Controlling of PLC for Grain Storage Systems Using SCADA

Grain storage occupies a vital role in the economies of developed and developing countries. Proper monitoring of grain storage is essential to reduce grain loss. The present system involves human effort in most of the activities which reduces work efficiency and increases time consumption. These difficulties can be avoided by our proposed project. In this project, the controlling and monitoring of the grain storage area is fully automated using PLC and SCADA. The main objective of the proposed project is to control and maintain the temperature in storage area which prevents the formation of microorganisms and spoilage of grains, to measure the weight using a load cell placed under the conveyor belt and to direct the different sizes of bags to their respective storage places and to detect and control the pests, rats using ultrasound technique. The main parameter that is essential for proper storage of grains is temperature which is taken as input parameter to be controlled using PLC and is measured using a temperature sensor. The SCADA system acquires the required data and monitors the overall process

Random Network Behaviour of Protein Structures

Geometric and structural constraints greatly restrict the selection of folds adapted by protein backbones, and yet, folded proteins show an astounding diversity in functionality. For structure to have any bearing on function, it is thus imperative that, apart from the protein backbone, other tunable degrees of freedom be accountable. Here, we focus on side-chain interactions, which non-covalently link amino acids in folded proteins to form a network structure. At a coarse-grained level, we show that the network conforms remarkably well to realizations of random graphs and displays associated percolation behavior. Thus, within the rigid framework of the protein backbone that restricts the structure space, the side-chain interactions exhibit an element of randomness, which account for the functional flexibility and diversity shown by proteins. However, at a finer level, the network exhibits deviations from these random graphs which, as we demonstrate for a few specific examples, reflect the intrinsic uniqueness in the structure and stability, and perhaps specificity in the functioning of biological proteins.Comment: Expanded version available in Molecular BioSystem

Polarographic Behaviour of Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ & Mn2+ Ions in Tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylamine & Their Simultaneous Determination in Ternary Mixtures

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OSCILLATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL NEUTRAL DELAYDIFFERENCE SYSTEMS

This paper deals with the some oscillation criteria for the three dimensional neutral delay difference system of the form Δ xn+pnxn-k =bnynα Δ yn =cn znβ Δ(zn)=-anxn-l+1γ , n=1,2,…, Examples illustrating the results are inserted

Semi-automatic determination of elemental sulphur in rubber

Electro-active elemental sulphur dissolved in hydrazine hydrate solvent was studied by d.c. polarography, cyclic voltammetry and millicoulometry in sodium acetate, ammonium tartrate and sodium phosphate buffers in an aqueous medium. The method, which uses a mercury electrode, is highly sensitive with less interference than other polarographic methods. The method was extended to the determination of sulphur in pressure rubber tubing. This paper also suggests a mechanism of electrode reaction

Isolation, Identification, Resistance profile and Growth kinetics of Chlorpyrifos resistant Bacteria from Agricultural soil of Bangalore

Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there are also drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other animals and change in the ecobalance due to residual effects. The soil microflora (under persistence pesticide stress) are able to detoxify/degrade these toxic compounds into nontoxic products. Chlorpyrifos (a trichloropyridinyl phosphothioate) is one of the most widely used pesticides that exert broad based toxic effects. The present study involves the isolation,  identification and characterization of the chlorpyrifos resistant bacterial isolates from cabbage cultivated soil of a private agricultural farm in Bangalore, India. Out of 15 isolates 3 chlorpyrifos hyper resistant bacteria were finally selected for follow up studies. Three  isolates viz., Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus circulans and Bacillus macerans were found resistant to 50mg/L, 55mg/L and 60 mg/L of  chlorpyrifos

Complexation of Cu(II), Co(II) & Ni(II) with Hexamethylenetetramine: A Polarographic Study

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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of ethanol fruit extract of Cherry Plum - Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.

Foods that have disease-preventing potential are designated as functional foods. Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. A large number of antioxidants, both nutritive and nonnutritive, occur in foods. The potency of antioxidants present in foods in vivo will depend not only on their levels in the foods but also on their bioavailability, that is, the extent to which the active forms of antioxidants are released from the food and absorbed through the gut. Most of phytochemicals, components of food, beverages, and herbal products are often reported in literature as “nutraceutical”, emphasizing their health promoting properties, including the prevention and treatment of pathologies like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease. Phytochemicals are virtually present in all the fruits, vegetables, pulses/legumes and grains which are commonly consumed, so it is quite easy to incorporate them in our daily diet. Current research studies were carried out for evaluating the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reduction were carried out for ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera. The maximum DPPH˙ radical and Superoxide (O2.-) radical scavenging activities were 82.11±0.42% and 46.26±0.28% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 45.40 µg/mL and 129.70 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activity was 88.64±0.43% at 30 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 10.09 µg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum Mo6+ reduction and Fe3+ reduction were 86.29±0.29% and 79.82±0.20% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 values were 20.45 µg/mL and 24.21 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The antibacterial activity of ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera showed maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm for Bacillus subtilis at 500 µg/mL concentration.  Keywords: Antioxidant, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, Fe3+ reduction and phenolic compounds