51 research outputs found

    Developmental dynamics of mitochondrial mRNA abundance and editing reveal roles for temperature and the differentiation-repressive kinase RDK1 in cytochrome oxidase subunit II mRNA editing.

    Get PDF
    Developmental regulation of mitochondrial uridine insertion/deletion editing in Trypanosoma brucei is necessary to modulate parasite metabolism as it shifts from dependence on glycolysis for ATP production in the mammalian bloodstream form (BSF) to oxidative phosphorylation in the insect procyclic form (PCF). However, the timing and stimuli that regulate mRNA editing have been poorly characterized. Here, we utilized a pleomorphic T. brucei strain and quantitative RT-PCR and droplet digital PCR analyses to evaluate the changes in total mRNA abundance and editing as parasites progressively differentiate from slender BSF to PCF and investigate the effect of individual stimuli on mitochondrial gene expression. We observed little change during the slender-to-stumpy BSF transition. Rather, we found that mainly the mitochondrial cytochrome (COI, COII, COIII, and CYb) mRNAs are upregulated within 24 h after stumpy BSF is stimulated to differentiate to PCF in vitro and during in vivo tsetse fly infections. Temperature reduction from 37°C to 27°C is a critical factor for increasing the editing of COII and COIII mRNAs and COIV protein expression but not the editing of CYb mRNA or RISP protein expression. We further demonstrate that the depletion of the differentiation-repressive kinase RDK1 couples with temperature reduction to stimulate COII mRNA editing, and the accessory factor p22 is required for the cold-responsive upregulation of COII mRNA editing. Overall, we show that cytochrome mRNAs are regulated during development by distinct stimuli through a variety of methods to increase their abundance and/or editing. IMPORTANCE Trypanosoma brucei is the unicellular parasite that causes African sleeping sickness and nagana disease in livestock. The parasite has a complex life cycle consisting of several developmental forms in the human and tsetse fly insect vector. Both the mammalian and insect hosts provide different nutritional environments, so T. brucei must adapt its metabolism to promote its survival and to complete its life cycle. As T. brucei is transmitted from the human host to the fly, the parasite must regulate its mitochondrial gene expression through a process called uridine insertion/deletion editing to achieve mRNAs capable of being translated into functional respiratory chain proteins required for energy production in the insect host. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which T. brucei regulates mitochondrial gene expression during transmission from the mammalian host to the insect vector

    Lifetime Measurements in 120Xe

    Full text link
    Lifetimes for the lowest three transitions in the nucleus 120^{120}Xe have been measured using the Recoil Distance Technique. Our data indicate that the lifetime for the 21+→01+2_{1}^{+} \to 0_{1}^{+} transition is more than a factor of two lower than the previously adopted value and is in keeping with more recent measurements performed on this nucleus. The theoretical implications of this discrepancy and the possible reason for the erroneous earlier results are discussed. All measured lifetimes in 120^{120}Xe, as well as the systematics of the lifetimes of the 21+_{1}^{+} states in Xe isotopes, are compared with predictions of various models. The available data are best described by the Fermion Dynamic Symmetry Model (FDSM).Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, 3 figures with Postscript file available on request at [email protected], [email protected]. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

    This house believes the NHS should be privatised - 1st southwest medical debate.

    Get PDF
    The inaugural southwest medical debate, between Exeter and Plymouth medical schools and respective health services, was held on the 3rd December 2014. Plymouth proposed the motion "This house believes the NHS should be privatised?" In an increasingly political climate, the National Health Service (NHS) has become a constant topic for discussion in the media. On this occasion, all those debating were involved in the medical profession with roles encompassing clinical medicine, education, ethics, economics and policy. By allowing those with knowledge of the NHS to speak, we hoped to spark novel discussions based on evidence and experience.This article is freely available via Open Access. Click on the 'Additional Link' above to view the full-text from the publisher's site.Published (Open Access

