592 research outputs found
Hvor lĂžnnsomt er det Ă„ drive avtalepraksis? En studie av markedet og lĂžnnsomhetsforhold for privatpraksiser innen psykologi
FormÄlet med oppgaven er Ä undersÞke markedet og lÞnnsomhetsforhold for norske
privatpraksiser innen psykologi for Ä forstÄ hvorfor det har blitt fÊrre sÞkere pÄ avtalehjemlene
de siste Ärene. Markedet kan deles inn i to delmarkeder bestÄende av henholdsvis
avtalepraksiser og helprivate praksiser. Utredningen baseres pÄ kvantitative og kvalitative
analyser som belyser markedsforhold og lÞnnsomhetsnivÄ for privatpraksiser generelt, og
lĂžnnsomhetsvariasjoner for avtalepraksiser. LĂžnnsomheten er analysert med utgangspunkt i
data innhentet fra Bisnode SmartCheck og Helsedirektoratet. Datagrunnlaget bestÄr av 21
avtalepraksiser og 36 helprivate praksiser gjennom analyseperioden fra 2016 til 2020. Vi har
ogsÄ intervjuet to avtalespesialister, en helprivat psykolog, samt en advokat og spesialrÄdgiver
i Norsk psykologforening som har bidratt til dybdeinnsikt i markeds- og lĂžnnsomhetsforhold.
Markedsforholdene for de to praksisformene er noe ulike med hensyn til etableringsbarrierer
og kundemakt. Fra intervjuene fremgÄr det likevel at ingen av delmarkedene preges av
konkurranse pÄ grunn av etterspÞrselsoverskudd. Avtalepraksisene er underlagt de regionale
helseforetakene og er derfor i stĂžrre grad regulert, og opplever lavere grad av autonomi. Flere
reguleringer de senere Ärene kan dermed ha bidratt til fÊrre sÞkere pÄ avtalehjemlene.
Gjennomsnittlig lÞnnsomhetsnivÄ for avtalepraksiser og helprivate praksiser i vÄrt utvalg er
pÄ henholdsvis 25 og 23 prosent driftsmargin, men det er ikke signifikant mer lÞnnsomt Ä drive
avtalepraksis. Sammenliknet med andre aktÞrer innenfor helsetjenesten fremstÄr
lĂžnnsomheten relativt hĂžy. Samtidig er det store lĂžnnsomhetsvariasjoner mellom praksisene i
delmarkedene. Gjennom analyseperioden ser lĂžnnsomheten ut til Ă„ ha falt 6 prosentpoeng for
avtalepraksiser, mens utviklingen har vĂŠrt relativt stabil for helprivate praksiser. Nedgangen
i lÞnnsomhet for avtalepraksisene kan muligens vÊre en Ärsak til fÊrre sÞkere pÄ hjemlene.
Fra analyser av lĂžnnsomhetsvariasjoner fant vi at antall pasienter var den eneste variabelen
med signifikant innvirkning pÄ lÞnnsomheten for avtalepraksiser i vÄrt utvalg. Avtalepraksiser
med flere pasienter virker dermed Ă„ vĂŠre mer lĂžnnsomme. Likevel er ikke resultatet robust for
endringer, og hvilke forhold som forklarerer lĂžnnsomhetsforskjeller er derfor usikkert.
Utredningen er for Þvrig en pilotstudie pÄ lÞnnsomhet for privatpraksiser og bÊrer derfor preg
av begrensninger knyttet til utvalgsstÞrrelse, kvalitet pÄ datamateriale og tidligere empiri.nhhma
The TF Limit for Rapidly Rotating Bose Gases in Anharmonic Traps
Starting from the full many body Hamiltonian we derive the leading order
energy and density asymptotics for the ground state of a dilute, rotating Bose
gas in an anharmonic trap in the ` Thomas Fermi' (TF) limit when the
Gross-Pitaevskii coupling parameter and/or the rotation velocity tend to
infinity. Although the many-body wave function is expected to have a
complicated phase, the leading order contribution to the energy can be computed
by minimizing a simple functional of the density alone
Symmetry of matrix-valued stochastic processes and noncolliding diffusion particle systems
As an extension of the theory of Dyson's Brownian motion models for the
standard Gaussian random-matrix ensembles, we report a systematic study of
hermitian matrix-valued processes and their eigenvalue processes associated
with the chiral and nonstandard random-matrix ensembles. In addition to the
noncolliding Brownian motions, we introduce a one-parameter family of
temporally homogeneous noncolliding systems of the Bessel processes and a
two-parameter family of temporally inhomogeneous noncolliding systems of Yor's
generalized meanders and show that all of the ten classes of eigenvalue
statistics in the Altland-Zirnbauer classification are realized as particle
distributions in the special cases of these diffusion particle systems. As a
corollary of each equivalence in distribution of a temporally inhomogeneous
eigenvalue process and a noncolliding diffusion process, a stochastic-calculus
proof of a version of the Harish-Chandra (Itzykson-Zuber) formula of integral
over unitary group is established.Comment: LaTeX, 27 pages, 4 figures, v3: Minor corrections made for
publication in J. Math. Phy
Overall survival after resection for colon cancer in a national cohort study was adversely affected by TNM stage, lymph node ratio, gender, and old age
Background A national surveillance program of colon cancer treatment was introduced in 2007. We examined prognostic factors for colon cancer operated in 2000 with an aim of improving survival in the new program and a special focus on the merit of lymph node yield. Methods A cohort of 269 patients, 152 women (56.5%), with a mean age of 71 years, was operated for colon cancer in 2000 at three teaching hospitals and followed up for 7 years. Results Overall 5-year survival was 58.0%, and overall hospital mortality was 5.2%, with 4.5% in elective cases and 12.5% after urgent surgery. In only 41.1% of the specimens were 12 or more lymph nodes retrieved, but this did not affect survival in the combined cohort, although one of the hospitals achieved a significantly better result with a harvest of 12 or more lymph nodes. In a multivariate analysis, old age, gender, a high lymph node ratio (LNR) at stage III, and tumorânodeâmetastasis stage were adverse factors for survival. Conclusions The operative mortality was high and should be reassessed. The lymph node count did not have a significant impact on outcome overall, whereas the LNR proved significant for stage III. A prospective protocol using overall lymph node yield as a surrogate measure for more radical surgery, nevertheless, seems warranted to improve the lymph node harvest according to international recommendations
The Transition to a Giant Vortex Phase in a Fast Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate
We study the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) energy functional for a fast rotating
Bose-Einstein condensate on the unit disc in two dimensions. Writing the
coupling parameter as 1 / \eps^2 we consider the asymptotic regime \eps
\to 0 with the angular velocity proportional to
(\eps^2|\log\eps|)^{-1} . We prove that if \Omega = \Omega_0
(\eps^2|\log\eps|)^{-1} and then a minimizer of
the GP energy functional has no zeros in an annulus at the boundary of the disc
that contains the bulk of the mass. The vorticity resides in a complementary
`hole' around the center where the density is vanishingly small. Moreover, we
prove a lower bound to the ground state energy that matches, up to small
errors, the upper bound obtained from an optimal giant vortex trial function,
and also that the winding number of a GP minimizer around the disc is in accord
with the phase of this trial function.Comment: 52 pages, PDFLaTex. Minor corrections, sign convention modified. To
be published in Commun. Math. Phy
Generalized Bose-Einstein Condensation
Generalized Bose-Einstein condensation (GBEC) involves condensates appearing
simultaneously in multiple states. We review examples of the three types in an
ideal Bose gas with different geometries. In Type I there is a discrete number
of quantum states each having macroscopic occupation; Type II has condensation
into a continuous band of states, with each state having macroscopic
occupation; in Type III each state is microscopically occupied while the entire
condensate band is macroscopically occupied. We begin by discussing Type I or
"normal" BEC into a single state for an isotropic harmonic oscillator
potential. Other geometries and external potentials are then considered: the
{}"channel" potential (harmonic in one dimension and hard-wall in the other),
which displays Type II, the {}"cigar trap" (anisotropic harmonic potential),
and the "Casimir prism" (an elongated box), the latter two having Type III
condensations. General box geometries are considered in an appendix. We
particularly focus on the cigar trap, which Van Druten and Ketterle first
showed had a two-step condensation: a GBEC into a band of states at a
temperature and another "one-dimensional" transition at a lower
temperature into the ground state. In a thermodynamic limit in which
the ratio of the dimensions of the anisotropic harmonic trap is kept fixed,
merges with the upper transition, which then becomes a normal BEC.
However, in the thermodynamic limit of Beau and Zagrebnov, in which the ratio
of the boundary lengths increases exponentially, becomes fixed at the
temperature of a true Type I phase transition. The effects of interactions on
GBEC are discussed and we show that there is evidence that Type III
condensation may have been observed in the cigar trap.Comment: 17 pages; 6 figures. Intended for American Journal of Physic
The Pfam protein families database
Pfam is a comprehensive collection of protein domains and families, represented as multiple sequence alignments and as profile hidden Markov models. The current release of Pfam (22.0) contains 9318 protein families. Pfam is now based not only on the UniProtKB sequence database, but also on NCBI GenPept and on sequences from selected metagenomics projects. Pfam is available on the web from the consortium members using a new, consistent and improved website design in the UK (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/), the USA (http://pfam.janelia.org/) and Sweden (http://pfam.sbc.su.se/), as well as from mirror sites in France (http://pfam.jouy.inra.fr/) and South Korea (http://pfam.ccbb.re.kr/)
Remotely Sensed Canopy Nitrogen Correlates With Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest
Tropical forests exhibit significant heterogeneity in plant functional and chemical traits that may contribute to spatial patterns of key soil biogeochemical processes, such as carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. Although tropical forests are the largest ecosystem source of nitrous oxide (N2O), drivers of spatial patterns within forests are poorly resolved. Here, we show that local variation in canopy foliar N, mapped by remoteâsensing image spectroscopy, correlates with patterns of soil N2O emission from a lowland tropical rainforest. We identified ten 0.25 ha plots (assemblages of 40â70 individual trees) in which average remotelyâsensed canopy N fell above or below the regional mean. The plots were located on a single minimallyâdissected terrace (km2) where soil type, vegetation structure and climatic conditions were relatively constant. We measured N2O fluxes monthly for 1 yr and found that high canopy N species assemblages had on average threeâfold higher total mean N2O fluxes than nearby lower canopy N areas. These differences are consistent with strong differences in litter stoichiometry, nitrification rates and soil nitrate concentrations. Canopy N status was also associated with microbial community characteristics: lower canopy N plots had twoâfold greater soil fungal to bacterial ratios and a significantly lower abundance of ammoniaâoxidizing archaea, although genes associated with denitrification (nirS, nirK, nosZ) showed no relationship with N2O flux. Overall, landscape emissions from this ecosystem are at the lowest end of the spectrum reported for tropical forests, consist with multiple metrics indicating that these highly productive forests retain N tightly and have low plantâavailable losses. These data point to connections between canopy and soil processes that have largely been overlooked as a driver of denitrification. Defining relationships between remotelyâsensed plant traits and soil processes offers the chance to map these processes at large scales, potentially increasing our ability to predict N2O emissions in heterogeneous landscapes
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Author Correction: The potential of gypsum speleothems for paleoclimatology: application to the Iberian Roman Humid Period.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
Infinite systems of non-colliding generalized meanders and Riemann-Liouville differintegrals
Yor's generalized meander is a temporally inhomogeneous modification of the
-dimensional Bessel process with , in which the
inhomogeneity is indexed by . We introduce the
non-colliding particle systems of the generalized meanders and prove that they
are the Pfaffian processes, in the sense that any multitime correlation
function is given by a Pfaffian. In the infinite particle limit, we show that
the elements of matrix kernels of the obtained infinite Pfaffian processes are
generally expressed by the Riemann-Liouville differintegrals of functions
comprising the Bessel functions used in the fractional calculus,
where orders of differintegration are determined by . As special
cases of the two parameters , the present infinite systems
include the quaternion determinantal processes studied by Forrester, Nagao and
Honner and by Nagao, which exhibit the temporal transitions between the
universality classes of random matrix theory.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, v3: The argument given in Section 3.2 was
simplified. Minor corrections were mad
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