Multiphysics Analysis of a Magnetorheological Damper

     A Magnetorheological damping has evolved as a potential tool in vibration control. The design of magnetorheological damping involves analysis of fluid flow principles and electromagnetic flux analysis. This research paper involves design and analysis of a magnetorheological damper employed for vibration control. The analysis is carried over by considering the domain as an axisymmetric model. The damping force of the damper depends upon the shear stress due to fluid viscosity and yield stress induced due to magnetic flux applied. The damping force generated by the damper is calculated

High Performance Pre-computation based Self-Controlled Precharge-Free Content-Addressable Memory

Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of memory used in networking applications for very-high-speed searching operation. It compares input search data with the table of stored data, and returns the address of matching data in a parallel search method. Also the use of parallel comparison results in reduced search time, it also significantly increases power consumption when compared to precharge based CAM. The low-power NAND-type and high-speed NOR-type CAM methods require the precharge prior to the search. This PF phase leads to increase the settling time of the output and also reduce the speed of the search operation. In this paper, a High performance Pre-computation Based Self-Controlled Precharge-Free CAM (PB-SCPF CAM) structure is proposed for high-speed applications which reduce the settling time as well as improve the speed of the search. Where search time is very important for designing larger word lengths, SCPF architecture is efficacious in applications. The experimental results show that PB-SCPF approach can attain on average 32% in power reduction and 80% in delay reduction. The most important contribution of this project is that it offers theoretical and practical proofs to verify that our suggested PB-SCPF CAM system can achieve greater power reduction without the requirement of special CAM cell design. This shows that the approach which we have used is more flexible and adaptive for general designs and high speed applications

Heavy metal characterisation in surface sediments off southeast coast of India: Implication on marine pollution

1810-1818The present study investigated heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) distribution in the surface sediments off Karaikal – Velankanni offshore along the east coast of Bay of Bengal as an indicator of marine pollution during 2004-2005. The sediments were analyzed for sand, silt, clay ratio, CaCO3, organic matter, and heavy metal (Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents. The contamination factor (CF) values for the heavy metals are found to be in the order: Mn >Cr >Ni >Zn >Cu >Pb during August 2004; and during January 2005 the CF values were found to be in the order: Zn >Mn >Cu >Ni >Pb >Cr. Zn contamination was found to be low to moderate. 10 samples were found with low and moderate Mn contamination. All the samples displayed moderate contamination with Cu, Ni, and Pb. Among the selected sediments, those which are collected from Karaikal and Velankanni shore were found to be highly contaminated by heavy elements due to the discharge of effluents from petrochemical, oil spills, port activity, and shipping activities. The occurrence of a wide range of elements in coastal sediments is mainly related to the textural variability of sediments during 2004 and 2005

Effectiveness and safety of cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of intracapsular hip fractures:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Aims We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the mortality, morbidity, and functional outcomes of cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of intracapsular hip fractures, analyzing contemporary and non-contemporary implants separately. Methods PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched to 2 February 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the primary outcome, mortality, and secondary outcomes of function, quality of life, reoperation, postoperative complications, perioperative outcomes, pain, and length of hospital stay. Relative risks (RRs) and mean differences (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were used as summary association measures. Results A total of 18 studies corresponding to 16 non-overlapping RCTs with a total of 2,819 intracapsular hip fractures were included. Comparing contemporary cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty, RRs (95% CIs) for mortality were 1.32 (0.44 to 3.99) perioperatively, 1.01 (0.48 to 2.10) at 30 days, and 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) at one year. The use of contemporary cemented hemiarthroplasty reduced the risk of intra- and postoperative periprosthetic fracture. There were no significant differences in the risk of other complications, function, pain, and quality of life. There were no significant differences in perioperative outcomes except for increases in operating time and overall anaesthesia for contemporary cemented hemiarthroplasty with mean differences (95% CIs) of 6.67 (2.65 to 10.68) and 4.90 (2.02 to 7.78) minutes, respectively. The morbidity and mortality outcomes were not significantly different between non-contemporary cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty. Conclusion There are no differences in the risk of mortality when comparing the use of contemporary cemented with uncemented hemiarthroplasty in the management of intracapsular hip fractures. Contemporary cemented hemiarthroplasty is associated with a substantially lower risk of intraoperative and periprosthetic fractures

Perception of Community Pharmacist on self-medication in Erode, India

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists towards the concept of self-medication Erode, India. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Erode between august2010and December, 2010. A 20-item self-completion questionnaire was administered to randomly selected sample of 50 community pharmacists from Erode. Main outcome measures included understanding of self-medication, reasons for why patients practice self-medication, source for drug of choice, attitude towards Patient counseling, barriers to implementation of patient counseling. Data's were analyzed. Descriptive results were expressed as frequency and percentage. Most patients were seeking self medication for headache 14.72%, Fever 14.29%, urinary tract infections 10.13% etc. The drugs most commonly dispensed or purchased on a self medication basis were NSAIDS 33.7%. Pharmacists 56% and previous prescription 24% were the common sources from where patients get information about drug of choice. Simplicity of the disease 44% was the reason why patients prefer selfmedication. Lack of time 60% and lack of interest of the patients 36% were the reasons that pharmacists mentioned for not counselling the patients. Main reason for practicing self-medication irrational self-medication is due to their lack of knowledge about the complications that can occur by practicing self-medication without proper diagnosis. These barriers could be overcome through participation in effective continuing educational programs and creating awareness to the public about the complication of self-medication without proper diagnosis. Patient health awareness programs and pharmacist continuing education are necessary in Erode

Ischaemic strokes in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: associations with iron deficiency and platelets.

<div><p>Background</p><p>Pulmonary first pass filtration of particles marginally exceeding ∼7 µm (the size of a red blood cell) is used routinely in diagnostics, and allows cellular aggregates forming or entering the circulation in the preceding cardiac cycle to lodge safely in pulmonary capillaries/arterioles. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations compromise capillary bed filtration, and are commonly associated with ischaemic stroke. Cohorts with CT-scan evident malformations associated with the highest contrast echocardiographic shunt grades are known to be at higher stroke risk. Our goal was to identify within this broad grouping, which patients were at higher risk of stroke.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>497 consecutive patients with CT-proven pulmonary arteriovenous malformations due to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia were studied. Relationships with radiologically-confirmed clinical ischaemic stroke were examined using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic analyses, and platelet studies.</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>Sixty-one individuals (12.3%) had acute, non-iatrogenic ischaemic clinical strokes at a median age of 52 (IQR 41–63) years. In crude and age-adjusted logistic regression, stroke risk was associated not with venous thromboemboli or conventional neurovascular risk factors, but with low serum iron (adjusted odds ratio 0.96 [95% confidence intervals 0.92, 1.00]), and more weakly with low oxygen saturations reflecting a larger right-to-left shunt (adjusted OR 0.96 [0.92, 1.01]). For the same pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, the stroke risk would approximately double with serum iron 6 µmol/L compared to mid-normal range (7–27 µmol/L). Platelet studies confirmed overlooked data that iron deficiency is associated with exuberant platelet aggregation to serotonin (5HT), correcting following iron treatment. By MANOVA, adjusting for participant and 5HT, iron or ferritin explained 14% of the variance in log-transformed aggregation-rate (p = 0.039/p = 0.021).</p><p>Significance</p><p>These data suggest that patients with compromised pulmonary capillary filtration due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are at increased risk of ischaemic stroke if they are iron deficient, and that mechanisms are likely to include enhanced aggregation of circulating platelets.</p></div

Estimating process capability index Cpm using a bootstrap sequential sampling procedure

Construction of a confidence interval for process capability index CPM is often based on a normal approximation with fixed sample size. In this article, we describe a different approach in constructing a fixed-width confidence interval for process capability index CPM with a preassigned accuracy by using a combination of bootstrap and sequential sampling schemes. The optimal sample size required to achieve a preassigned confidence level is obtained using both two-stage and modified two-stage sequential procedures. The procedure developed is also validated using an extensive simulation study.<br /