Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellaceae) does not secrete autoinhibitors at high cell densities

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141950/1/ajb211559.pd

Enhancing performance properties of conventional leather finishing topcoat by incorporating metal oxide based formulations

Content: ZnO nanoparticles were developed by 1:2 ratios of Zinc sulphate heptahydrate and Sodium hydroxide by using precipitation method. The structure, morphology of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated by using XRay Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission electron Microscopy. X-Ray Diffraction confirms the formation and average crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies shows the ZnO nanoparticles were in spherical in structure. These ZnO nanoparticles were used in different ratios along with conventional finishing formulations and coated on the leather surface. The performance properties such as water fastness, rub fastness and flexing resistance were evaluated. Application of ZnO nanoparticles in leather finishing showed significant improvement in overall performance properties than conventional finishing formulations. XRD confirms the formation of ZnO nanoparticles (wurtzite structure) at 36.67° (101) plane and the particles size was in the range of 43 nm. SEM image shows that the particles are in the spherical structure wheras EDAX investigate the stoichiometry and chemical purity of the samples to confirm the presence of zinc and oxygen. Optimum quantity up to 2-5 g/L of the season of ZnO nanoparticle is desirable for upgrading the value of leathers by improving color fastness to water, rub fastness and flexing resistance (wet & dry) properties significantly in cationic (wet), NC lacquer emulsions and PU top coat dispersions in finishing formulations. Take-Away: Optimum quantity up to 2-5 g/L of the season of ZnO nanoparticle is desirable for upgrading the value of leathers by improving color fastness to water, rub fastness and flexing resistance (wet & dry) properties significantly in cationic (wet), NC lacquer emulsions and PU top coat dispersions in finishing formulations

First results from the CAWSES-India Tidal Campaign

The first CAWSES-India Tidal Campaign was conducted by the Indian scientific community during March–April 2006. The objectives of this campaign were: (1) To determine the characteristics of tides in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (0–20 km) and mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (80–100 km), (2) to explore and identify what lower atmospheric processes drive middle atmospheric tides in the Indian continental region and (3) to provide information on those short-term variabilities of MLT tides that are likely to have an impact on the ionospheric variabilities and contribute to the upper atmospheric weather. Data sets from experiments conducted at the three low latitude radar sites, namely, Trivandrum (8.5° N, 76.9° E), Tirunelveli (8.7° N, 77.8° E) and Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and fortnightly rocket launches from Thumba were made use of in this study. An important observational finding reported in this work is that the radar observations at Tirunelveli/Trivandrum indicate the presence of 15–20 day modulation of diurnal tide activity at MLT heights during the February–March period. A similar variation in the OLR fields in the western Pacific (120–160° longitude region) suggests a possible link between the observed tidal variabilities and the variations in the deep tropical convection through the nonmigrating tides it generates

Assessment of Corrected Q-T Interval during Hypoglycemic Episodes in Diabetic Patients

INTRODUCTION: In an adult human, hypoglycaemia causes physiological responses in the form of autonomic activation, principally of the Sympatho-adrenal system, and results in secretion of adrenaline and end-organ stimulation. Blood supply is increased to the myocardium, the brain, the splanchnic circulation. The following hemodynamic changes will occur in our body such as elevation of heart rate and peripheral systolic Bp, a fall in central bloodpressure, decrease in peripheral arterial resistance, and increased myocardial contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac output due to hypoglycaemia. The workload of the heart is temporarily increased. Patients with normal cardiovascular system can tolerate this transient cardiac stress. But patients who are all having DM and other risk factors cannot tolerate this transient myocardial stress and develop complications like arrhythmias and sudden cardiac cardiac death. In non-diabetic individuals arteries will be more elastic during hypoglycaemic state with decline in arterial wall stiff ness. But patients with diabetes, arterial wall stiffness is greater and arteries will become less elastic during hypoglycaemia. These changes cause hemodynamic abnormality like lesser fall in central aortic pressure. This progressive stiffness of arterial wall reduces myocardial perfusion and promotes myocardial ischemia. Hypoglycaemia causes ST Segment changes and lengthening of QT interval and cardiac repolarisation abnormalities. This causes in coordinated contraction of cardiac muscles. Profuse release of catecholamine causes hypokalaemia. All these changes causes cardiac rhythm abnormality such as ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation. The increased sympathetic activity and concurrent secretion of hormones like endothelin causes vasoconstriction abnormalities in viscosity. Viscosity - Increased erythrocyte concentration. Coagulation-platelet activation, raise in factor VIII, von willebrand factor Endothelial dysfunction-increase in CRP. These changes promote intravascular coagulation and thrombosis. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the corrected Q-T interval during hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients with respect to their baseline characteristics- sex, Type of Diabetes, duration of Diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selection Of Study Subjects: This study is to be conducted in diabetic patients who are all admitted in medical ward with symptoms of severe hypoglycemia at Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined in this study, as the condition requiring active medical intervention such as carbohydrate administration when plasma sugar level was <60 mg/dl. I categorise the patients into 4 groups according to their blood sugar levels. Cat I—60-50 mg/dl, Cat II—40-50 mg/dl, Cat III—30-40mg/dl, Cat IV--<30 mg/dl. Study Population: 100 cases. RESULTS: Out of 100 cases 75 patients developed Q-T c prolongation. 24 patients from Cat-1& 2 and 51 patients from Cat-3&4 are developed Q-T prolongation in our study with significant p value of .048. In our study 448 ms was a mean Q-T interval in Cat I. As the blood sugar level decreases Q-T prolongation increases up to 519 ms in Cat IV. P value-0.001 . In our study 4 patients in Category -III ,6 patients in Category-IV developed arrhythmias with statistically significant P value of 0.010. Chi square value-6.67 . In our study 5 patients were died due to arrhythmias in Category -IV and 1 patient died in Category- III. There were no deaths observed in Category I & II with statistically significant P value of 0.047. CONCLUSION: From our study we conclude, that Incidence of QTc prolongation is more with severe hypoglycemia. Q-T c interval more than 500millisecond causes Arrhythmia, thereby causing sudden cardiac death. Repolarization abnormality is the most common cause of arrhythmia in severe hypoglycemia (1). Deaths due to severe hypoglycemia are most common in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Duration of diabetes mellitus is also a risk factor for developing arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (19)

