Distribution of Atherix ibis (Diptera, Athericidae) in Fennoscandia

The Finnish distribution of Atherix ibis (Fabricius) was surveyed by searching for the female cones, or clusters, from the underside of bridges, by kick-net sampling (2 min) in the running water habitats and by newspaper inquires. Additional records were received from our colleagues, as well as from neighbouring countries. A. ibis was found in Finland from ten biogeographical provinces forming a clear northern and eastern distribution. The Fennoscandian distribution acquired a western extension due to recent discoveries in northern Sweden

Biological control of Japanese rose using Chondrostereum purpureum

Haitallisten vieraslajien leviäminen on kasvava ongelma niin luonnon monimuotoisuuden vähenemisen vuoksi kuin taloudellisestikin. Ilmaston muutoksen vuoksi vieraslajien on ennakoitu leviävän yhä laajemmille alueille. Kurtturuusu (Rosa rugosa L.) on levinnyt laajasti ihmisen tuomana koristekasvina. Kurtturuusu syrjäyttää alkuperäistä kasvillisuutta ja on ongelma sille ominaisilla kasvupaikoilla meren rannoilla. Se on uhka useille uhanalaisille luontotyypeille ja näillä kasvaville kasveille. Lehtipuiden lahottajasientä, purppuranahakkaa (Chondrostereum purpureum Pers. ex Fr.) on tutkittu biologisena torjujana. Menetelmällä on saatu hyviä tuloksia myös ruusukasvien (Rosaceae) lajeilla kuten kiiltotuomella (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) ja pilvikirsikalla (Prunus pensylvanica L. f.). Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko purppuranahakkakäsittely potentiaalinen torjuntamenetelmä myös kurtturuusun torjunnassa. Purppuranahakan vaikutusta kurtturuusuun tutkittiin yhden kasvukauden ajan Helsingin Lauttasaaressa. Tutkimuksessa katkaistiin kurtturuusut ja ruiskutettiin tuoreille kantopinnoille purppuranahakkaliuosta kesäkuussa 2021. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kesä-syyskuussa 2021. Lyhyestä tarkastelujaksosta huolimatta tulokset ovat lupaavia. Sienikäsittely vähensi elävien vesojen määrää ja lisäsi kuolleiden vesojen määrää. Elävien vesojen maksimikorkeus jäi matalammaksi ja kiulukoiden määrä oli selvästi pienempi sienikäsitellyillä ruusuilla kuin kontrollikasvustoissa, jotka katkaistiin, mutta joihin ei ruiskutettu purppuranahakkasientä. Tulosten perusteella näyttää siltä, että purppuranahakka käsittely on potentiaalinen menetelmä kurtturuusun torjunnassa.Invasive non-native species create an increasing threat to diversity in nature and economics. Invasive species are expected to spread even wider due to climate chance. The Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa L.) is a species widely spread by humans for its decorative value. The japanese rose replaces native plant species and creates problems on seashores, where it thrives. It creates a threat to many endangered biotopes and their plantation. Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) has been studied for a biological method for brushwood maintenance. The method has yielded good results on several species of the Rosaceae family , for instance on Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvaica L.f.) This study aims to declare, whether C. purpureum can be viewed as a potential method for controlling the Japanese rose. The effect of C. purpureum on the Japanese rose was studied for one growing season in Lauttasaari, Helsinki. In the study, the roses were cut and the freshly cut surfaces were treated with a C. purpureum solution in June 2021. The data were collected in June-September 2021. Despite the shortness of the study period, the results were promising. The fungal treatment decreased the number of live sprouts and increased the number of dead sprouts. Living sprouts were shorter and the amount of rosehip berries was lower in roses treated using C. purpureum than in roses that were cut only. It seems that the C. purpureum treatment provides a potential method for controlling the Japanese rose

Establishment and interspecific associations in two species of Ichthyocotylurus (Trematoda) parasites in perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Background: Co-infections of multiple parasite species in hosts may lead to interspecific associations and subsequently shape the structure of a parasite community. However, few studies have focused on these associations in highly abundant parasite species or, in particular, investigated how the associations develop with time in hosts exposed to co-infecting parasite species for the first time. We investigated metacercarial establishment and interspecific associations in the trematodes Ichthyocotylurus variegatus and I. pileatus co-infecting three age cohorts of young perch (Perca fluviatilis). Results: We found that the timing of transmission of the two Ichthyocotylurus species was very similar, but they showed differences in metacercarial development essentially so that the metacercariae of I. pileatus became encapsulated faster. Correlations between the abundances of the species were significantly positive after the first summer of host life and also within the main site of infection, the swim bladder. High or low abundances of both parasite species were also more frequent in the same host individuals than expected by chance, independently of host age or size. However, the highest abundances of the species were nevertheless observed in different host individuals and this pattern was consistent in all age cohorts. Conclusions: The results suggest similar temporal patterns of transmission, non-random establishment, and facilitative rather than competitive associations between the parasite species independently of the age of the infracommunities. However, we suggest that spatial differences in exposure are most likely responsible for the segregation of the parasite species observed in the few most heavily infected hosts. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, the result suggests that between-species associations should be interpreted with caution along with detailed examination of the parasite distribution among host individuals.peerReviewe

Prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Karnal district, Haryana state, India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little work has been done on the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in north India. This paper reports the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Karnal district of Haryana state, India.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Prevalence of type 1 diabetes was assessed by a hospital-based registry and by analysis of data contributed by chemists and other physicians.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Karnal district is 10.20/100,000 population, with a higher prevalence in urban (26.6/100,000) as compared to rural areas (4.27/100,000). Karnal city, with a population of 222017, has a relatively high prevalence of type 1 diabetes (31.9/100,000). The prevalence in men is higher (11.56/100,000) than in women (8.6/100,000).</p> <p>In the 5 to 16 years age group, the prevalence is 22.22/100,000, while in the 0-5 years age group, prevalence is 3.82/100,000.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This report highlights the urban-rural and male-female gradient in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Karnal, north India.</p

The nature of co-morbid psychopathology in adolescents with gender dysphoria

Gender-referred adolescents (GR) have been reported to present with considerable psychiatric symptomatology compared to their age-peers. There is, however, little research on how they compare to adolescents referred due to mental health problems (MHR). We set out to compare psychopathology in adolescents referred to our specialized gender identity unit (n = 84) and adolescents referred to a general adolescent psychiatric clinic (n = 293) in a university hospital setting in Finland. Of the GR adolescents, 40.9% had not received any psychiatric diagnosis during adolescence. Eating disorders were less common in the GR than in the MHR group, but otherwise the prevalences of disorders did not differ statistically significantly. At the symptom level, the GR adolescents displayed significantly more suicidal ideation and talk and less alcohol abuse and eating disorder symptoms than did the MHR adolescents, but otherwise their symptom profiles were comparable. Additionally, the GR adolescents had significantly fewer total externalizing symptoms than did the MHR adolescents. Adolescents seeking gender affirming treatments present with psychiatric symptoms and disorders comparable to those seen among adolescent psychiatric patients. Medical gender affirming care may not be a sufficient intervention for treating psychiatric comorbidities of adolescents with gender dysphoria.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Production of a C-15 radioactive ion beam based on O-18(n, alpha)

.In the context of the SPIRAL2 radioactive beam facility the production rate of the neutron-rich C-15 nucleus by O-18(n,) has been investigated. In a water target of 20 cm(3), enriched in O-18 and placed behind the neutron converter, a rate of a few 10(10) nuclei per second can be reached with 1mA of 40MeV deuterons. A O-18(n,) cross-section based on the activation method is proposed. It is intermediate between the highest and lowest evaluations available to date.Peer reviewe

Incidence trends in childhood onset IDDM in four countries around the Baltic sea during 1983-1992

Funding Information: Acknowledgements. This study was partly supported by theWe present secular trends of childhood onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during the period of 1983-1992. Incidence data were obtained from the national IDDM registries. The average age-standardized incidence per 100,000/year was 35.0 in Finland, followed by 10.2 in Estonia, 7.1 in Lithuania and 6.5 in Latvia. A male excess in incidence was recorded in Finland (1.15) and Latvia (1.01). In all countries, the highest age-specific risk of IDDM was observed in the 11-13 year age range. The large difference in incidence between Finland and other Baltic countries was seen even in 1-2-year-old children. During the 10-year study period overall changes in incidence of IDDM were relatively small in these four countries. The incidence increased in Finland and Lithuania on average by 1% and 1.4% per year, respectively. A statistically significant increase was recorded only in 0-4 year old children in Finland, at 5.6% per year. In Estonia, an 8.3% increase in this age group, however, was not statistically significant The different trends in the age-group specific incidence rates were confirmed in Finland. In conclusion, from 1983 to 1992 the incidence of childhood onset IDDM was increasing in Finland and Lithuania, while in Latvia and Estonia it was stable. There are still great differences in IDDM incidence between the countries around the Baltic Sea.Peer reviewe

Participative Facility Planning for Obstetrical and Neonatal Care Processes: Beginning of Life Process

Introduction. Old hospitals may promote inefficient patient care processes and safety. A new, functionally planned hospital presents a chance to create an environment that supports streamlined, patient-centered healthcare processes and adapts to users' needs. This study depicts the phases of a facility planning project for pregnant women and newborn care processes (beginning of life process) at Turku University Hospital. Materials and Methods. Project design reports and meeting documents were utilized to assess the beginning of life process as well as the work processes of the Women's and Children's Hospital. Results. The main elements of the facility design (FD) project included rigorous preparation for the FD phase, functional planning throughout the FD process, and setting key values: (1) family-centered care, (2) Lean thinking and Lean tools as the framework for the FD process, (3) safety, and (4) cooperation. Conclusions. A well-prepared FD project with sufficient insight into functional planning, Lean thinking, and user-centricity seemed to facilitate the actual FD process. Although challenges occurred, the key values were not forgone and were successfully incorporated into the new hospital building

Ultra-Sensitive Hot-Electron Nanobolometers for Terahertz Astrophysics

The background-limited spectral imaging of the early Universe requires spaceborne terahertz (THz) detectors with the sensitivity 2-3 orders of magnitude better than that of the state-of-the-art bolometers. To realize this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, novel detector designs should combine an ultrasmall heat capacity of a sensor with its unique thermal isolation. Quantum effects in thermal transport at nanoscale put strong limitations on the further improvement of traditional membrane-supported bolometers. Here we demonstrate an innovative approach by developing superconducting hot-electron nanobolometers in which the electrons are cooled only due to a weak electron-phonon interaction. At T<0.1K, the electron-phonon thermal conductance in these nanodevices becomes less than one percent of the quantum of thermal conductance. The hot-electron nanobolometers, sufficiently sensitive for registering single THz photons, are very promising for submillimeter astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting.Comment: 19 pages, 3 color figure