing isolates was detected by broth disc elution method recommended by CLSI. Results: In this study prevalence of multi-drug resistant is 6% and 9.6% and Extensively-drug resistant is 62% and 63.9% for K. pneumoniae and E. coli respectively. ESBL production was detected as 72% in K. pneumoniae and 79% in E. coli. The colistin susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli was detected as 76.9% and 87.9% respectively Conclusions: Our result demonstrated that the recent use of colistin as last resort treatment for extensively drug resistant gram-negative bacilli, it is essential to know the prevalence of susceptibility pattern to this antibiotic

Educational and Immersive Game Development

Educational Systems have remained the same for decades while the technology and its effect on our daily lives has undergone tremendous progress. Technology has been incorporated in various other fields with great success while education has been conservative and slow to adapt, this has been problematic in a number of ways, since entertainment, news, social media have evolved to better suit the human psyche. This creates a gap between these aforementioned systems and education where education is way behind in terms of engagement and immersion compared to entertainment and such. We propose one way to tackle this divide is to use “Educational Games” which use technology to make education engaging and entertainin

Biochemical Changes during Plantlet Regeneration in Two Accessions of Mucuna pruriens

The genus Mucuna is an important medicinal herb and is extensively used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for various ailments. In vitro culture technique provides an alternative to plant propagation and germplasm conservation. Our aim was to study the biochemical changes occurring during regeneration of shoots (plantlets) from explants of two accessions of Mucuna pruriens, by monitoring the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and changes in levels of some hydrolytic enzymes. A rapid micropropagation system was developed using Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with BAP and IAA combined. In both the accessions, 3.0mg l-1 6-BAP, in combination with 0.2mg l-1 IAA, induced shoot buds and shoot elongation; however for multiple-shoot induction, a slightly higher concentration of cytokinin, i.e., 3.5mg l-16-BAP, in combination with 0.2mg l-1 IAA, was required. Results of the present study confirm an active growth of explants revealed by nitrate assimilation enzymes and hydrolytic enzymes. It is concluded that medium composition, growth regulator combination and culture incubation conditions are all vital in both the accessions of Mucuna pruriens for induction of in vitro plant regeneration

Study of antimicrobial resistance profile and efflux mediated drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa detected by ethidium bromide-agar Cartwheel method

Background: Development of antibiotic resistance or multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major causes of treatment failure of bacterial infections and has rapidly evolved into a threat to global health care. Bacterial efflux pumps play a significant role in the development of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluates the prevalence of efflux pump- mediated drug resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.Methods: Clinical isolates (n=100) of P. aeruginosa were collected from various clinical laboratories in Kerala and their efflux mediated drug resistance detected by the ethidium bromide (EB) agar Cartwheel method.Results: The EB agar cartwheel method of screening revealed efflux activity in 17% (n=17) strains. The efflux activity was revealed at a minimum concentration of EB at 0 mg/l. P. aeruginosa strains showed the highest activity up to a concentration of 2.5 mg/l.Conclusions: This study discusses the emergence of efflux pump- mediated drug resistance in P. aeruginosa from various clinical samples. Our results showed that 17% drug resistance in P. aeruginosa is attributable to efflux related mechanisms.

Carica Papaya’s Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Properties – A Review

The Carica papaya originates from the Caricaceae family, and various members of this family have been used as treatments for a range of ailments. The perennial plant C. papaya, which is currently found over the whole tropical region, is thought to have originated in the southern region of Mexico. To assess the biological activity of distinct C. papaya sections, several scientific studies have been carried out. Since ancient times, the papaya plant's many components have been employed for medicinal purposes. In this article, the process of extracting Carica papaya leaves as well as the anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties of papaya leaf activity were all things we wanted to assess. The information for this review paper, which focuses mostly on the therapeutic potential of papaya leaf extract was obtained via researching a collection of wider internet databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Elsevier. The papaya plant, which has different parts such as fruit, leaves, seeds, bark, latex, and other substances, is very important in controlling the spread of illness. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids are just a few of the bioactive constituents in this, we focused on the papaya plant leaf's anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. The papaya has a wide range of therapeutic qualities. Papaya is a potent remedy, according to traditional beliefs. Biological activities have been the subject of much research. In the current review, all the pharmacological applications and activities of certain chemical components are discussed

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus against clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae: an in vitro study

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae that can cause severe nosocomial infections particularly in immuno-compromised individuals. They exhibit co-resistance to multiple antibiotics which emphasize the need for non-antibiotic therapies. The goal of the presented study was to investigate the antimicrobial ability of probiotic Lactobacilli on clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, antimicrobial activities of probiotic L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus on K. pneumoniae were evaluated by Agar overlay interference technique. Clear zone around Lactobacilli were taken as positive inhibition. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of K. pneumoniae were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, analyzed using interpretive standards of CLSI M100-S33 and categorized into MDR, XDR and Non MDR groups. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error and inferential statistics such as ANOVA single factor. Results: K. pneumoniae exhibited positive inhibition with both the probiotic strain. On comparing the zone of inhibition of L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus (both treated-pH adjusted and untreated), L. acidophilus had greater zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae but concluded that statistically the values are insignificant (p>0.05). Based on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of K. pneumoniae, 63% of isolates were XDR, 3% were MDR and 34% were Non MDR Conclusions: It can be concluded that L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus had significant inhibitory effect against K. pneumoniae in vitro and should be further studied for their human health benefit

Evaluation of Chitin as Natural Coagulant in Water Treatment

The use of synthetic coagulants is not regarded as suitable due to health and economic considerations. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alum as coagulant in conjunction with chitin as coagulant aid on the removal of turbidity, hardness and Escherichia coli from water. A conventional jar test apparatus was employed for the tests. The experiment was conducted at three different pH conditions of 6, 7 and 8. The dosages chosen were 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg/l. The results showed that turbidity decrease provided also a primary Escherichia coli reduction. Hardness removal efficiency was observed to be 93% at pH 7 with 1mg/l concentration by alum whereas chitin was stable at all the pH ranges showing highest removal at 1 and 1.5mg/l with pH 7. At low concentration chitin showed marginally better performance on hardness. In conclusion, using natural coagulants results in considerable savings in chemicals and sludge handling cost may be achieved