    Magnetic and intruder rotational bands in (113)In

    Get PDF
    ©2005 American Physical SocietyExcited states in ÂčÂčÂłIn were populated via the reactions Âč⁰⁰Mo(Âč⁞O,p4n)ÂčÂčÂłIn and ÂčÂč⁰Pd(7Li,4n)ÂčÂčÂłIn. The two known ΔJ = 2 intruder bands, based on the πg7/2 ⊗ d5/2 and πh11/2 orbitals, have been extended by 8ÂŻh to spins (49/2+)ÂŻh and (55/2−)ÂŻh, respectively. The previous finding of three sequences of ΔJ = 1 Îł -ray transitions has been confirmed. A self-consistent cranked shell-model calculation gives a good description of the contrasting alignment patterns of the two ΔJ = 2 intruder bands. The intruder bands, the known sequences ofM1 transitions, and spherical levels together represent a coexistence of three different excitation modes in this nucleus.S. Naguleswaran, R. S. Chakrawarthy, U. Garg, K. L. Lamkin, G. Smith, J. C. Walpe, A. Galindo-Uribarri, V. P. Janzen, D. C. Radford, R. Kaczarowski, D. B. Fossan, D. R. Lafosse, P. Vaska, Ch. Droste, T. Morek, S. Pilotte, J. DeGraaf, T. Drake, and R. Wys

    Identification of Novel Proteins in Neospora caninum Using an Organelle Purification and Monoclonal Antibody Approach

    Get PDF
    Neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. Neospora has also generated substantial interest because it is an extremely close relative of the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, yet does not appear to infect humans. While for Toxoplasma there are a wide array of molecular tools and reagents available for experimental investigation, relatively few reagents exist for Neospora. To investigate the unique biological features of this parasite and exploit the recent sequencing of its genome, we have used an organelle isolation and monoclonal antibody approach to identify novel organellar proteins and develop a wide array of probes for subcellular localization. We raised a panel of forty-six monoclonal antibodies that detect proteins from the rhoptries, micronemes, dense granules, inner membrane complex, apicoplast, mitochondrion and parasite surface. A subset of the proteins was identified by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry and reveal that we have identified and localized many of the key proteins involved in invasion and host interaction in Neospora. In addition, we identified novel secretory proteins not previously studied in any apicomplexan parasite. Thus, this organellar monoclonal antibody approach not only greatly enhances the tools available for Neospora cell biology, but also identifies novel components of the unique biological characteristics of this important veterinary pathogen

    A Novel PAN/Apple Domain-Containing Protein from Toxoplasma gondii: Characterization and Receptor Identification

    Get PDF
    Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that invades nucleated cells, causing toxoplasmosis in humans and animals worldwide. The extremely wide range of hosts susceptible to T. gondii is thought to be the result of interactions between T. gondii ligands and receptors on its target cells. In this study, a host cell-binding protein from T. gondii was characterized, and one of its receptors was identified. P104 (GenBank Access. No. CAJ20677) is 991 amino acids in length, containing a putative 26 amino acid signal peptide and 10 PAN/apple domains, and shows low homology to other identified PAN/apple domain-containing molecules. A 104-kDa host cell-binding protein was detected in the T. gondii lysate. Immunofluorescence assays detected P104 at the apical end of extracellular T. gondii. An Fc-fusion protein of the P104 N-terminus, which contains two PAN/apple domains, showed strong affinity for the mammalian and insect cells evaluated. This binding was not related to protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions, but to a protein-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interaction. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a kind of GAG, was shown to be involved in adhesion of the Fc-P104 N-terminus fusion protein to host cells. These results suggest that P104, expressed at the apical end of the extracellular parasite, may function as a ligand in the attachment of T. gondii to CS or other receptors on the host cell, facilitating invasion by the parasite

    Transcriptional and genomic parallels between the monoxenous parasite Herpetomonas muscarum and Leishmania

