Optimal formation of supplier networks for product design and production phases to realize an evolving product family

Due to rapid changes in customer requirements and vast improvements in technology, many product development companies have identified strategies like time-to-market (TTM) compression and product family development as critical for attaining success in today\u27s hyper-competitive markets. Compressing the TTM, to a large extent, is dependent on the suppliers and the project execution skills of the integrator companies. This study presents a methodology for selecting suppliers for two significant phases of the product realization process, namely, product design and production. The proposed methodology uses a two-stage approach for supplier selection where suppliers for product design are selected in the first stage and suppliers for production are selected in the second stage. These suppliers cater to the evolving customer requirements over a given planning horizon. Apart from using traditional supplier selection metrics such as cost and time, this study also considers the inter-supplier and supplier-integrator communication effectiveness --Abstract, page iv

Studies on the influence of Microcystis aeruginosa on the ecology and fish production of carp culture ponds

In many fish ponds, blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) constitute the greater part of the phytoplankton. Of the blue-green algae common in fish ponds, Microcystis aeruginosa is said to be a noxious species. Itsometimes forms spectacular water blooms, often with harmful consequences such as depletion of oxygen, poor growth of fish and even mass mortality among the fish. The present study was aimed atinvestigating the influence of different levels of M. aeruginosa on the water quality and fish production of carp culture ponds. For the present study, three carp culture ponds with high, moderate and low levels ofM. aeruginosa were selected. In the three ponds, physico-chemical parameters of water, phyto- and zooplankton and fish production were studied. The results indicated that the fish yield was low withconcomitant fish mortalities in the pond with high levels of M. aeruginosa compared to the other two ponds. The influence of the different levels of M. aeruginosa on other planktonic groups and in turn their effect on fish production were analyzed and discussed in the light of the existing literature

Essentiality of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism for photosynthesis: optimization of carbon assimilation and protection against photoinhibition

The review emphasizes the essentiality of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism for photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Photosynthetic activity in chloroplasts and oxidative metabolism in mitochondria interact with each other and stimulate their activities. During light, the partially modified TCA cycle supplies oxoglutarate to cytosol and chloroplasts. The marked stimulation of O2 uptake after few minutes of photosynthetic activity, termed as light enhanced dark respiration (LEDR), is now a well-known phenomenon. Both the cytochrome and alternative pathways of mitochondrial electron transport are important in such interactions. The function of chloroplast is optimized by the complementary nature of mitochondrial metabolism in multiple ways: facilitation of export of excess reduced equivalents from chloroplasts, shortening of photosynthetic induction, maintenance of photorespiratory activity, and supply of ATP for sucrose biosynthesis as well as other cytosolic needs. Further, the mitochondrial oxidative electron transport and phosphorylation also protects chloroplasts against photoinhibition. Besides mitochondrial respiration, reducing equivalents (and ATP) are used for other metabolic phenomena, such as sulfur or nitrogen metabolism and photorespiration. These reactions often involve peroxisomes and cytosol. The beneficial interaction between chloroplasts and mitochondria therefore extends invariably to also peroxisomes and cytosol. While the interorganelle exchange of metabolites is the known basis of such interaction, further experiments are warranted to identify other biochemical signals between them. The uses of techniques such as on-line mass spectrometric measurement, novel mutants/transgenics, and variability in metabolism by growth conditions hold a high promise to help the plant biologist to understand this interesting topic

Study on antibiotic use among geriatric patients based on anatomical therapeutic classification or defined daily dose methodology and world health organization-essential medicine list access, watch and reserve concept in tertiary care hospital of South India

Background: Geriatric patients are more vulnerable to infections and need special consideration on antibiotic use. Resistance to antibiotics among infectious bacteria has developed within a short span. There is a direct correlation between the consumption of antibiotics and the development of resistance. And surprisingly very few literatures were available on antibiotic consumption in geriatric population using defined daily dose (DDD) concept which paved the idea to conduct this study.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 206 prescriptions of elderly patients were included in the study. The antibiotics were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and DDD indicator/1000 inhabitants/day (DID) was used to figure out antibiotic consumption.Results: About 25.2% of patients were treated with antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. The patients received antibiotics empirically (53.8%) and without bacteriological investigation (58.73%). The overall consumption of antibiotics was 20.47 DID in which oral antibiotics was (8.5 DID) 42% and parenteral antibiotics (11.8 DID) 58%. Cephalosporins was observed to be the most consumed antibiotics (33.2%), specifically cefotaxime (14.6%) and ceftriaxone (12.6%). Moreover, 54.4% of antibiotics consumed from watch category of World Health Organisation (WHO) essential medicines list (EML) which was completely against WHO standard proportion.Conclusions: Higher consumption of cephalosporins, which falls into watch category was analysed in geriatric patients. These broad-spectrum antibiotics have high potential to develop antimicrobial resistance. A strict antibiotic policy is needed to be framed that enhance rational prescribing practices in geriatrics

A Scientific Metaphorical Study of Savrana Shukla to corneal ulcer with special reference to Keratitis of Infective origin

Cornea being most anterior part of the eyeball, contributes 65-75 percent of the eyes total focusing power. Since Cornea acts as barrier against dirt, germs and other particles that can harm the eye they are prone to get infected easily as it comes in direct contact with external environment. In any inflammatory pathology in cornea affecting the deeper layers will give a permanent scar or removal of globe when complications occurs. Our Acharyas have narrated such conditions under Krishna Mandala Rogas with management, which helps to avoid complications and recurrences. The explanation of the diseases along with treatment principles are similar in the Modern Ophthalmology even today. Among the vast classification of inflammatory conditions of cornea, the primary type is mainly due to various type of infection. Thus in this area of topic Savrana Sukra in correlation to Inflammatory conditions of Cornea will be confined, aiming for the Ayurveda understanding, review of management principles which can be an effective and safer approach to the conditions which are sight threatening, nonhealing and high recurrent rates

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RASAOUSHADIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NETRA ROGAS (EYE DISEASES)

In Ayurveda chikitsa paddhati, Rasa oushadhis has been considered more useful and effective as they are more advantageous due to their unique benefits over the other preparations. Medicines described to manage different diseases in our classical texts contain different sources like plants, marine, animals, minerals and metals. All these are formulated in such a way that it suits well to our body. This clearly states that there were usage of herbomineral preparations in therapeutics which includes for Netrarogas also. These preparations are significant in many chronic and challenging eye disorders of this era which lacks curative rate and has high recurrences.To deal such challenging disorders of the Eye whether chronic or newly existing, essential to review and re-establish the importance of Rasa oushadhis which are explained by our Acharyas pertaining to Netra rogas, with regard to its route of administration and posology. For this Review work, information were compiled from different texts according to Rasadravyas mentioned as Chakshushya and to treat Netra rogas i.e., Maharasa, Uparasa, Sadharanrasa, Dhatu, Ratna, Sudha varga. Further the different Yogas of Netra Roga containing Rasadravyas as one of the ingredients is compiled as an attempt to establish Rasaushadhi - the need of the hour for Netra Rogas

A FRAMEWORK FOR APPLYING SAME FILTER TO DIFFERENT SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM

Over the years, many techniques that exploit the filters’ structure and properties to achieve fault tolerance have been proposed. The TMR, which triplicates the design and adds voting logic to correct errors, is commonly used. However, it more than triples the area and power of the circuit, something that may not be acceptable in some applications.  Digital filters are widely used in signal processing and communication systems. In some cases, the reliability of those systems is critical, and fault tolerant filter implementations are needed. As technology scales, it enables more complex systems that incorporate many filters. In those complex systems, it is common that some of the filters operate in parallel, for example, by applying the same filter to different input signals. Recently, a simple technique that exploits the presence of parallel filters to achieve fault tolerance has been presented. In this brief, that idea is generalized to show that parallel filters can be protected using error correction codes (ECCs) in which each filter is the equivalent of a bit in a traditional ECC. The technique is evaluated using a case study of parallel finite impulse response filters showing the effectiveness in terms of protection and implementation cost. This new scheme allows more efficient protection when the number of parallel filters is large