266 research outputs found
Fictitious Capital and Crises
This paper is concerned with chapters 25-35 of Part V, The Division of Profit into Interest and Profit of Enterprise, of Volume 3 of Capital. These chapters may be properly grouped in an ideal Part to be possibly titled "Credit and Crises, or Money Capital and Fictitious Capital" and is referred to in this paper as 'the unidentified Part'. This Part should be strictly considered as a follow-up of Part IV, The Transformation of Commodity Capital and Money Capital into Commodity-Dealing Capital and Money-Dealing Capital (Merchant's Capital) in the sense that while the former deals with the role played by merchant's capital, and particularly by money-dealing capital, the latter deals with the obstruction or perversion inflicted on this role by money capital being turned into fictitious capital by an improper use of credit.
The paper is structured in three ideal sections. The aim of the first section is to clear the debris of 'the unidentified Part' and to reconstruct Marx's own thinking about the nature and role of credit and of fictitious capital in relation to the concept of merchant's capital and to the phenomenon of crises. On the contrary, the second section, which is mostly focused on different forms versus different sets of crises, highlights some contradictions in Marx's unsystematic treatment of the relations between financial and real crises. The third section is derived from the arguments set out in the previous two sections. Its aim is to assess Marx's similarity with Keynes on the matter of 'money as money' and of financial crises. Its conclusion (which is also the conclusion of the paper) is that this similarity, however strong with regard to the role of money as a store of value, is bound to collapse if Marx's law of the falling rate of profit is believed to be true. For in this case the fictitious-capital theory of crises developed in 'the unidentified Part' acquires a secondary importance while financial crises come to be viewed as a typical effect, rather than as the cause, of real crises
The Materiality of Absence:Organizing and the case of the incomplete cathedral
This study explores the role of absences in making organizing possible. By engaging with Lefebvreâs spatial
triad as the interconnections between conceived (planned), perceived (experienced through practice) and
lived (felt and imagined) spaces, we challenge the so-called metaphysics of presence in organization studies.
We draw on the insights offered by the project of construction of Siena Cathedral during the period 1259â
1357 and we examine how it provided a space for the actors involved to explore their different (civic,
architectural and religious) intentions. We show that, as the contested conceived spaces of the cathedral
were connected to architectural practices, religious powers and civic symbols, they revealed the impossibility
for these intentions to be fully represented. It was this impossibility that provoked an ongoing search for
solutions and guaranteed a combination of dynamism and persistence of both the material architecture of
the cathedral and the project of construction. The case of Siena Cathedral therefore highlights the role
of absence in producing organizing effects not because absence eventually takes form but because of the
impossibility to fully represent it
Theatre and drama education and populism : the ensemble âfamilyâ as a space for dialogic empathy and civic care
This article, understanding populism as an essentially undemocratic ideology, argues that the proâsocial theatre education approach of ensemble pedagogy can offer a model of educational practice which counters these antiâdemocratic rhetorics by creating a shared space for the enactment of empathetic discourse. Via an ethnography of the UK Shakespeare Schools Foundation festival project, the notion of the theatre education ensemble âfamilyâ as a model of civic caring is offered as an alternative, feminist âcare perspectiveâ on civic and political rhetorics, in contrast to the patriarchal âjustice perspectivesâ which facilitate the reductive antiâdemocratic rhetorics of populism. Thus, this article concludes that ensemble approaches to theatre education, viewed through this feminist pedagogy lens, hold rich potential for developing learnersâ capacity to resist populism and act in socially hopeful ways
Primary and secondary markets
The analytical starting point determines the course of a theoretical investigation
and ultimately the productiveness of an approach. The classics took
production and accumulation as their point of departure, the neoclassics exchange.
Exchange implies behavioral assumptions and notions like rationality,
optimization, and equilibrium. It is widely recognized that this approach has
led into a cul-de-sac. To change a theory means to change its premises or, in
Keynesâs words, to âthrow overâ the axioms. The present paper swaps the
standard behavioral axioms for structural axioms and applies the latter to the
analysis of the emergence of secondary markets from the flow part of the
economy. Real and nominal residuals at first give rise to the accumulation of
the stock of money and the stock of commodities. These stocks constitute the
demand and supply side of secondary markets. The pricing in these markets is
different from the pricing in the primary markets. Realized appreciation in the
secondary markets is different from income or profit. To treat primary and secondary
markets alike is therefore a category mistake. Vice versa, to take a set
of objective propositions as analytical starting point yields a comprehensive
and consistent theory of market exchange and valuation
Researcher selfâcare and caring in the research community
This paper seeks to begin a discussion on researcher selfâcare in response to the state of contemporary academia, which sees increasing issues of academic stress and anxiety, and the growing use of facile metrics. Specifically, we wish to explore the potential a critical engagement with selfâcare poses for ourselves as academics and the communities of which we are a part â what kinpaisby (2008) refers to as the âcommuniversity.â Our central argument is that selfâcare may be regarded as a radical act that can push against the interests of the neoliberal university. We illustrate how researcher selfâcare can be engaged as a reflexive process that operates to create and inform change within our communities through recognising ourselves as networked actors, rather than selfâcontained individuals as the neoliberal ideology would have us believe. This paper is intended as an opening towards a much larger discussion regarding academia â of the communities, work environments, and âimpactsâ we wish to be a part of and how to begin working towards realising these
Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action
As oportunidades empreendedoras existem, independentemente, das percepçÔes dos empreendedores, esperando apenas para serem descobertas? Ou, estas oportunidades sĂŁo criadas pelas açÔes dos empreendedores? Duas teorias, internamente, consistentes com as oportunidades empreendedoras sĂŁo: teoria da criação e teoria da descoberta- as quais serĂŁo descritas. Enquanto, serĂĄ sempre possĂvel, descrever a formação de uma oportunidade particular, como exemplo, de um processo da descoberta ou da criação de oportunidade, estas duas teorias tĂȘm implicaçÔes importantes para a eficĂĄcia de uma variedade ampla de açÔes empreendedoras em contextos diferentes. As implicaçÔes destas teorias para sete destas açÔes serĂŁo descritas, acompanhadas de uma discussĂŁo sobre algumas das implicaçÔes teĂłricas mais amplas destas duas teorias para os campos do empreendimento e do gerenciamento estratĂ©gico
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