    Get PDF
    Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids are transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging to Diptera (or true flies). These are called dixenous trypanosomatids since they infect two different hosts, in contrast to those that infect just insects (monoxenous). However, it is still unclear whether dixenous and monoxenous trypanosomatids interact similarly with their insect host, as fly-monoxenous trypanosomatid interaction systems are rarely reported and under-studied–despite being common in nature. Here we present the genome of monoxenous trypanosomatid Herpetomonas muscarum and discuss its transcriptome during in vitro culture and during infection of its natural insect host Drosophila melanogaster. The H. muscarum genome is broadly syntenic with that of human parasite Leishmania major. We also found strong similarities between the H. muscarum transcriptome during fruit fly infection, and those of Leishmania during sand fly infections. Overall this suggests Drosophila-Herpetomonas is a suitable model for less accessible insect-trypanosomatid host-parasite systems such as sand fly-Leishmania

    Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural products

    Full text link
    Ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) is an interesting process to obtain high valuable compounds and could contribute to the increase in the value of some food by-products when used as sources of natural compounds. The main benefits will be a more effective extraction, thus saving energy, and also the use of moderate temperatures, which is beneficial for heat-sensitive compounds. For a successful application of the USAE, it is necessary to consider the influence of several process variables, the main ones being the applied ultrasonic power, the frequency, the extraction temperature, the reactor characteristics, and the solvent-sample interaction. The highest extraction rate is usually achieved in the first few minutes, which is the most profitable period. To optimize the process, rate equations and unambiguous process characterization are needed, aspects that have often been lacking. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.The authors thank the Generalitat Valenciana for their financial support in project PROMETEO/2010/062 and the Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo for M.D. Esclapez's pre-doctoral grant.Esclapez Vicente, MD.; GarcĂ­a PĂ©rez, JV.; Mulet Pons, A.; CĂĄrcel CarriĂłn, JA.; Esclapez, MD. (2011). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of natural products. Food Engineering Reviews. 3(2):108-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12393-011-9036-6S10812032Abad Romero B, Bou-Maroun E, Reparet JM, Blanquet J, Cayot N (2010) Impact of lipid extraction on the dearomatisation of an Eisenia foetida protein powder. Food Chem 119:459–466Adewuyi YG (2001) Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:4681–4715Atchley AA, Crum LA (1988) Acoustic cavitation and bubble dynamics. In: Suslick KS (ed) Ultrasound, its chemical, physical, and biological effects. VHS Publishers, Weinheim, pp 1–64Arnold G, Leiteritz L, Zahn S, Rohm H (2009) Ultrasonic cutting of cheese: composition affects cutting work reduction and energy demand. Int Dairy J 19:314–320Barbero GF, Liazid A, Palma M, Barroso CG (2008) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from peppers. Talanta 75:1332–1337Benedito J, Carcel JA, Sanjuan N, Mulet A (2000) Use of ultrasound to assess Cheddar cheese characteristics. Ultrasonics 38:727–730Benedito J, Carcel JA, Rossello C, Mulet A (2001) Composition assessment of raw meat mixtures using ultrasonics. Meat Sci 57:365–370Bhaskaracharya RK, Kentish S, Ashokkumar M (2009) Selected applications of ultrasonics in food processing. Food Eng Rev 1:31–49Boonkird S, Phisalaphong C, Phisalaphong M (2008) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from