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Incidence of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus among in-patients treated for COVID-19 infection in tertiary care centre

Background: Glucocorticoids are one of the most effective lifesaving treatments for severe COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to review the incidence of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes and its associated risk factors in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, Hassan institute of medical sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2021. Data were collected from the medical record department of all RTPCR/RAT-positive cases of COVID-19 patients admitted and treated for COVID-19, with a sample size of 521 patients. Results: In the present study of 521 patients with COVID-19 who received glucocorticoid therapy, 72 (13.8%) of the patients experienced GI-DM. In our series of 521 patients treated with steroid for respiratory diseases, old age and chronic smoking was an independent risk factor for GI-DM. Glucose tolerance declines progressively with age, resulting in a high incidence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the old population. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found that 13.8% of in-patients treated for COVID-19 infection in a tertiary care centre developed GI-DM. The incidence of GI-DM was higher among patients who were older, had a history of smoking, and had hyperlipidaemia or malignancy. The study highlights the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels in patients receiving steroids for the treatment of COVID-19. Additionally, the results suggest that patients with certain risk factors may benefit from closer monitoring of blood glucose levels

Influence of excipient type and level on quality control parameters of tablets formulated from polysaccharides matrix system

In the present study, mucilage from leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. was extracted and physico-chemical parameters like swelling ratio and angle of repose were determined. Diclofenac sodium matrix tablets containing dried mucilage of H. rosa-sinensis were prepared by direct compression (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). Level and type of excipients influence on drug release, as well as water uptake and mass loss studies were carried out. Stability study of tablets was carried out at 40 °C and 75 % RH for three months. The dried mucilage powder shows superior swelling in all three different media. Batches H and N full fills the entire set criterion. Drug release kinetics from these formulations corresponded best to the zero-order kinetics. There was no significant effect of agitation speed on water uptake while mass loss was significantly affected by agitation speeds of prepared tablets. Tablets are stable after storage.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Chandra High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of AM Her

We present the results of high resolution spectroscopy of the prototype polar AM Herculis observed with Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating. The X-ray spectrum contains hydrogen-like and helium-like lines of Fe, S, Si, Mg, Ne and O with several Fe L-shell emission lines. The forbidden lines in the spectrum are generally weak whereas the hydrogen-like lines are stronger suggesting that emission from a multi-temperature, collisionally ionized plasma dominates. The helium-like line flux ratios yield a plasma temperature of 2 MK and a plasma density 1 - 9 x10^12 cm^-3, whereas the line flux ratio of Fe XXVI to Fe XXV gives an ionization temperature of 12.4 +1.1 -1.4 keV. We present the differential emission measure distribution of AM Her whose shape is consistent with the volume emission measure obtained by multi-temperature APEC model. The multi-temperature plasma model fit to the average X-ray spectrum indicates the mass of the white dwarf to be ~1.15 M_sun. From phase resolved spectroscopy, we find the line centers of Mg XII, S XVI, resonance line of Fe XXV, and Fe XXVI emission modulated by a few hundred to 1000 km/s from the theoretically expected values indicating bulk motion of ionized matter in the accretion column of AM Her. The observed velocities of Fe XXVI ions are close to the expected shock velocity for a 0.6 M_sun white dwarf. The observed velocity modulation is consistent with that expected from a single pole accreting binary system.Comment: 6 figures, AASTEX style, accepted for publication in Ap

Pyrazole-based analogs as potential antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR elucidation

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming lethal to humanity due to easy transmission and difficult-to-treat skin and flimsy diseases. The most threatening aspect is the rapid resistance development of MRSA to any approved antibiotics, including vancomycin. The development of new, efficient, and nontoxic drug candidate to fight against MRSA isolates is the need of the hour. The intriguing molecular structure and versatile bioactive pyrazole core attracting to development required novel antibiotics. This review presents the decade developments of pyrazole-containing derivatives with a broad antibacterial movement against diverged bacterial strains. In specific, we correlated the efficacy of structurally diversified pyrazole analogs against MRSA and discussed different angles of structure-activity relationship (SAR). The current survey highlights pyrazole hybrids' present scenario on MRSA studies, covering articles published from 2011 to 2020. This collective information may become an excellent platform to plan and develop new pyrazole-based small MRSA growth inhibitors with minimal side effects. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Evaluation of suitable sites for mud crab farming in Ratnagiri District of Maharashtra, India

