Extracellular volume regulation and growth

We have formalized extracellular and intracellular volume interaction with each other and the influence of these processes on the type of cell growth. The linearized model was verified by stereo metric solution and the results were compared with experimental data. Two theoretical solutions were found: Solution 1, extracellular volume (ECV) was calculated to be about 23% of total body volume (TV). Stereo metric solution suggested the cubic cell cluster formed by 8-cells. This hypothesis (Solution l) explains the ECV to be compatible with the widely accepted value (about 23% of TV). In addition, the 8-cell cluster hypothesis explains the existence of ECV oscillation with the period of about seven days. This hypothesis probably describes the dominant type of growth in humans. Solution 2, in this type of growth, ECV fills about 77% per cent of TV. Instead of the 8-cell cube, in this type of proliferation 4-cells could form a tetrahedron. This type of growth could be beneficial in processes where free space in tissue or organ must be filled for example in peptic ulcer healing and namely in repopulating of free space in a bone after high dose chemotherapy

Timeline mapping in qualitative interviews: a study of resilience with marginalized groups

Growing interest in visual timeline methods signals a need for critical engagement. Drawing on critical emancipatory epistemologies in our study exploring resilience among marginalized groups, we investigate how the creation of visual timelines informs verbal semistructured interviewing. We consider both how experiences of drawing timelines and how the role of the timeline in interviews varied for South Asian immigrant women who experienced domestic violence, and street-involved youth who experienced prior or recent violent victimization. Here we focus on three overarching themes developed through analysis of timelines: (a) rapport building, (b) participants as navigators, and (c) therapeutic moments and positive closure. In the discussion, we engage with the potential of visual timelines to supplement and situate semistructured interviewing, and illustrate how the framing of research is central to whether that research maintains a critical emancipatory orientation

Volatile aldehydes in libraries and archives

Volatile aldehydes are produced during degradation of paper-based materials. This may result in their accumulation in archival and library repositories. However, no systematic study has been performed so far. In the frame of this study, passive sampling was carried out at ten locations in four libraries and archives. Despite the very variable sampling locations, no major differences were found, although air-filtered repositories were found to have lower concentrations while a non-ventilated newspaper repository exhibited the highest concentrations of volatile aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural and hexanal). Five employees in one institution were also provided with personal passive samplers to investigate employees’ exposure to volatile aldehydes. All values were lower than the presently valid exposure limits. The concentration of volatile aldehydes, acetic acid, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in general was also compared with that of outdoor-generated pollutants. It was evident that inside the repository and particularly inside archival boxes, the concentration of VOCs and acetic acid was much higher than the concentration of outdoor-generated pollutants, which are otherwise more routinely studied in connection with heritage materials. This indicates that further work on the pro-degradative effect of VOCs on heritage materials is necessary and that monitoring of VOCs in heritage institutions should become more widespread

Promoting Scholarly Lines of Inquiry in Pharmacy Education Through Idea Papers and Case Study Reports

Type: Invitatio

Recognizing and Disseminating Innovations in Scholarly Teaching and Learning to Support Curricular Change

Type: Invitatio

Amperometric separation-free immunosensor for real-time environmental monitoring

Immunoanalytical techniques have found widespread use due to the characteristics of specificity and wide applicability for many analytes, from large polymer antigens, to simple haptens, and even single atoms. Electrochemical sensors offer benefits of technical simplicity, speed and convenience via direct transduction to electronic equipment. Together, these two systems offer the possibility of a convenient, ubiquitous assay technique with high selectivity. However, they are still not widely used, mainly due to the complexity of the associated immunoassay methodologies. A separation-free immunoanalytical technique is described here, which has allowed for the analysis of atrazine in real time and in both quasi-equilibrium and stirred batch configurations. It illustrated that determinations as low as 0.13 muM (28 ppb) could be made using equilibrium incubation with an analytical range of 0.1-10 muM. Measurements could be made between 1 and 10 mM within several minutes using a real-time, stirred batch method. This system offers the potential for fast, simple, cost-effective biosensors for the analysis of many substances of environmental, biomedical and pharmaceutical concern. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

ROLE OF METAGENOMICS FROM TRADITIONAL MICROBIOLOGY TO GENOMIC WORLD

The study of microbial genomes through direct extraction, DNA cloning, and a panel of microorganisms is known as metagenomics.We all know that microbes are omni present in the world. Using microbial techniques for organism identification will be more helpful in understanding all the microbes that make up diversity. Microbiologists usually do all the laboratory works for the identification and characterization of the particular organisms based on their morphology. But this method of identification is not sufficient for the complete identification of microbes in the particular diversity. To fulfil this issues, we microbiologists need a better method to identify all the microbes present in the entire environment. Metagenomic methods play a major role to identify all the genes present in the particular community by means of both functional based and sequence-based screening. This method also plays a way to know the taxonomic understanding with gene profiling.Shotgun sequencing was supplanted in the area of sequencing by high-throughput third-generation sequencing (TGS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms has been shown to be an advantage by NGS and TGS. The effectiveness of petrographic profiling and genetic prediction of microbiological species will be improved by the application of new algorithms. New bioactive compounds, functional microbial genes, and microbial metabolites were studied using functional metagenomics. In this review, the main applications of metagenomics in microbiology can be elucidate

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Acoustical Resonance Technical Assessment Report

A request was submitted on September 2, 2004 concerning the uncertainties regarding the acoustic environment within the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) cavity, and the potential for structural damage from acoustical resonance or tones, especially if they occur at or near a structural mode. The requestor asked for an independent expert opinion on the approach taken by the SOFIA project to determine if the project's analysis, structural design and proposed approach to flight test were sound and conservative. The findings from this assessment are recorded in this document

Chitosan polyplex mediated delivery of miRNA-124 reduces activation of microglial cells in vitro and in rat models of spinal cord injury

AbstractTraumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is further complicated by an increase in secondary neuronal damage imposed by activated microglia/macrophages. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is responsible for mouse monocyte quiescence and reduction of their inflammatory cytokine production. We describe the formulation and ex vivo transfection of chitosan/miR-124 polyplex particles into rat microglia and the resulting reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α and lower expression of MHC-II. Upon microinjection into uninjured rat spinal cords, particles formed with Cy3-labeled control sequence RNA, were specifically internalized by OX42 positive macrophages and microglia cells. Alternatively particles injected in the peritoneum were transported by macrophages to the site of spinal cord injury 72h post injection. Microinjections of chitosan/miR-124 particles significantly reduced the number of ED-1 positive macrophages in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, these data present a potential treatment technique to reduce inflammation for a multitude of CNS neurodegenerative conditions.From the Clinical EditorThe treatment of spinal cord injury remains an unresolved problem. Secondary damage is often the result of inflammation caused by activated microglia and/or macrophages. In this article, the authors developed their formulation of chitosan/miR-124 polyplex particles and investigated their use in the suppression of neuronal inflammation. This exciting data may provide a new horizon for patients who suffer from spinal cord injury