Capsicum frutescens on a lab- and pilot-plant scale. Ultrason Sonochem 15:1075–1079CĂĄrcel JA, Benedito J, Bon J, Mulet A (2007) High intensity ultrasound effects on meat brining. Meat Sci 76:611–619CĂĄrcel JA, Benedito J, RossellĂł C, Mulet A (2007) Influence of ultrasound intensity on mass transfer in apple immersed in a sucrose solution. J Food Eng 78:472–479Cavitus (2009) Grape colour and flavour extraction (Pat. Pend.) for red must extraction http://www.cavitus.com . Crafers. Accessed 10 Jan 2011Chea Chua S, Ping Tan C, Mirhosseini H, Ming Lai O, Long K, Sham Baharin B (2009) Optimization of ultrasound extraction condition of phospholipids from palm-pressed fiber. J Food Eng 92:403–409Chena R, Menga F, Zhang S, Liu Z (2009) Effects of ultrahigh pressure extraction conditions on yields and antioxidant activity of ginsenoside from ginseng. Sep Purif Technol 66:340–346Chivate MM, Pandit AB (1995) Quantification of cavitation intensity in fluid bulk. Ultrason Sonochem 2:19–25Da Porto C, Decorti D (2009) Ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with under vacuum distillation of flavour compounds from spearmint (carvone-rich) plants: comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Ultrason Sonochem 16:795–799Da Porto C, Decorti D, Kikic I (2009) Flavour compounds of Lavandula angustifolia L. to use in food manufacturing: Comparison of three different extraction methods. Food Chem 112:1072–1078DomĂ­nguez H, NĂșñez MJ, Lema JM (1994) Enzymatic pretreatment to enhance oil extraction from fruits and oilseeds: a review. Food Chem 49:271–286Dong J, Liu Y, Liang Z, Wanga W (2010) Investigation on ultrasound-assisted extraction of salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Ultrason Sonochem 17:61–65Entezari MH, Kruus P (1994) Effect of frequency on sonochemical reactions. I: oxidation of iodide. Ultrason Sonochem 1:75–79Esclapez MD, SĂĄez V, MilĂĄn-Yåñez D, Tudela I, Louisnard O, GonzĂĄlez-GarcĂ­a J (2010) Sonoelectrochemical treatment of water polluted with trichloroacetic acid: from sonovoltammetry to pre-pilot plant scale. Ultrason Sonochem 17:1010–1020Ferraro V, Cruz IB, Ferreira R, Malcata JFX, Pintado ME, Castro PML (2010) Valorisation of natural extracts from marine source focused on marine by-products: review. Food Res Int 43:2221–2233Fischer CH, Hart EJ, Henglein AJ (1986) Hydrogen/deuterium isotope exchange in the hydrogen deuteride-water system under the influence of ultrasound. Phys Chem 90:3059–3060Garcia-Noguera J, Weller CL, Oliveira FIP, Rodrigues S, Fernandes FAN (2010) Dual-stage sugar substitution in strawberries with a Stevia-based sweetener. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 11:225–230GarcĂ­a-PĂ©rez JV, CĂĄrcel JA, de la Fuente-Blanco S, Riera-Franco de Sarabia E (2006) Ultrasonic drying of foodstuff in a fluidized bed: parametric study. Ultrasonics 44:539–543GarcĂ­a-PĂ©rez JV, GarcĂ­a-Alvarado MA, Carcel JA, Mulet A (2010) Extraction kinetics modeling of antioxidants from grape stalk (Vitis vinifera var. Bobal): Influence of drying conditions. J Food Eng 101:49–58GonzĂĄlez-GarcĂ­a J, SĂĄez V, Tudela I, DĂ­ez-Garcia MI, Esclapez MD, Louisnard O (2010) Sonochemical treatment of water polluted by chlorinated organocompounds. A review. Water 2:28–74Handa SS, Preet S, Khanuja S, Longo G, Rakesh DD (2008) Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology, TriesteHemwimol S, Pavasant P, Shotipruk A (2006) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia. Ultrason Sonochem 13:543–548Hielscher (2011) Teltow http:// www.hielscher.com . Accessed 10 Jan 2011Hu Y, Wang T, Wang M, Han S, Wan P, Fan M (2008) Extraction of isoflavonoids from Pueraria by combining ultrasound with microwave vacuum. Chem Engin Process 47:2256–2261Ince NH, Tezcanli G, Belen RK, Apikyan PG (2001) Ultrasound as a catalyzer of aqueous reaction systems: the state of the art and environmental applications. Appl