Hot Corrosion of Weldments

Hot corrosion of the weldment is the result of the reaction between oxidation and sulfidation, which affects welded joints exposed to combustion gases containing sulfate coal ash at high temperature. It is also demonstrated that welding processes, weld consumables, temperature of exposure, and mixture of salt environment are important factors in hot corrosion of the weldment

समुद्रातील पिंजऱ्यात करावयाच्या मत्स्यशोतिसाठी स्थळ आणि प्रजाती यांची निवड

Cage culture is an utilisation of existing water bodies with little or no economic costs. The selection of a suitable site for a cage farm is indispensible for their effective function, particularly in relation to proper water quality within the cage and reduced environmental impacts around the cage and for the economic viability of the cage farm. The natural tolerance of species should be studied for assessment of suitable site

Effect of Oil Pulling with Sesame Oil on Plaque-induced Gingivitis: A Microbiological Study

Oil pulling’ or ‘oil swishing’ is a traditional Indian folk remedy&nbsp;that has both dental and systemic effects. This study has been&nbsp;conducted to evaluate the effect of oil pulling with sesameoil on plaque, gingivitis and colony forming bacteria. For this&nbsp;study we selected 40 subjects with mild to moderate plaque&nbsp;and gingivitis. 20 of them performed oil pulling for 45 days,using sesame oil and the rest 20 continued with their normal&nbsp;oral hygiene measures. Their plaque and gingival scores and&nbsp;colony forming unit counts were assessed before and after oil&nbsp;pulling. Oil pulling resulted in a statistically significant decrease&nbsp;in plaque, gingival scores and number of bacteria in the mouth.&nbsp;This paper explains about the dental benefits of oil pulling on&nbsp;plaque, gingivitis and mouth residing bacteria

Validated RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Losartan Potassium and Metolazone in Bulk Drug and Formulation

A HPLC method has been described for simultaneous determination of Losartan potassium and Metolazone in formulation. This method is based on a HPLC separation of the two drugs on the Thermo Hypersil BDS–C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with isocratic conditions and a simple mobile phase containing acetonitrile:water (60:40) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min using UV detection at 237 nm. This method has been applied to a marketed formulation without interference of excipients. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL for Losartan potassium and 0.2–1.2 μg/mL for Metolazone, respectively. The method was validated for precision, robustness and recovery. Statistical analysis showed that the method is repeatable and selective for the estimation of Losartan potassium and Metolazone

Genome wide characterization of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in Apostasia shenzhenica, a primeval orchid

In the present study, we report identification and characterization of the plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in Apostasia shenzhenica, a primeval orchid. WOX proteins are DNA-binding WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) encoding transcription factors that play critical role in zygote patterning, embryo development, organogenesis, florigenesis, stress responses etc. Ten putative AsWOX genes were predicted in the A. shenzhenica genome and were characterized by the presence of DNA-binding helix-loop-helix-turn-helix motif. AsWOX proteins were grouped into three clades, ancient, intermediate and WUS on the basis of sequence homology with Arabidopsis thaliana (AtWOX), Oryza sativa (OsWOX), Phalaenopsis equestris (PeWOX) and Dendrobium catenatum (DcWOX) and their phylogenetic relationship was established. Gene structure analysis revealed that three AsWOX genes had two introns, six genes had a single intron, and one gene was intron-less. Expression profiling in a variety of tissue (tubers, seeds and pollens) was analysed in light of the presence of specific cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region and their role in various developmental processes was discussed. Three dimensional structures were predicted for three selected AsWOX proteins representing the three clades. The present study provides insights to the role of AsWOX gene family in various vital developmental processes, establishes phylogenetic relationships with related plant species and provides a platform for functional validation of specific AsWOX genes