Effect of foliar application of zinc and copper on leaf nutrient content, growth and flowering in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp) cv. Pink Friendship

An experiment was conducted in the year 2013-14 at Banaras Hindu University to find out the effect of foliar application of zinc and copper on nutrient accumulation and various growth and flowering parameters in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp). Maximum number of leaves (12.58), leaf area index (1.74), fresh weight (46.83 g) and dry weight (6.33 g) of the plant was recorded with the treatment combination Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.2% followed by Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.4% and was significant to the other treatment. While, maximum plant height (107.12 cm) was observed with the treatment combination Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.4% followed by Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.2%. Control plant treated with distilled water recorded minimum among various growth parameters studied. Among flowering parameters, early spike emergence (66.33 days) was noticed with the treatment combination Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.2%. Similarly, days to colour show of the spike (82.03 days), opening of the first (86.67 days), third (88.33 days), fifth (89.00 days) and seventh floret (90.08 days) was recorded earliest with the treatment combination Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.2% followed by Zn 0.2%. Thus, durability of the florets was recorded maximum with the treatment Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.2%. However, maximum duration of flowering was noticed with the treatment Zn 0.2% (17.45 days) followed by Zn 0.2% + Cu 0.4% (17.11 days) and was significant to the other treatments. Maximum zinc accumulation (58.94 ppm) was recorded with the treatment Zn 0.4% followed by Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.4% and Zn 0.2%. Whereas, treatment combination Zn 0.4% + Cu 0.4% (43.61 ppm) recorded maximum copper accumulation which was statistically at par with the treatment combination Zn 0.2% + Cu 0.4% (43.46 ppm). However, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation showed a little variation among the various treatments

Effect of iron and zinc on flowering and postharvest life in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.)

An experiment was conducted at Banaras Hindu University in the year 2013-14 to find out the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on flowering and postharvest life in gladiolus (Gladiolus spp.). Foliar application of ZnSO4 0.4% was found to be most effective for enhanced length of rachis (56.89 cm) and duration of flowering (15.33 days). While, days to opening of first floret was earliest with the treatment FeSO4 0.2% (81.25 days) and was significant to the other treatments. Maximum diameter of third floret (12.40 cm) was recorded with FeSO4 0.4% + ZnSO4 0.2% which was statistically at par with the treatment FeSO4 0.4%, FeSO4 0.2% and FeSO4 0.2% + ZnSO4 0.2%. Among postharvest indices, foliar application of FeSO4 0.4% prolonged the days to opening of the first floret (3.33 days) followed by FeSO4 0.2% and ZnSO4 0.2%. Whereas, days to opening of the third floret was maximum (5.67 days) with the treatment combination FeSO4 0.4% + ZnSO4 0.4% followed by FeSO4 0.4%. Maximum diameter of the first, third and fifth floret was recorded with the treatment combination FeSO4 0.2% + ZnSO4 0.2% which was statistically at par with ZnSO4 0.2%. Solution uptake was recorded maximum (130.00 ml) with the treatment FeSO4 0.2% followed by FeSO4 0.2% + ZnSO4 0.4%. Maximum vase-life was observed with the treatment ZnSO4 0.4% (15.67 days) followed by FeSO4 0.2% + ZnSO4 0.4% whereas; minimum vase life was recorded with the control(12.33 days)

On contractive cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces and some related results on fuzzy best proximity points and fuzzy fixed points

This paper investigates some properties of cyclic fuzzy maps in metric spaces. The convergence of distances as well as that of sequences being generated as iterates defined by a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mapping to fuzzy best proximity points of (non-necessarily intersecting adjacent subsets) of the cyclic disposal is studied. An extension is given for the case when the images of the points of a class of contractive cyclic fuzzy mappings restricted to a particular subset of the cyclic disposal are allowed to lie either in the same subset or in its next adjacent one.The first author thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for partial support of this work through Grant DPI2012-30651. He also thanks the Basque Government for its support through Grant IT378-10, and to the University of Basque Country by its support through Grant UFI 11/07

Kinetics of oxidation of methyl digol and ethyl digol by alkaline hexacyanoferrate (III) ion with ruthenium (III) chlorides as a homogeneous catalyst

The ruthenium(IIl) chloride catalysed reactions of alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) with methyl digol and ethyl digol were investigated kinetically. An inner sphere mechanism involving complex formation between digol molecule and ruthenium(III) species, which then disproportionates to carbonium ion and ruthenium(III) hydride is suggested. The carbonium ion results the corresponding aldehyde with one molecule of hydroxide ion where as ruthenium(III) hydride undergoes rapid oxidation with hexacynoferrate(III) yielding origina ruthenium(III) species and hexacyanoferrate(II) ion

A kinetic study of osmium tetroxide catalysed oxidation of methyl digol and ethyl digol by hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkaline medium

The osmium tetroxide catalysed reactions of alkaline hexacyanoferrate. (III) with methyl digol and ethyl digol were investigated kinetically. The reactions are zero order in hexajanoferrate (III) and of first order in substrate and osmium tetroxide concentrations. With an increase in [math] the rate increased and the reaction showed positive intercept at Y-axis. An inner-sphere mechanism involving complex formation, which then disproportionates to form the products, is suggested

Fluid flow and mixed convective heat transfer around a semi-circular cylinder at incidence with a tandem downstream square cylinder in cross flow

The present paper presents fluid flow and mixed convective heat transfer characteristics past a semicircular cylinder at incidence with a tandem square cylinder in cross flow. Using air (Pr = 0.71) as an operating medium, numerical simulations are performed for the range of Reynolds numbers, 10 <= Re <= 45 and incidence angles, 0 degrees <= alpha <= 180 degrees. The effect of thermal buoyancy is brought about by varying the Richardson number in the range 0 <= Ri <= 2. The mathematical model is firstly validated with the experimental and numerical results from the literature and found to be in good agreement. The steady separated flow is observed to become unsteady periodic under the superimposed thermal buoyancy. Furthermore, apart from thermal buoyancy effect, angle of incidence is found to play a pivotal role in bringing hydrodynamic instabilities and thereby vortex shedding for such steady mixed convective flows. Functional dependence of drag (C-D), lift (C-L), and moment (C-M) coefficients on the combined influence of alpha and Ri, is explored and analysed in detail. Additionally, other global quantities, such as local and average Nusselt number distribution, Strouhal number (St) are determined with respect to the various ranges of parameters considered in the present investigation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Kinetics of Oxidation of Methyl Glycol & Diacetone Alcohol by Osmium Tetroxide in Alkaline Medium

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