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The Vatard Sisters

Les Soeurs Vatard, described by its author as a “lewd but exact” slice of life, was J.-K. Huysmans’ second novel. Huysmans abandoned poetry and turned to the novel at a time when the works of Emile Zola were intensely controversial; Les Soeurs Vatard is dedicated to Zola by his fervent admirer and devoted friend. In it, Huysmans vividly depicts the scene that for his generation of French writers stood for the contemporary world: the brutal, teeming life of the industrial quarters of Paris in the 1870s. Huysmans’ Vatard sisters are “Désirée, an urchin of fifteen, a brunette with large, pale eyes that were somewhat crossed, plump without being fat, attractive and clean; and Céline, the carouser, a big girl with clear eyes and hair the color of straw, a solid, vigorous girl whose blood raced and danced in her veins. The two are part of that “bizarre race of young women” who work as bookbinders, whose lives revolve around the gaslighted bindery works, the gaudy shop windows, and cheap wineshops that Huysmans describes with minute and colorful detail. His precisely observed sketches show that Naturalism as practiced by Buysmans had none of Zola\u27 s emphasis on “scientific” determinism, but centered primarily on the faithful rendering of what he described as “living persons in real milieus.” The Vatard Sisters is the first English translation of Les Soeurs Vatard. James C. Babcock is professor of French at Western Kentucky University.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_french_and_francophone_literature/1005/thumbnail.jp

Serological research of Salmonella on Belgian pig farms

Risk factors for Salmonellosis in pigs were investigated in a cross-sectional study on 144 Belgian farrow-to-finish herds belonging to one slaughterhouse co-operation. Herd data were collected using a questionnaire. The blood samples were serologically analyzed. Variables significantly related to the Salmonella prevalence in the univariate analyses were subsequently analysed in a multivariate model. Furthermore, the clustering of Salmonella infection within the herd, section and pen was studied. The average within-herd seroprevalence was: 73.4% when using OD 10%. In the multivariate analyses the structure of the feed seems to be the most important factor of the model with five factors. Feeding pigs meal instead of granulated or crumb is a protecting factor for Salmonella. Other risk factors in the multivariate model are natural ventilation, less then 3 days emptiness after wet cleansing, not dry cleansing of sows’ pen before wet cleansing and the absence of dogs in the pig houses

Correlation between bacteriology of lymph nodes and serology for Salmonella diagnosis in slaughter pigs

Salmonella control programs in pigs are usually based on serological tests. The major objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the correlation between the serological results and the bacteriological results of Salmonella diagnosis in pigs at the herd level and at the animal level. From 60 farrow-to-finish herds, serum samples and mesenterial lymph nodes from 30 fattening pigs were taken in the slaughterhouse

Coupling JOREK and STARWALL for Non-linear Resistive-wall Simulations

The implementation of a resistive-wall extension to the non-linear MHD-code JOREK via a coupling to the vacuum-field code STARWALL is presented along with first applications and benchmark results. Also, non-linear saturation in the presence of a resistive wall is demonstrated. After completion of the ongoing verification process, this code extension will allow to perform non-linear simulations of MHD instabilities in the presence of three-dimensional resistive walls with holes for limited and X-point plasmas.Comment: Contribution for "Theory Of Fusion Plasmas, Joint Varenna - Lausanne International Workshop, Villa Monastero, Varenna, Italy (27.-31.8.2012)", accepted for publication in Journal of Physics Conference Serie

Expression kinetics and innate immune response after electroporation and LNP-mediated delivery of a self-amplifying mRNA in the skin

In this work, we studied the expression kinetics and innate immune response of a self-amplifying mRNA (sa-RNA) after electroporation and lipid-nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery in the skin of mice. Intradermal electroporation of the sa-RNA resulted in a plateau-shaped expression, with the plateau between day 3 and day 10. The overall protein expression of sa-RNA was significantly higher than that obtained after electroporation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) or non-replication mRNAs. Moreover, using IFN-beta reporter mice, we elucidated that intradermal electroporation of sa-RNA induced a short-lived moderate innate immune response, which did not affect the expression of the sa-RNA. A completely different expression profile and innate immune response were observed when LNPs were used. The expression peaked 24 h after intradermal injection of sa-RNA-LNPs and subsequently showed a sharp drop. This drop might be explained by a translational blockage caused by the strong innate immune response that we observed in IFN-beta reporter mice shortly (4 h) after intradermal injection of sa-RNA-LNPs. A final interesting observation was the capacity of sa-RNA-LNPs to transfect the draining lymph nodes after intradermal injection

Dying two deaths - programmed cell death regulation in development and disease

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process that has adopted a plethora of vital functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, PCD processes are elicited as an inherent part of regular development in specific cell types or tissues, but can also be triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses. Although over the last years we have seen progress in our understanding of the molecular regulation of different plant PCD processes, it is still unclear whether a common core machinery exists that controls cell death in development and disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field, comparing some aspects of the molecular regulation controlling developmental and pathogen-triggered PCD in plants