EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CASSAVA GENOTYPE ON THE DEVELOPMENT, FECUNDITY AND REPRODUCTION OF Bemisia tabaci SSA1

The Bemisia tabaci complex is currently recognised as key agricultural pests that cause economic damage globally. Temperature is the most important driver of changes in behaviour, abundance and distribution of insect pests, including the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The objective of this study was to evaluate the development, fecundity and reproduction of B. tabaci SSA1 on cassava genotypes under a range of temperatures. A laboratory study was conducted using three cassava genotypes (Alado alado, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14) at five constant temperatures (16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 \ub0C). The parameters assessed included development duration, survival, fecundity and population parameters for B. tabaci SSA1. Temperature had significant effects (P<0.001) on development time, survival and fecundity of B. tabaci; while cassava genotype had no effect (P>0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between development time and temperature for all stages across all cassava genotypes. The total life cycle was 63.8 days at 16 \ub0C and 17.9 days at 32 \ub0C on NAROCASS 1. Survival for each stage throughout the entire life cycle increased with temperature and was highest at 32 \ub0C, although this was not significantly different from that at 28 \ub0C. Fecundity increased with temperature and was highest at 32 \ub0C on all cassava genotypes. For all cassava genotypes, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (\u3bb) and net reproductive rate (Ro) increased with temperature, while mean generation time (T) reduced following a similar pattern. At 32 \ub0C, rm, Ro, \u3bb and T were 0.2, 48.7, 1.2 and 22.6 days, respectively; compared to 0.01, 1.9, 1.0 and 71.2 days at 16 \ub0C on Alado alado. Therefore, the ideal development temperature for B. tabaci SSA1 is 32 \ub0C. Thus, there is a risk of accelerated future expansion of B. tabaci SSA1 populations globally, with global warming and climate variability.Le complexe Bemisia tabaci est actuellement reconnu comme un ravageur agricole cl\ue9 causant des dommages \ue9conomiques \ue0 l\u2019\ue9chelle mondiale. La temp\ue9rature est le facteur le plus important des changements de comportement, d\u2019abondance et de r\ue9partition des insectes ravageurs, y compris l\u2019aleurode (Bemisia tabaci). L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer le d\ue9veloppement, la f\ue9condit\ue9 et la reproduction de B. tabaci SSA1 sur des g\ue9notypes de manioc sous une gamme de temp\ue9ratures. Une \ue9tude en laboratoire a \ue9t\ue9 men\ue9e en utilisant trois g\ue9notypes de manioc (Alado alado, NAROCASS 1 et NASE 14) \ue0 cinq temp\ue9ratures constantes (16, 20, 24, 28 et 32 \ub0C). Les param\ue8tres \ue9valu\ue9s comprenaient la dur\ue9e du d\ue9veloppement, la survie, la f\ue9condit\ue9 et les param\ue8tres de population pour B. tabaci SSA1. La temp\ue9rature a eu des effets significatifs (P<0,001) sur le temps de d\ue9veloppement, la survie et la f\ue9condit\ue9 de B. tabaci, tandis que le g\ue9notype du manioc n\u2019a eu aucun effet (p>0,05). Une relation inverse a \ue9t\ue9 observ\ue9e entre le temps de d\ue9veloppement et la temp\ue9rature pour tous les stades dans tous les g\ue9notypes de manioc. Le cycle de vie total \ue9tait de 63,8 jours \ue0 16 \ub0C et de 17,9 jours \ue0 32 \ub0C sur NAROCASS 1. La survie pour chaque \ue9tape tout au long du cycle de vie entier augmentait avec la temp\ue9rature et \ue9tait maximale \ue0 32 \ub0C. Cependant, la survie \ue0 28 \ub0C n\u2019\ue9tait pas significativement diff\ue9rente de celle observ\ue9e \ue0 32 \ub0C. La f\ue9condit\ue9 augmentait avec la temp\ue9rature et \ue9tait maximale \ue0 32 \ub0C sur tous les g\ue9notypes de manioc. Pour tous les g\ue9notypes de manioc, le taux d\u2019accroissement intrins\ue8que (rm), le taux d\u2019accroissement fini (\u3bb) et le taux net de reproduction (Ro) ont augment\ue9 avec la temp\ue9rature, tandis que le temps de g\ue9n\ue9ration moyen (T) a diminu\ue9 selon un sch\ue9ma similaire. A 32 \ub0C, rm, Ro, \u3bb et T \ue9taient respectivement de 0,2, 48,7, 1,2 et 22,6 jours ; contre 0,01, 1,9, 1,0 et 71,2 jours \ue0 16 \ub0C sur Alado alado. Par cons\ue9quent, d\u2019apr\ue8s cette \ue9tude, la temp\ue9rature de d\ue9veloppement id\ue9ale pour B. tabaci SSA1 est de 32 \ub0C. Ainsi, il existe un risque d\u2019expansion future acc\ue9l\ue9r\ue9e des populations de B. tabaci SSA1 \ue0 l\u2019\ue9chelle mondiale, avec le r\ue9chauffement climatique et la variabilit\ue9 climatique

