319 research outputs found

    Charge and orbital ordering in underdoped La1-xSrxMnO3

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    We have explored spin, charge and orbitally ordered states in La1-xSrxMnO3 (0 < x < 1/2) using model Hartree-Fock calculations on d-p-type lattice models. At x=1/8, several charge and orbitally modulated states are found to be stable and almost degenerate in energy with a homogeneous ferromagnetic state. The present calculation indicates that a ferromagnetic state with a charge modulation along the c-axis which is consistent with the experiment by Yamada et al. might be responsible for the anomalous behavior around x = 1/8.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

    Transition between two ferromagnetic states driven by orbital ordering in La_{0.88}Sr_{0.12}MnO_3

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    A lightly doped perovskite mangantite La_{0.88}Sr_{0.12}MnO_3 exhibits a phase transition at T_{OO}=145 K from a ferromagnetic metal (T_C=172 K) to a novel ferromagnetic insulator.We identify that the key parameter in the transition is the orbital degree of freedom in e_g electrons. By utilizing the resonant x-ray scattering technique, orbital ordering is directly detected below T_{OO}, in spite of a significant diminution of the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion. The new experimental features are well described by a theory treating the orbital degree of freedom under strong electron correlation. The present experimental and theoretical studies uncover a crucial role of the orbital degree in the metal-insulator transition in lightly doped manganites.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

    Role of Orbital Degeneracy in Double Exchange Systems

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    We investigate the role of orbital degeneracy in the double exchange (DE) model. In the JH→∞J_{H}\to\infty limit, an effective generalized ``Hubbard'' model incorporating orbital pseudospin degrees of freedom is derived. The model possesses an exact solution in one- and in infinite dimensions. In 1D, the metallic phase off ``half-filling'' is a Luttinger liquid with pseudospin-charge separation. Using the d=∞d=\infty solution for our effective model, we show how many experimental observations for the well-doped (x≃0.3x\simeq 0.3) three-dimensional manganites La1−xSrxMnO3La_{1-x}Sr_{x}MnO_{3} can be qualitatively explained by invoking the role of orbital degeneracy in the DE model.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Specific heat study of single crystalline Pr0.63_{0.63} Ca0.37_{0.37} MnO3_{3} in presence of a magnetic field

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    We present the results of a study of specific heat on a single crystal of Pr0.63_{0.63}Ca0.37_{0.37}MnO3_3 performed over a temperature range 3K-300K in presence of 0 and 8T magnetic fields. An estimate of the entropy and latent heat in a magnetic field at the first order charge ordering (CO) transition is presented. The total entropy change at the CO transition which is ≈\approx 1.8 J/mol K at 0T, decreases to ∼\sim 1.5 J/mol K in presence of 8T magnetic field. Our measurements enable us to estimate the latent heat LCOL_{CO} ≈\approx 235 J/mol involved in the CO transition. Since the entropy of the ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) state is comparable to that of the charge-ordered insulating (COI) state, a subtle change in entropy stabilises either of these two states. Our low temperature specific heat measurements reveal that the linear term is absent in 0T and surprisingly not seen even in the metallic FMM state.Comment: 8 pages (in RevTEX format), 12 figures (in postscript format) Submitted to Phys. Rev.

    Anisotropic phonon conduction and lattice distortions in CMR-type bilayer manganite (La1−z_{1-z}Prz_{z})1.2_{1.2}Sr1.8_{1.8}Mn2_{2}O7_{7} (z=0,0.2,0.4 and 0.6) single crystals

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    We have undertaken a systematic study of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and magnetic field of single crystals of the compound (La1−z_{1-z}Prz_{z})1.2_{1.2}Sr1.8_{1.8}Mn2_{2}O7_{7} for zz(Pr) =0.2,0.4. and 0.6. The lattice distortion due to Pr-substitution and anisotropic thermal conductivity in bilayer manganites are discussed on the basis of different relaxation models of local lattice distortions in metal and insulating states proposed by Maderda et al. The giant magnetothermal effect is scaled as a function of magnetization and discussed on the basis of a systematic variation of the occupation of the ege_g-electron orbital states due to Pr-substitution.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, in press in Phys.Rev.

    Phase Transition in Perovskite Manganites with Orbital Degree of Freedom

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    Roles of orbital degree of freedom of Mn ions in phase transition as a function of temperature and hole concentration in perovskite manganites are studied. It is shown that the orbital order-disorder transition is of the first order in the wide region of hole concentration and the NeËŠ\rm \acute{e}el temperature for the anisotropic spin ordering, such as the layer-type antiferromagnetic one, is lower than the orbital ordering temperature due to the anisotropy in the orbital space. The calculated results of the temperature dependence of the spin and orbital order parameters explain a variety of the experiments observed in manganites.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

    State owned enterprises as bribe payers: the role of institutional environment

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    Our paper draws attention to a neglected channel of corruption—the bribe payments by state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This is an important phenomenon as bribe payments by SOEs fruitlessly waste national resources, compromising public welfare and national prosperity. Using a large dataset of 30,249 firms from 50 countries, we show that, in general, SOEs are less likely to pay bribes for achieving organizational objectives owing to their political connectivity. However, in deteriorated institutional environments, SOEs may be subjected to potential managerial rent-seeking behaviors, which disproportionately increase SOE bribe propensity relative to privately owned enterprises. Specifically, our findings highlight the importance of fostering democracy and rule of law, reducing prevalence of corruption and shortening power distance in reducing the incidence of SOE bribery

    Corruption and its effects on FDI:Analysing the interaction between the corruption levels of the home and host countries and its effects at the decision-making level

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    This study furthers our understanding of how corruption affects the decision-making process of allocating foreign direct investment. Drawing on the responses of 28 managers in charge of establishing operations in a highly corrupt host country, we argue that those firms based in home countries with low levels of corruption are more proactive in preparing to face corruption abroad than those based in countries with high corruption levels. This means that firms from less corrupt home countries have strategies in place to deal with high corruption abroad. This finding is based on the fact that these firms have stronger pressures to not engage in corruption from their home stakeholders. Also, these firms might not have the experience of dealing with corruption at home, which hinders their potential to deal with corruption abroad. On the other hand, those firms based in highly corrupt home countries do not have clear strategies to deal with corruption abroad. This assertion is based on the fact that these firms might have familiarity in dealing with corruption and thus, might not see it as an obstacle to operating abroad
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