Interbreed variation in serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) concentration in updates healthy dogs

Introduction: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has several biological functions. In different species, excessive 5-HT has been linked to valvular lesions, similar to those seen in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Previous studies suggest higher 5-HT in healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), a breed highly affected by myxomatous mitral valve disease, compared to other breeds. Objective: To investigate potential interbreed variation in serum 5-HT in healthy dogs. Animals: 483 healthy dogs of nine breeds aged 1-7 years. Methods: Dogs were examined at five European centers. Absence of cardiovascular, organ-related, or systemic diseases was ensured by thorough clinical investigations including echocardiography. Serum was frozen and later analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Median 5-HT concentration was 252.5 (interquartile range = 145.5-390.6) ng/mL. Overall breed difference was found (p Conclusions: Interbreed variation in serum 5-HT concentration was found in healthy dogs aged 1-7 years. These differences should be taken into account when designing clinical studies. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Effects of hyperoxia and cardiovascular risk factors on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: a randomized, sham and placebo controlled parallel study

peer reviewedRecent studies on O2 supplementation in acute coronary syndrome patients are equivocal. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress (OS) is increased in rodents with cardiovascular risk factors and enhances ischemia reperfusion injury in the presence of hyperoxia. Forty-three Wistar rats (WR), 30 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and 33 obese Zucker rats (ZR) were randomized in a sham procedure (1/3rd) or a left anterior descending ligation for 60 minutes (2/3rd). This was followed by 3 hours of reperfusion while animals were randomised either in a hyperoxic (HR) or a normoxic reperfusion group (NR). Baseline troponin (cTnT) was larger in SHR and ZR than WR (both p < 0.001). HR was associated with a lesser troponin rise in SHR and ZR than in NR (both p < 0.001); while the reverse occurred in WR (p < 0.001). In SHR, HR limited total MPO (myeloperoxydase) increase as compared to NR (p = 0.0056) to the contrary of total MPO in WR (p = 0.013). NR was associated with a drastic reduction of total thiols as compared to HR both in SHR and in ZR (both p < 0.001). Despite a heightened baseline OS, HR rather restrained myocardial necrosis and anti/pro-oxidant imbalance in SHR and ZR, to the reverse of healthy WR

Effect of a magnetosphere compression on Jovian radio emissions: in situ case study using Juno data

During its 53-day polar orbit around Jupiter, Juno often crosses the boundaries of the Jovian magnetosphere (namely the magnetopause and bow shock). From the boundary locations, the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure can be inferred, which in turn illustrates the state of compression or relaxation of the system. The aim of this study is to examine Jovian radio emissions during magnetospheric compressions, in order to determine the relationship between the solar wind and Jovian radio emissions. In this paper, we give a complete list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings (from June 2016 to August 2022), along with some extra informations (e.g. solar wind dynamic pressure and position of the standoff distances inferred from Joy et al. (2002)). We then select two compression events that occur in succession (inferred from magnetopause crossings) and we present a case study of the response of the Jovian radio emissions. We demonstrate that magnetospheric compressions lead to the activation of new radio sources. Newly activated broadband kilometric emissions are observed almost simultaneously to compression of the magnetosphere, with sources covering a large range of longitudes. Decametric emission sources are seen to be activated more than one rotation later only at specific longitudes and dusk local times. Finally, the activation of narrowband kilometric radiation is not observed during the compression phase, but when the magnetosphere is in its expansion phase

Ventricular-arterial uncoupling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction after myocardial infarction in dogs - invasive versus echocardiographic evaluation

Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and abnormal diastolic function is commonly observed after recovery from an acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiopathology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a model of healed myocardial infarction in dogs.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of Breed on Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentration, Plasma Renin Activity, and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Healthy Dogs

BackgroundThere are breed differences in several blood variables in healthy dogs. ObjectiveInvestigate breed variation in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration, plasma renin activity, and serum cortisol concentration. AnimalsFive-hundred and thirty-one healthy dogs of 9 breeds examined at 5 centers (2-4 breeds/center). MethodsProspective observational study. Circulating concentrations of ET-1 and cortisol, and renin activity, were measured using commercially available assays. Absence of organ-related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigations, including blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, ECG, blood and urine analysis. ResultsMedian ET-1 concentration was 1.29 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.97-1.82) pg/mL, median cortisol concentration 46.0 (IQR, 29.0-80.8) nmol/L, and median renin activity 0.73 (IQR, 0.48-1.10) ng/mL/h in all dogs. Overall, breed differences were found in ET-1 and cortisol concentrations, and renin activity (P <.0001 for all). Pair-wise comparisons between breeds differed in 67% of comparisons for ET-1, 22% for cortisol, and 19% for renin activity, respectively. Within centers, breed differences were found at 5/5 centers for ET-1, 4/5 centers for cortisol, and 2/5 centers for renin activity. Newfoundlands had highest median ET-1 concentration, 3 times higher than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Doberman Pinschers, and Dachshunds. Median renin activity was highest in Dachshunds, twice the median value in Newfoundlands and Boxers. Median cortisol concentration was highest in Finnish Lapphunds, almost 3 times higher than in Boxers. Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBreed variation might be important to take into consideration when interpreting test results in clinical studies.Peer reviewe

Left ventricular eccentricity index to assess precapillary pulmonary hypertension in dogs.

peer reviewed[en] INTRODUCTION: Interventricular septal flattening, frequently present in pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be quantified by the left ventricular eccentricity index (EI) measured at end-diastole (EId), end-systole (EIs) and at maximal septal flattening (EIm). In humans, EI correlates with invasive pulmonary arterial pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate if EI correlates with parameters of right heart remodeling (RHR) and if EI is a quantitative marker of PH in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Left ventricular eccentricity indices were retrospectively measured in four groups (no, mild, moderate and severe PH) with interpretable tricuspid and/or pulmonary regurgitation. RESULTS: Ninety-seven dogs were included, with no (n = 29), mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 25) and severe (n = 30) PH. The intra- and inter-observer variability for EI measurements ranged from 2 % to 11 %. All EI were significantly elevated in severe compared to no, mild and moderate PH (P < 0.0005). In the moderate group, EIs and EIm were higher compared to the no PH group (P < 0.01). Tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation pressure gradients and RHR parameters correlated with EId, EIs and EIm in all groups. Optimal cut-off values discriminating moderate and severe PH from no and mild PH were 1.24 (Sensitivity (Se) 60 %; Specificity (Sp) 90 %) for EId, 1.34 (Se 67 %; Sp 95 %) for EIs and 1.37 (Se 76 %; Sp 83 %) for EIm. CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular eccentricity indices are reproducible echocardiographic variables increasing with severity of PH. Dogs with moderate and severe PH can be discriminated from dogs with no or mild PH using EIs and EIm

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA 1 AND ITS SIGNALLING PATHWAYS IN CANINE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS

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