Maternal Dietary Supplementation with Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin in Gestating/Lactating Rats Preserves Maternal Bone and Improves Bone Microarchitecture in Their Offspring

This study received financial support from Abbott Nutrition, a commercial company, and coauthors PBV, MM, JMLP and RR are employees of Abbott Nutrition. There are two patents related with the data presented (EP 2502507 A1 and EP 2745706 A1).Some of these results were presented in the 7th World Congress of DOHaD (2011) and in the World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease (WCO-IOF-ESCEO) (2014).Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation could exert a key role not only on maternal bone, but also could influence the skeletal development of the offspring. This study was performed in rats to assess the relationship between maternal dietary intake of prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin and its role in bone turnover during gestation and lactation, as well as its effect on offspring peak bone mass/architecture during early adulthood. Rat dams were fed either with standard rodent diet (CC group), calcium-fortified diet (Ca group), or prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin supplemented diet (Pre group), during the second half of gestation and lactation. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC), as well as micro-structure of dams and offspring at different stages were analysed. Dams in the Pre group had significantly higher trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and smaller specific bone surface (BS/BV) of the tibia in comparison with CC dams. The Pre group offspring during early adulthood had an increase of the lumbar vertebra BMD when compared with offspring of CC and Ca groups. The Pre group offspring also showed significant increase versus CC in cancellous and cortical structural parameters of the lumbar vertebra 4 such as Tb.Th, cortical BMD and decreased BS/BV. The results indicate that oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation can be considered as a plausible nutritional option for protecting against maternal bone loss during gestation and lactation preventing bone fragility and for optimizing peak bone mass and architecture of the offspring in order to increase bone strength.This study was funded by Abbott Nutrition R&D, and co-authors PBV, MM, JMLP and RR receive salary from Abbott Nutrition

Charge-parity symmetry observed through Friedel oscillations in chiral charge-density waves

We discovered a chiral behavior of Friedel oscillations (FOs), which have both triangular symmetry and inverse chirality from chiral charge-density waves (CDWs) in 1T-TiSe2 by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Surprisingly, the existence of FOs with the opposite chirality to the underlying CDWs suggests that the excess electron induced by impurity reduces the local helicity of CDWs without CDW breaking. This FOs can be explained with a two-branch model with different chiralities, which permits excitation from one branch to another, that is, Dirac-type dispersion. Moreover, we found two states that correspond to electron addition and electron removal. In terms of the chirality of electrons, these two states are the same. This result provides an evidence for the charge-parity (CP) symmetry conservation in CDW systems

S100A16, a promising candidate as a prognostic marker for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resected lung adenocarcinoma

Ken Katono,1 Yuichi Sato,2 Makoto Kobayashi,3 Ryo Nagashio,2 Shinichiro Ryuge,1 Satoshi Igawa,1 Masaaki Ichinoe,4 Yoshiki Murakumo,4 Makoto Saegusa,4 Noriyuki Masuda1 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, 2Department of Molecular Diagnostics, School of Allied Health Sciences, 3Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Purpose: Although cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer, not all patients show a survival benefit, and some patients experience severe toxicity. Therefore, identifying biomarkers is important for selecting subgroups of patients who may show improved survival with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. S100A16 is thought to play key roles during different steps of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of S100A16 expression as a prognostic marker in patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma receiving platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: S100A16 expression was immunohistochemically studied in 65 consecutive lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent complete resection and received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of S100A16 expression on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: S100A16 expression was detected in 26 of the 65 (40.0%) lung adenocarcinoma patients. Although S100A16 expression was not correlated with DFS (P=0.062), it was significantly correlated with OS (P=0.009). In addition, multivariable analysis revealed that S100A16 expression independently predicted a poorer survival (HR =4.79; 95% CI =1.87–12.23; P=0.001). Conclusion: The present study revealed that S100A16 is a promising candidate as a prognostic marker for platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in resected lung adenocarcinoma. A further large-scale study is needed to confirm the present results. Keywords: S100A16, lung adenocarcinoma, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, immunohistochemistry, prognostic marke