The State of Maharashtra has vast stretches of estuaries, creeks and mangrove swamps, which offers great potential for aquaculture, particularly for mud crab farming. In view of the natural resources and market potential for mud crab, the Department of Forests, Government of Maharashtra plans to promote mud crab farming through a novel approach, which aims at providing livelihood support to the local communities utilizing the mangrove wetlands; thereby the local communities also shoulder the responsibility of conservation of mangroves. In this backdrop, a study was conducted to identify the suitable sites for sustainable mud crab culture, in GIS environment, based on various physical and environmental criteria including topography, soil types, landuse systems, vegetation, water quality, water availability, salinity, risks of flooding, infrastructure, seed resources and availability, market and support services. The brackishwater stretches of Anjarle, Kelshi, Aade, Velas and Ansure in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra were studied, and all study stations had patchy to thick mangrove vegetation. The major mangrove species encountered were: Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris, Rhizophora mucronata and Acanthus ilicifolius. The pH of water was near-neutral to alkaline, whereas dissolved oxygen levels were found to be within the ideal range. The salinity of the tidal creeks ranged from 7.24 ppt (Velas) to 35.9 ppt (Ansure) which generally varies with the tide. The ammonia levels which ranged from 0 (Aade and Ansure) to 0.5 ppm (Kelshi), falls within the safe levels for Available online at: www.mbai.org.in doi: 10.6024/jmbai.2017.59.2.2014-05 aquaculture. The sediment pH ranged from 6.2 to 8.32. The organic carbon levels in sediment ranged from 0.27 to 2.94% indicating medium to high productive nature of sediment. Samples of mud crab collected from the study areas were processed for screening for WSSV infection. All samples gave Negative results in primary as well as nested PCRs, indicating the absence of WSSV in the wild mud crab population. Integrating the analysis result along with supporting spatial data with the aid of GIS and Remote Sensing techniques, a total of 10.063 ha have been evaluated as suitable areas for mud crab farming along the brackishwater stretches of Anjarle (1.91 ha), Aade (2.069 ha), Kelshi (1.77 ha), Velas (0.538 ha) and Ansure (3.776 ha)

Eliminating Smut (Moesziomyces penicillariae) from Pearl Millet Seeds under Transboundary Movement

Smut of pearl millet caused by Moesziomyces penicillariae (Bref.) Venky is a seed-transmitted disease and fungicide seed treatment is not effective in inhibiting viability of smut spores present on seed surface. In the present study sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ethanol were tested at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) to prevent the spore ball germination. NaOH and KOH were effective at 10 and 15% concentrations. None of these treatments could completely inhibit germination of spore balls. Spore ball elimination was tried by stirring infected pearl millet seeds for 1, 2 and 3 min with sterilized sand and ethanol. This seed stirring treatment for 2 min. was effective in complete elimination of smut spore balls from pearl millet seed surface. This simple method can be used as a routine treatment in quarantine processing of germplasm and seed certification programmes to prevent spread of pearl millet smut through see

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF PIROXICAM

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate the solid self-micro emulsifying dispersible tablets for promoting the dissolution of Piroxicam. Methods: Solubility study test was performed to know the solubility of various oil phase, surfactants, cosurfactants. Self-emulsifying grading test was done by visual grading system. Ternary phase diagrams and droplet size analysis test were performed to screen and optimize the Piroxicam-self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDS). Then microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was added as a suitable adsorbent and dispersible tablet were prepared by wet granulation compression method. Results: The final composition of Piroxicam-SMEDS was oil phase (oleic acid, 23%), surfactant (Cremophor R H-40,61%), co-surfactant (PEG-400,16%) based on the result of solubility test, self-emulsifying grading test, droplet size analysis and ternary phase diagrams. Microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was selected based on dissolution study (98.35%) and added to liquid Piroxicam-Smeds formulation to form dispersible tablets. The in vitro dissolution study showed 98.02 % of drug release from Piroxicam-SMEDS tablets. Conclusion: Piroxicam–Self microemulsifying dispersible tablets have increased the solubility and bioavailability of the Piroxicam to a greater extent. SMEDS formulation can help the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs