6,145 research outputs found
Anisotropic random resistor networks: a model for piezoresistive response of thick-film resistors
A number of evidences suggests that thick-film resistors are close to a
metal-insulator transition and that tunneling processes between metallic grains
are the main source of resistance. We consider as a minimal model for
description of transport properties in thick-film resistors a percolative
resistor network, with conducting elements governed by tunneling. For both
oriented and randomly oriented networks, we show that the piezoresistive
response to an applied strain is model dependent when the system is far away
from the percolation thresold, while in the critical region it acquires
universal properties. In particular close to the metal-insulator transition,
the piezoresistive anisotropy show a power law behavior. Within this region,
there exists a simple and universal relation between the conductance and the
piezoresistive anisotropy, which could be experimentally tested by common
cantilever bar measurements of thick-film resistors.Comment: 7 pages, 2 eps figure
Tversky loss function for image segmentation using 3D fully convolutional deep networks
Fully convolutional deep neural networks carry out excellent potential for
fast and accurate image segmentation. One of the main challenges in training
these networks is data imbalance, which is particularly problematic in medical
imaging applications such as lesion segmentation where the number of lesion
voxels is often much lower than the number of non-lesion voxels. Training with
unbalanced data can lead to predictions that are severely biased towards high
precision but low recall (sensitivity), which is undesired especially in
medical applications where false negatives are much less tolerable than false
positives. Several methods have been proposed to deal with this problem
including balanced sampling, two step training, sample re-weighting, and
similarity loss functions. In this paper, we propose a generalized loss
function based on the Tversky index to address the issue of data imbalance and
achieve much better trade-off between precision and recall in training 3D fully
convolutional deep neural networks. Experimental results in multiple sclerosis
lesion segmentation on magnetic resonance images show improved F2 score, Dice
coefficient, and the area under the precision-recall curve in test data. Based
on these results we suggest Tversky loss function as a generalized framework to
effectively train deep neural networks
Magnetic phase diagram of the Hubbard model
The competition between commensurate and incommensurate spin-density-wave
phases in the infinite-dimensional single-band Hubbard model is examined with
quantum Monte Carlo simulation and strong and weak coupling approximations.
Quantum fluctuations modify the weak-coupling phase diagram by factors of order
unity and produce remarkable agreement with the quantum Monte Carlo data, but
strong-coupling theories (that map onto effective Falicov-Kimball models)
display pathological behavior. The single-band model can be used to describe
much of the experimental data in Cr and its dilute alloys with V and Mn.Comment: 12 pages plus 3 uuencoded postscript figures, ReVTe
Spin and charge excitations in incommensurate spin density waves
Collective excitations both for spin- and charge-channels are investigated in
incommensurate spin density wave (or stripe) states on two-dimensional Hubbard
model. By random phase approximation, the dynamical susceptibility
\chi(q,\omega) is calculated for full range of (q,\omega) with including all
higher harmonics components. An intricate landscape of the spectra in
\chi(q,\omega) is obtained. We discuss the anisotropy of the dispersion cones
for spin wave excitations, and for the phason excitation related to the motion
of the stripe line. Inelastic neutron experiments on Cr and its alloys and
stripe states of underdoped cuprates are proposed
Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis in Australian cats
Objective: To determine whether patient signalment (age, breed, sex, and neuter status) are associated with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats in Australia. Design: A retrospective comparison of the signalment between cats with confirmed FIP and the general cat population. Results: The patient signalment of 382 FIP confirmed cases were compared with the Companion Animal Register of NSW and the general cat population of Sydney. Younger cats were significantly over-represented amongst FIP cases. Domestic crossbred, Persian, and Himalayan cats were significantly under-represented in the FIP cohort while several breeds were over-represented including British Shorthair, Devon Rex, and Abyssinian. A significantly higher proportion of male cats had FIP compared to female cats. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that FIP is primarily a disease of young cats and that significant breed and sex predilections exist in Australia. This opens further avenues to investigate the role of genetic factors in FIP
Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis in Australian cats
Objective: To determine whether patient signalment (age, breed, sex, and neuter status) are associated with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats in Australia.
Design: A retrospective comparison of the signalment between cats with confirmed FIP and the general cat population.
Results: The patient signalment of 382 FIP confirmed cases were compared with the Companion Animal Register of NSW and the general cat population of Sydney. Younger cats were significantly over-represented amongst FIP cases. Domestic crossbred, Persian, and Himalayan cats were significantly under-represented in the FIP cohort while several breeds were over-represented including British Shorthair, Devon Rex, and Abyssinian. A significantly higher proportion of male cats had FIP compared to female cats.
Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that FIP is primarily a disease of young cats and that significant breed and sex predilections exist in Australia. This opens further avenues to investigate the role of genetic factors in FIP
Associations Among Nitrogen Harvest Index and Other Traits Within Two Avena Species
The partitioning efficiency of nitrogen in crop plants is measured via nitrogen harvest index (NHI), which is the ratio of the weights of grain nitrogen to total plant nitrogen. To determine what associations, if any, exist between NHI and other plant traits for oats, 40 Avena sativa lines and 52 A. sterilis collections were studied. Significant variations occurred between and within species for NHI, groat yield (GTY), groat protein percentage (GTP), groat protein yield (GTPY), straw yield (SY), straw protein percentage (SP), total plant protein yield (TPPY), harvest index (HI), and vegetative growth rate (GR). Traits significantly associated with NHI within both Avena species were HI, GTY, GTPY, SP, and heading date (HD). Uptake and partitioning of nitrogen between grain and straw were not related in A. sativa, suggesting that these two phenomena were controlled by separate physiological mechanisms. Total dry matter accumulation and not protein percentage was the major factor influencing protein yields of both grain and straw. NHI was nor correlated with either GTY or GTP in A. sativa, suggesting that selecting for high NHI may break the inverse relationship between GTY and GTP within this species
Nitrogen Harvest Index Variation in Avena Sativa and A. Sterilis
Forty Avena sativa (L.) lines and 28 A. sterilis (L.) collections were evaluated in two nitrogen environments (i.e., low and high) for variation in nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Significant genetic variation for NHI occurred among entries within both species. NHI varied from 25 to 51%, with a mean of 42% for A. sterilis, and from 42 to 67%, with a mean of 59%, for A. sativa. Mean NHI was significantly lower in A. sterilis than in A. sativa. Some adapted entries with introgressed germplasm from A. sterilis had relatively high NHI\u27s, however. Plant traits that were associated with NHI were harvest index (HI), groat yield (GTY), groat protein yield (GTPY), heading date (HD), and straw protein percentage (SP). High nitrogen fertility caused a significant decrease in NHI and HI, significant increases in groat protein percentage (GTP), straw yield (SY), SP, straw protein yield (SPY), total plant protein yield (TPPY), and vegetative growth rate (GR), and no change in GTY and GTPY for A. sativa entries. High nitrogen increased GTP, SY, SP, SPY, TPPY, and GR and decreased NHI and HI in A. sterilis
NMR Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Transition in the Single-Component Molecular Conductor, [Au(tmdt)_{2}] at 110 K
We present the results of a ^{1}H NMR study of the single-component molecular
conductor, [Au(tmdt)_{2}].
A steep increase in the NMR line width and a peak formation of the nuclear
spin-lattice relaxation rate, 1/T_{1}, were observed at around 110 K.
This behavior provides clear and microscopic evidences for a magnetic phase
transition at considerably high temperature among organic conductors.
The observed variation in 1/T_{1} with respect to temperature indicates the
highly correlated nature of the metallic phase.Comment: 5pages, 6figures to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Influence of intermartensitic transitions on transport properties of Ni2.16Mn0.84Ga alloy
Magnetic, transport, and x-ray diffraction measurements of ferromagnetic
shape memory alloy NiMnGa revealed that this alloy undergoes
an intermartensitic transition upon cooling, whereas no such a transition is
observed upon subsequent heating. The difference in the modulation of the
martensite forming upon cooling from the high-temperature austenitic state
[5-layered (5M) martensite], and the martensite forming upon the
intermartensitic transition [7-layered (7M) martensite] strongly affects the
magnetic and transport properties of the alloy and results in a large thermal
hysteresis of the resistivity and magnetization . The
intermartensitic transition has an especially marked influence on the transport
properties, as is evident from a large difference in the resistivity of the 5M
and 7M martensite, , which is larger than the jump of resistivity at
the martensitic transition from the cubic austenitic phase to the monoclinic 5M
martensitic phase. We assume that this significant difference in between
the martensitic phases is accounted for by nesting features of the Fermi
surface. It is also suggested that the nesting hypothesis can explain the
uncommon behavior of the resistivity at the martensitic transition, observed in
stoichiometric and near-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga alloys.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, REVTEX
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