Catal B 29:167–176Jadhav D, Rekha BN, Gogate PR, Rathod VK (2009) Extraction of vanillin from vanilla pods: a comparison study of conventional soxhlet and ultrasound assisted extraction. J Food Eng 93:421–426Ji J-b, Lu X-h, Cai M-q, Xu C-c (2006) Improvement of leaching process of Geniposide with ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 13:455–462Kanthale PM, Gogate PR, Pandit AB, Wilhelm AM (2003) Mapping of an ultrasonic horn: link primary and secondary effects of ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 10:331–335Karki B, Lamsal BP, Jung S, van Leeuwen JH, Pometto AL III, Grewell D, Khanal SK (2010) Enhancing protein and sugar release from defatted soy flakes using ultrasound technology. J Food Eng 96:270–278Kardos N, Luche J-L (2001) Sonochemistry of carbohydrate compounds. Carbohydr Res 332:115–131Kotronarou A, Mills G, Hoffmann MR (1991) Ultrasonic Irradiation of para-Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem 95:3630–3638Kuijpers MWA, Kemmere MF, Keurentjes JTF (2002) Calorimetric study of the energy efficiency for ultrasound-induced radical formation. Ultrasonics 40:675–678Leighton TG (2007) What is ultrasound? Prog Biophys Mol Biol 93:3–83Leonelli C, Mason TJ (2010) Microwave and ultrasonic processing: now a realistic option for industry. Chem Eng Process 49:885–900Li H, Pordesimo L, Weiss J (2004) High intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from soybeans. Food Res Int 37:731–738Liu J, Li J-W, Tang J (2010) Ultrasonically assisted extraction of total carbohydrates from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and identification of extracts. Food Bioprod Process 88:215–221Lianfu Z, Zelong L (2008) Optimization and comparison of ultrasound/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of lycopene from tomatoes. Ultrason Sonochem 15:731–737Liazid A, Schwarz M, Varela RM, Palma M, GuillĂ©n DA, Brigui J, MacĂ­as FA, Barroso CG (2010) Evaluation of various extraction techniques for obtaining bioactive extracts from pine seeds. Food Bioprod Process 88:247–252Londoño-Londoño J, Rodrigues de Lima V, Lara O, Gil A, Crecsynski Pasa TB, Arango GJ, Ramirez Pineda JR (2010) Clean recovery of antioxidant flavonoids from citrus peel: optimizing an aqueous ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Food Chem 119:81–87Lou Z, Wang H, Zhang M, Wang Z (2010) Improved extraction of oil from chickpea under ultrasound in a dynamic system. J Food Eng 98:13–18Louisnard O, GonzĂĄlez-GarcĂ­a J, Tudela I, Klima J, SĂĄez V, Vargas-HernĂĄndez Y (2009) FEM simulation of a sono-reactor accounting for vibrations of the boundaries. Ultrason Sonochem 16:250–259Luque de Castro MD, Priego-Capote F (2007) Analytical Applications of Ultrasound, Vol. 26, Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier Science, AmsterdamMa Y, Ye X, Hao Y, Xu G, Xu G, Liu D (2008) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hesperidin from Penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel. Ultrason Sonochem 15:227–232Ma Y, Chen J-C, Liu Dong-Hong, Ye X-Q (2009) Simultaneous extraction of phenolic compounds of citrus peel extracts: effect of ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 16:57–62Makino K, Mossoba MM, Riesz P (1982) Chemical effects of ultrasound on aqueous solutions. Evidence for hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals (.cntdot. OH and. cntdot. H) by spin trapping. J Chem Soc 104:3537–3539Margulis MA, Margulis IM (2003) Calorimetric method for measurement of acoustic power absorbed in a volume of liquid. Ultrason Sonochem 10:343–345Martin CJ, Law ANR (1983) Design of thermistor probes for measurement of ultrasound intensity distributions. Ultrasonics 21:85–90Mason TJ, Lorimer JP, Bates DM, Zhao Y (1994) Dosimetry in sonochemistry: the use of aqueous terephthalate ion as a fluorescence monitor. Ultrason Sonochem 1:91–95Meinhardt (2011) Leipzig. http://www.meinhardt-ultraschall.de . Accessed 10 Jan 2011Montalbo-Lomboy M, Khanal SK, van Leeuwen JH, Raman DR, Dunn L Jr, Grewell D Jr (2010) Ultrasonic pretreatment of corn slurry for saccharification: a comparison of batch and continuous Systems. Ultrason Sonochem 17:939–946Mulet A, CĂĄrcel JA, SanjuĂĄn N, Bon J (2003) New food drying technologies. Use of ultrasound. Food Sci Technol Int 9:215–221Naguleswaran S, Vasanthan T (2010) Dry milling of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) groats prior to wet fractionation influences the starch yield and purity. Food Chem 118:627–633Orozco-Solano M, Ruiz-JimĂ©nez J, Luque de Castro MD (2010) Ultrasound-assisted extraction and derivatization of sterols and fatty alcohols from olive leaves and drupes prior to determination by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:1227–1235Patist A, Bates D (2008) Ultrasonic innovations in the food industry: from the laboratory to commercial production. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 9:147–154Price GJ (1990) The use of ultrasound for the controlled degradation of polymer solutions. In: Mason TJ (ed) Advances in sonochemistry, vol 1. Jai Press, Cambridge, pp 231–287Riener J, Noci G, Cronin DA, Morgan DJ, Lyng JG (2010) A comparison of selected quality characteristics of yoghurts prepared from thermosonicated and conventionally heated milks. Food Chem 119:1108–1113Riera E, GolĂĄs Y, Blanco A, Gallego JA, Blasco M, Mulet A (2004) Mass transfer enhancement in supercritical fluids extraction by means of power ultrasound. Ultrason Sonochem 11:241–244Riera E, Blanco A, GarcĂ­a J, Benedito J, Mulet A, Gallego-JuĂĄrez JA, Blasco M (2010) High-power ultrasonic system for the enhancement of mass transfer in supercritical CO2 extraction processes. Physics Procedia 3:141–146RoldĂĄn-GutiĂ©rrez JM, Ruiz-JimĂ©nez J, Luque de Castro MD (2008) Ultrasound-assisted dynamic extraction of valuable compounds from aromatic plants and flowers as compared with steam distillation and superheated liquid extraction. Talanta 75:1369–1375Romdhane M, Gourdon C (2002) Investigation in solid–liquid extraction: influence of ultrasound. Chem Eng J 87:11–19Rong L, Kojima Y, Koda S, Nomura H (2008) Simple quantification of ultrasonic intensity using aqueous solution of phenolphthalein. Ultrason Sonochem 8:11–15SĂĄez V, Frias-Ferrer A, Iniesta J, Gonzalez-Garcıa J, Aldaz A, Riera E (2005) Chacterization of a 20 kHz sonoreactor. Part I: analysis of mechanical effects by classical and numerical methods. Ultrason Sonochem 12:59–65SĂĄez V, Frias-Ferrer A, Iniesta J, Gonzalez-Garcıa J, Aldaz A, Riera E (2005) Characterization of a 20 kHz sonoreactor. Part II: analysis of chemical effects by classical and electrochemical methods. Ultrason Sonochem 12:67–72Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Karim AA, Abbas KA, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM (2009) Application of supercritical CO2 in lipid extraction–A review. J Food Eng 95:240–253Science Direct Database (2011) www.sciencedirect.com (Data of consulting: February 2011)Soria AC, Villamiel M (2010) Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 21:323–331Starmans DAJ, Nijhuis HH (1996) Extraction of secondary metabolites from plant material: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 7:191–197Sivakumar V, Lakshmi Anna J, Vijayeeswarri J, Swaminathan G (2009) Ultrasound assisted enhancement in natural dye extraction from beetroot for industrial applications and natural dyeing of leather. Ultrason Sonochem 16:782–789Stanisavljevic IT, Lazic ML, Veljkovic VB (2007) Ultrasonic extraction of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds. Ultrason Sonochem 14:646–652Sun Y, Liu D, Chen J, Ye X, Yu D (2011) Effects of different factors of ultrasound treatment on the extraction yield of the all-trans-b-carotene from citrus peels. Ultrason Sonochem 18:243–249Suslick KS (2001) Sonoluminescence and sonochemistry. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of physical science and technology, vol 17, 3rd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 363–376Trabelsi F, Ait-Iyazidi H, Berlan J, Fabre PL, Delmas H, Wilhelm AM (1996) Electrochemical determination of the active zones in a high-frequency ultrasonic reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 3:125–130Veillet S, Tomao V, Chemat F (2010) Ultrasound assisted maceration: an original procedure for direct aromatisation of olive oil with basil. Food Chem 123:905–911Velickovic DT, Milenovic DM, Ristic MS, Veljkovic VB (2008) Ultrasonic extraction of waste solid residues from the Salvia sp. Essential oil hydrodistillation. Biochem Eng J 42:97–104Vercet A, Burgos J, Crelier S, Lopez-Buesa P (2001) Inactivation of proteases and lipases by ultrasound. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 2:139–150Vilkhu K, Mawson R, Simons L, Bates D (2008) Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry—A review. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 9:161–169Vinatoru M (2001) An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrason Sonochem 8:303–313Virot M, Tomao V, Le Bourvellec C, Renard CMCG, Chemat F (2010) Towards the industrial production of antioxidants from food processing by-products with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Ultrason Sonochem 17:1066–1074Wang J, Sun B, Cao Y, Tian Y, Li X (2008) Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat bran. Food Chem 106:804–810Wang L, Weller CL (2006) Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:300–312Wei X, Chen M, Xiao Ja, Liu Y, Yu L, Zhang H, Wang Y (2010) Composition and bioactivity of tea flower polysaccharides obtained by different methods. Carbohydr Polym 79:418–422Weissler A, Cooper HW, Snyder S (1950) Chemical effects of ultrasonic waves: oxidation of potassium iodide solution by carbon tetrachloride. J Am Chem Soc 72:1769–1775Wulff-PĂ©rez M, Torcello-GĂłmez A, GĂĄlvez-RuĂ­z MJ, MartĂ­n-RodrĂ­guez A (2009) Stability of emulsions for parenteral feeding: preparation and characterization of o/w nanoemulsions with natural oils and Pluronic f68 as surfactant. Food Hydrocolloids 23:1096–1102Yang B, Yang H, Li J, Li Z, Jiang Y (2011) Amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution and antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates of soy sauce lees. Food Chem 124:551–555Yang Y, Zhang F (2008) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of rutin and quercetin from Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. Ultrason Sonochem 15:308–313Zhang Z-S, Wang L-J, Li D, Jiao S-S, Chena XD, Maoa Z-H (2008) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from flaxseed. Sep Purif Technol 62:192–198Zhang H-F, Yang X-H, Zhao L-D, Wang Y (2009) Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of epimedin C from fresh leaves of Epimedium and extraction mechanism. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 10:54–60Zhang Q-A, Zhang Z-Q, Yue X-F, Fan X-H, Li T, Chen S-F (2009) Response surface optimization of ultrasound-assisted oil extraction from autoclaved almond powder. Food Chem 116:513–518Zhao S, Kwok K-C, Liang H (2007) Investigation on ultrasound assisted extraction of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri. Sep Purif Technol 55:307–312Zhu KX, Sun X-H, Zhou H-M (2009) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of defatted wheat germ proteins by reverse micelles. J Cereal Sci 50:266–271Zheng L, Sun D-W (2006) Innovative applications of power ultrasound during food freezing processes—a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:16–23Zou Y, Xie C, Fan G, Gu Z, Han Y (2010) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of melanin from Auricularia auricula fruit bodies. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol 11:611–61
    • 

    corecore