Nonstable K-Theory for graph algebras

We compute the monoid V (LK(E)) of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective modules over certain graph algebras LK(E), and we show that this monoid satisfies the refinement property and separative cancellation. We also show that there is a natural isomorphism between the lattice of graded ideals of LK(E) and the lattice of order-ideals of V (LK(E)). When K is the field C of complex numbers, the algebra LC(E) is a dense subalgebra of the graph C -algebra C (E), and we show that the inclusion map induces an isomorphism between the corresponding monoids. As a consequence, the graph C*-algebra of any row-finite graph turns out to satisfy the stable weak cancellation propert

Gender differences in ethanol preference and ingestion in rats. The role of the gonadal steroid environment.

An ethanol oral self administration paradigm showed the existence of gender differences in alcohol preference in rats: whereas males and females initiated alcohol drinking at similar rates, females maintained their preference for ethanol over a longer duration. Neonatal estrogenization of females, which effectively confers a male phenotype on a genetically female brain, resulted in patterns of drinking that were similar to those displayed by intact male rats, indicating that gender differences in alcohol drinking patterns may be, at least partially, accounted for by sexual differentiation of the brain. To test whether gonadal steroids also exert activational effects on ethanol-seeking behavior, we also examined the effects of gonadectomy alone, or in combination with gonadal steroid replacement therapy. Castration did not significantly alter ethanol consumption in males, although treatment of castrated rats with dihydrotestosterone resulted in a significant inhibition of this parameter. As compared with the situation in intact female rats, ethanol ingestion was significantly reduced in ovariectomized female rats receiving estradiol (E2) and in ovariectomized female rats receiving combined E2 and progesterone replacement therapy. However, neither ovariectomy nor progesterone replacement in ovariectomized rats resulted in ethanol drinking patterns that were different compared to those observed in intact female controls. Thus, dihydrotestosterone and E2, respectively, appear to exert modulatory influences on the male and female rats' preference for ethanol, but further investigations are necessary to determine to what extent these effects result from activational actions on the brain

Gender Differences in Ethanol Preference and Ingestion in Rats The Role of the Gonadal Steroid Environment

An ethanol oral self administration paradigm showed the existence of gender differences in alcohol preference in rats: whereas males and females initiated alcohol drinking at similar rates, females maintained their preference for ethanol over a longer duration. Neonatal estrogenization of females, which effectively confers a male phenotype on a genetically female brain, resulted in patterns of drinking that were similar to those displayed by intact male rats, indicating that gender differences in alcohol drinking patterns may be, at least partially, accounted for by sexual differentiation of the brain. To test whether gonadal steroids also exert activational effects on ethanol-seeking behavior, we also examined the effects of gonadectomy alone, or in combination with gonadal steroid replacement therapy. Castration di

Präklinische Post-Cardiac-Arrest-Sedierung und -Behandlung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – eine webbasierte Umfrage unter notärztlichem Personal

Jansen G, Latka E, Deicke M, et al. Präklinische Post-Cardiac-Arrest-Sedierung und -Behandlung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – eine webbasierte Umfrage unter notärztlichem Personal. Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin. 2023.Hintergrund Die Optimierung der Postreanimationsbehandlung (PRB) rückt in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus und erfordert oft eine Post-Cardiac-Arrest-Sedierung (PCAS). Diese Studie evaluiert die Durchführung von PCAS und PRB von deutschen Notarzt*innen. Material und Methoden Auswertung einer Onlineumfrage von Oktober bis November 2022. Gefragt wurde nach Durchführung, eingesetzten Medikamenten, Komplikationen und Beweggründen für die Durchführung oder den Verzicht auf eine PCAS sowie nach Maßnahmen des PRB. Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 500 Notarzt*innen an der Umfrage teil, wovon 367 (73,4 %) Teilnehmende eine PCAS durchführten (Hypnotika: 84,7 %; Analgetika: 71,1 %; ergänzt um Relaxanzien: 29,7 %). Beweggründe waren Pressen (88,3 %), Analgesie (74,1 %), Synchronisation an den Respirator (59,5 %) und Wechsel eines extraglottischen auf einen endotrachealen Atemweg (52,6 %). Bewegründe für den Verzicht waren Bewusstlosigkeit (73,7 %), Sorge vor Hypotonie (31,6 %) bzw. Re-Arrest (26,3 %) und Verschlechterung der neurologischen Beurteilbarkeit (22,5 %). Beobachtete Komplikationen (19,3 %) waren Hypotension (74,6 %) und Re-Arrest (32,4 %). Die PRB umfasste 12-Kanal-Elektrokardiogramm (96,6 %); Kapnographie (91,6 %); Katecholamingabe (77,6 %); Sonographie von Herz (20,6 %), Lungen (12,0 %) und Abdomen (5,6 %), Hypothermie (13,6 %) und Blutgasanalyse (7,4 %). Ein etCO2 von 35–45 mm Hg wurde von 203 (40,6 %), ein SpO2 von 94–98 % von 45 (9,0 %) und ein systolischer Blutdruck von ≥ 100 mm Hg von 194 (19,2 %) angestrebt. Diskussion Die präklinische PRB ist heterogen und Abweichungen von in den Leitlinien empfohlenen Zielparametern sind häufig. Eine PCAS erfolgt häufig und ist mit relevanten Komplikationen verbunden. Die Entwicklung von präklinischen Versorgungsalgorithmen für PCAS und PRB erscheint dringend erforderlich.Background This study evaluates the implementation of postcardiac-arrest-sedation (PCAS) and -care (PRC) by prehospital emergency physicians in Germany. Materials and methods Analysis of a web-based survey from October to November 2022. Questions were asked about implementation, medications used, complications, motivation for implementing or not implementing PCAS, and measures and target parameters of PRC. Results A total of 500 emergency physicians participated in the survey. In all, 73.4% stated that they regularly performed PCAS (hypnotics: 84.7%; analgesics: 71.1%; relaxants: 29.7%). Indications were pressing against the respirator (88.3%), analgesia (74.1%), synchronization to respirator (59.5%), and change of airway device (52.6%). Reasons for not performing PCAS (26.6%) included unconscious patients (73.7%); concern about hypotension (31.6%), re-arrest (26.3%), and worsening neurological assessment (22.5%). Complications of PCAS were observed by 19.3% of participants (acute hypotension [74.6%]); (re-arrest [32.4%]). In addition to baseline monitoring, PRC included 12-lead-electrocardiogram (96.6%); capnography (91.6%); catecholamine therapy (77.6%); focused echocardiography (20.6%), lung ultrasound (12.0%) and abdominal ultrasound (5.6%); induction of hypothermia (13.6%) and blood gas analysis (7.4%). An etCO2 of 35–45 mm Hg was targeted by 40.6%, while 9.0% of participants targeted an SpO2 of 94–98% and 19.2% of participants targeted a systolic blood pressure of ≥ 100 mm Hg. Conclusions Prehospital PRC in Germany is heterogeneous and deviations from its target parameters are frequent. PCAS is frequent and associated with relevant complications. The development of preclinical care algorithms for PCAS and PRC within preclinical care seems urgently needed

Studie zur Festlegung und Optimierung der Massnahmen zur Reduzierung der Schwefeldioxid-Emissionen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Phase 2(a). Oktober 1974 - September 1975

TIB: RN 8908 (76-008) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman