Design, construction and evaluation of a 12.2 GHz, 4.0 kW-CW high efficiency klystron amplifier

An analytical and experimental program is described, for studying design techniques for optimizing the conversion efficiency of klystron amplifiers, and to utilize these techniques in the development and fabrication of an X-band 4 kW cw klystron, for use in satellite-borne television broadcast transmitters. The design is based on a technique for increasing the RF beam current by using the second harmonic space charge forces in the bunched beam. Experimental analysis was also made of a method to enhance circuit efficiency in the klystron cavities. The design incorporates a collector which is demountable from the tube to facilitate multistage depressed collector experiments employing an axisymmetric, electrostatic collector for linear beam microwave tubes

Mechanisms and interaction phenomena influencing releases in low- and medium-level waste disposal systems. Final report 1986-1990

The report covers work done 1986-1990 at Risø National Laboratory as part of the third EC Research Programme on Radioactive Waste Management.Waste product characterization:- If aching and volume stability of cemented ion-exchange resins. Wet/dry cycling was found to be an important degradation mechanism.- Hygroscopic properties of cemented and bituminized radioactive waste. Water uptake from the air can be an important release mechanism when waste containing soluble salts are disposed of by shallow land burial.- Water uptake and swelling of bttuminized waste including studies of water migration in bitumen membranes and measurements of swelling pressures.- Ageing of bituminized products was demonstrated to result in increasing stiffness of the materials.- Nickel ferrocyanide in precipitation sludge was found to be unstable in contact with concrete. Barrier material properties:- The influence of the pore structure in concrete on the hydraulic or diffusive transport of water and ions through concrete barriers was investigated. The main parameter is the water/cement ratio. A theoretical interpretation is given.- Healing of cracks in concrete barriers by precipitation of calcium carbonate was demonstrated experimentally and described by a simplified model.- Transport of components between two thin plates of cement paste with different composition stored together is water was found to take place at a low rate.- The structure of degraded cement paste was studied using SANS (small angle neutron scattering).Interaction phenomena:- Integral experiments with migration of radioisotopes from cemented waste through barriers made from kaolin, chalk or concrete were made under different external conditions. The results can be used for model validation and some preliminary work was done

The European arrest warrant and in absentia judgments:The cause of much trouble

The ground for optional refusal of Article 4a FD 2002/584/JHA was intended to strengthen the rights of defendants and make the execution of European Arrest Warrants after in absentia convictions easier. In practice, however, problems at the level of the EU legislator, at the level of national legislators and at the level of judicial authorities seem to stand in the way of achieving those goals. A common thread of the problems with applying Article 4a is a lack of awareness of the case-law of the European Court of Justice. Based on case studies from six EU Member States, this article makes an in-depth analysis of these problems and suggests concrete measures on how to overcome them

Den rådne banan på kort : Visuel literacy - fra billeder til viden

Mange taler om ”Udkantsdanmark”, men ingen gør tilsyneladende nogetvirkningsfuldt ved det, selv om regeringen kommer med politiske udspil, ændrer lovgivningen og opfinder nye støttemuligheder i lange baner. Det er der givetvis forskellige årsager til. En kunne være, at det slet ikke er ønsket, at der gøres noget virkningsfuldt ved Udkantsdanmark. En andenkunne være, at debatgrundlaget og den præsenterede information er for ringe. Artiklen viser eksempler på kort fra den eksisterende, ikke altid konstruktive debat om Udkantsdanmark. Som modstykke hertil præsenteres i artiklen utraditionelle kort, der er designet til netop somvisual literacy at bidrage til, at der overhovedet bliver en reel debat om Udkantsdanmark & Kernedanmark.Artiklen fremlægger ikke et politisk synspunkt. Artiklen præsenterer, hvor forbløffende effektivt politiske synspunkter kan fremlægges ved at tænke og agere i visual literacy. Artiklens budskab er at fremme den konstruktive debat generelt, hvor Den Rådne Banan og kortene blot tjener som eksempel

Evaluation of an Algal Biomass as an Ingredient in Cattle Feed

A study was conducted evaluating the effects of feeding condensed algal residue solubles (CARS; available in 2019 in Blair, NE area) to finishing cattle for 100 days. Four levels of CARS were evaluated with 5 steers and 5 heifers individually fed per level of inclusion. The diets consisted of 70% dry rolled corn with CARS displacing corn at 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% of dry matter. Increasing CARS inclusion resulted in a linear decrease in intake, a quadratic increase in daily gain, and a linear decrease in feed:gain. Calculations showed a linear increase in dietary net energy as CARS increased in the diet. Minimal differences in organ weights, blood chemistry, hematology, and urine were observed. Daily observations and histology results suggest no differences in cattle health due to dietary treatment. Including CARS at 5% of diet dry matter increased gain 4.2% and feed:gain 10.1% relative to a corn based finishing diet

There and back again: migration in freshwater fishes

Animal migration is an amazing phenomenon that has fascinated humans for long. Many freshwater fishes also show remarkable migrations, whereof the spectacular mass migrations of salmonids from the spawning streams are the most well known and well studied. However, recent studies have shown that migration occurs in a range of freshwater fish taxa from many different habitats. In this review we focus on the causes and consequences of migration in freshwater fishes. We start with an introduction of concepts and categories of migration, and then address the evolutionary causes that drive individuals to make these migratory journeys. The basis for the decision of an individual fish to migrate or stay resident is an evaluation of the costs and benefits of different strategies to maximize its lifetime reproductive effort. We provide examples by discussing our own work on the causes behind seasonal migration in a cyprinid fish, roach (Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758)), within this framework. We then highlight different adaptations that allow fish to migrate over sometimes vast journeys across space, including capacity for orientation, osmoregulation, and efficient energy expenditure. Following this we consider the consequences of migration in freshwater fish from ecological, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, and finally, we detail some of the recent developments in the methodologies used to collect data on fish migration and how these could be used in future research

Cubesats for monitoring atmospheric processes (CubeMAP): a constellation mission to study the middle atmosphere

Some aspects of the CubeMAP mission (also known as ESP-MACCS) are presented: its science objectives, and the primary choices made to address them from small satellite platforms. The science case, addressing some key scientific questions related to global change, is elaborated in four objectives focused on upper troposphere and stratospheric composition and its change. The sounding methodology and the associated observation concept retained is a constellation of miniature limb solar occultation thermal infrared sounders, offering the advantages of limb solar occultation, whilst mitigating the inherent lack of coverage of this geometry. The mission focuses on tropical regions as the gateway to the upper troposphere, and the stratosphere. The miniaturized instrument payloads developed for the mission are briefly presented: the High resolution InfraRed Occultation Spectrometer (HIROS) and the Hyperspectral Solar Disk Imager (HSDI). Lastly, the nanosatellite 12U platform and its subsystem are described, completing the overview of the mission space segment

Introducing Extended Consultations for Patients with Severe Mental Illness in General Practice.:Results from the SOFIA Feasibility Study

Abstract Background People with a severe mental illness (SMI) have shorter life expectancy and poorer quality of life compared to the general population. Most years lost are due to cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and various types of cancer. We co-designed an intervention to mitigate this health problem with key stakeholders in the area, which centred on an extended consultations for people with SMI in general practice. This study aimed to1) investigate general practitioners’ (GPs) experience of the feasibility of introducing extended consultations for patients with SMI, 2) assess the clinical content of extended consultations and how these were experienced by patients, and 3) investigate the feasibility of identification, eligibility screening, and recruitment of patients with SMI. Methods The study was a one-armed feasibility study. We planned that seven general practices in northern Denmark would introduce extended consultations with their patients with SMI for 6 months. Patients with SMI were identified using practice medical records and screened for eligibility by the patients’ GP. Data were collected using case report forms filled out by practice personnel and via qualitative methods, including observations of consultations, individual semi-structured interviews, a focus group with GPs, and informal conversations with patients and general practice staff. Results Five general practices employing seven GPs participated in the study, which was terminated 3 ½ month ahead of schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic. General practices attempted to contact 57 patients with SMI. Of these, 38 patients (67%) attended an extended consultation, which led to changes in the somatic health care plan for 82% of patients. Conduct of the extended consultations varied between GPs and diverged from the intended conduct. Nonetheless, GPs found the extended consultations feasible and, in most cases, beneficial for the patient group. In interviews, most patients recounted the extended consultation as beneficial. Discussion Our findings suggest that it is feasible to introduce extended consultations for patients with SMI in general practice, which were also found to be well-suited for eliciting patients’ values and preferences. Larger studies with a longer follow-up period could help to assess the long-term effects and the best implementation strategies of these consultations