The usage of gold and the investment analysis based on gold rate in India

Gold is one of the main commodities where the customers invest their money comparatively with bank for better interest. In the Indian context people purchase gold for their children’s marriages for later period. The investment in gold is better suits for easy conversion into money with quickest possible time from the bank and gold merchants. The appreciation or depreciation of gold based on other investment options like fixed deposit, provident fund, international crude oil price, stock market, mutual fund etc. The comparative analysis of gold with other investment options give an edge to the customer to clearly understand the investment pattern for their hard-earned money expected to give good returns in the future

Design and Implementation of Image Compression Encoder using Orthogonal Approximation DCT

Image Compression is usually carried out using discrete cosine transform (DCT) because compressed image using DCT will take less memory to store the image and quality of the image will be good compared JPEG and HEVC. But, in this work an attempt is made to achieve compression using Approximation DCT (ADCT). ADCT is useful for reducing its computational complexity without affecting its coding performance. It provides better image and video compression compared to the DCT. ADCT is orthogonal and it has lower structural complexity compared to DCT. The unique feature of the ADCT is that it could be configured for the computation of the 32 point ADCT or for parallel computation of two16 point ADCTs or four 8 points ADCTs. It has many advantages in terms of orthogonality, structural simplicity and lower computational complexity. The proposed ADCT is implemented using Verilog and Simulated by ModelSim and synthesized by Xilinx ISE 9.1i. Results are compared with 16 point ADCT with 16 point DCT implementation. The target device is XC5vtx330t-2ff1738. The 16 point ADCT implementation results in a saving of 28.37% IOBs and 63% of LUTs, compared to existing 16 point DCT implementation

Rearing performance of tropical Tasar silkworm (Antheraea mylitta Drury) on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its commercial silk properties

Tasar silkworm, Antheraeamylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is one of the commercially exploited non-mulberry silkworms mainly reared outdoor on many wild plants. The ecorace of tasar silkworm occurring in cashew (Anacardiumoccidentale L.) plantations of Puttur was identified as A. mylitta KE-02. Pooled egg, larval and pupal period of tasar silkworm upon indoor rearing on cashew recorded were 6.43, 28.69 and 25.36 days, respec-tively, with the effective rate of rearing of 40 %. The average cocoon weight, pupal weight and shell weight recorded were 6.24 g, 5.30 and 1.18 g, respectively. The high shell ratio of 22.26 %, shows a healthy trend for high yielding tasar rearing on cashew. The commercial silk properties of cashew reared cocoons were assessed in comparison to silk properties of cocoons reared on Terminalia paniculata. Average filament length, average non-breakable filament length, denier, strength and elongation were found 547.2 m, 1231.6 m, 8.92 D, 1.57 gpd and 16.9 %, respectively on cashew and 518.2 m, 161.94 m, 9.13 D, 1.73 gpd and 18.7 % , respectively on T. paniculata. The present study has documented the biology of tasar silk worm on cashew and also the commercial silk properties of cocoon reared on cashew at preliminary level

QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH TO STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION, AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SIMEPREVIR IN BULK DRUG:

Objective: A simple, robust, precise, and selective stability-indicating liquid chromatography (LC) method (reverse-phase high-performance LC) was developed for the estimation of simeprevir through quality by design paradigm. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on Water’s 2695(Alliance) equipped with a photodiode array detector at 300 nm. The method was developed on Discovery C18 column (250×4.6, 5 mm) using orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile (55:45 % v/v) with the flow rate of 1 ml/min at 30°C. The degradation studies of simeprevir were carried out under the stress conditions of hydrolysis (acid, base, and neutral), oxidation, photolytic, and thermal as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The peroxide hydrolysis shows more critical impurities which were well resolved from pure drug with the application of design of experiment and optimized the method. Results: Independent variables (critical analytical attributes) selected for the method optimization were mobile phase ratio, flow rate, and temperature of the column based on the risk assessment. The retention time and resolution were selected as the method response. In response surface method, the central composite design and 23 factorial designs were employed for the optimization of the method. The polynomial equation was derived for the estimation of method response. Conclusion: The method was optimized for better resolution among the drug, and impurity peaks were then validated as per the ICH parameters

Large-Restriction-Fragment Polymorphism Analysis of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium terrae Isolates

Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium terrae were reported to be frequently present in the environment of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG trial area in south India. Six isolates of M. chelonae and four isolates of M. terrae obtained from different sources in this area were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to examine large-restriction-fragment (LRF) polymorphism using the chromosomal DNA digested with DraI and XbaI restriction enzymes. With the exception of one isolate of M. terrae, DNA from all other isolates could be digested with DraI and XbaI and resulted in separable fragments. Visual comparison of the LRFs showed a unique pattern for each of the isolates tested. A computer-assisted dendrogram of the percent similarity demonstrated a high degree of genetic diversity in this group of isolates. This study demonstrates that species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, particularly M. chelonae and M. terrae, can be successfully typed by their LRF pattern using PFGE, which does not require species-specific DNA probes

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of salt stress callus of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Ethanolic and methanolic salt stress callus extracts of Solanum melongena L. were tested for in vitro antimicrobial and free radical scavenging assayssuch as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+(2,2\u27Azinobis (3-ethyl benzo-thizoline-6-sulfonic acid) . In both the extracts the zone of inhibition is higher in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureusand Streptococcus pyogenesat 90 µl concentration against the control. The antifungal activity of these extracts also the zone of inhibition is higher at 90 µl concentration against the control. The DPPH activity of different concentration of solvent extracts (1 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml) along with standard ascorbic acid among the five different concentration (50 µg/ml to 250 µg/ml) of extracts tested, the higher percentage of inhibition was observed in 250 µg/ml of methanol extract followed by ethanolic extract against the standard ascorbic acid. In ABTS+ activity the absorbance was increased with the increasing concentrations of both methanolic and ethanolic callus extracts

Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on methane emission and its associated soil microflora in rice ecosystem

The dynamics of methane emission and its associated soil microflora in rice ecosystem as a response to elevated CO2 concentrations were studied in open top chamber (OTC) conditions. The treatments consisted of three levels of CO2 (396, 550 and 750 µmol mol-1) and three levels of nitrogen (0, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and replicated five times in a completely randomized design. The data showed that elevated [CO2] significantly (P ? 0.01) increased the DOC throughout the cropping period with the values ranging from 533 to 722 mg L-1 and 368 to 501 mg L-1 in C750 and Camb, respectively. Methane emission rates were monitored regularly during the experiment period and it was revealed that elevated [CO2] had increased the methane emissions regardless of stages of crop growth.  It was observed that methane emissions were significantly higher under [CO2] of 750 µmol mol-1 by 33 to 54 per cent over the ambient [CO2] of 396 µmol mol-1. Consistent with the observed increases in methane flux, the enumeration of methanogens showed a significant (P ? 0.01) increase under elevated [CO2] with the population ranging from 5.7 to 20.1 x 104 CFU g-1 of dry soil and 5.1 to 16.9 x 104 CFU g-1 of dry soil under C750 and Camb concentrations, respectively. Interestingly, even though higher methanotrophs population was recorded under elevated [CO2], it could not circumvent the methane emission. Overall, the results of OTC studies suggest that methane mitigation strategies need to be explored for the future high CO2 environments.