Prevalence of heat and perspiration discomfort inside prostheses: literature review.

People with limb amputation deal with thermal stresses in their daily activities. Unfortunately, in the majority of this population, all thermal transfer mechanisms, including convection, radiation, evaporation, and conduction, can be disturbed due to the prosthetic socket barrier, decreased body surface area, and/or vascular disease. The thermal environment inside prosthetic sockets, in addition to decreased quality of life and prosthesis use, comfort, and satisfaction, could endanger people with amputation with a high risk of skin irritations. The current review explores the importance of thermal and perspiration discomfort inside prosthetic sockets by providing an insight into the prevalence of the problem. The literature search was performed in two databases, PubMed and Web of Knowledge, to find relevant articles. After considering the review criteria and hand-searching the reference sections of the selected studies, 38 studies were listed for review and data extraction. This review revealed that more than 53% of people with amputation in the selected studies experienced heat and/or perspiration discomfort inside their prostheses. In spite of great technological advances, current prostheses are unable to resolve this problem. Therefore, more attention must be paid by researchers, clinicians, and manufacturers of prosthetic components to thermal-related biomechanics of soft tissues, proper fabrication technique, material selection, and introduction of efficient thermoregulatory systems.This material was based on work supported by the Iran National Science Foundation

Comparison of photocatalytic systems including silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles efficiencies for the E. coli removal from drinking water

The removal and destruction of organic contaminants in groundwater can be addressed through the impregnation of adsorbents with photoactive catalysts. In this paper removal trend of E. coli from drinking water examined by nano silver and nano titanium dioxide. To perform this, four different concentration of silver nano particles and titanium dioxide under UV radiation (with 247 nm- wavelength) used. The results showed the nano particles of silver and titanium reach to 100% disinfection efficiency at the concentrations of 0.4 mg/l (with 20 minutes contact time) and 0.8 mg/l (with 40 minutes contact time), respectively. For equal amounts of disinfectant and equal number of E. coli colonies in drinking water, disinfection potential for (nAg + V) is significantly higher than (nTiO2 + UV). When the nano particles concentration increases, the disinfection rate rises, and it was higher and faster done by the nano silver particles comparing to nano-titanium particles (Pvalue < 0.05, R²= 0.705)

Quantized form factor shift in the presence of free electron laser radiation

In electron scattering, the target form factors contribute significantly to the diffraction pattern and carry information on the target electromagnetic charge distribution. Here we show that the presence of electromagnetic radiation, as intense as currently available in Free Electron Lasers, shifts the dependence of the target form factors by a quantity that depends on the number of photons absorbed or emitted by the electron as well as on the parameters of the electromagnetic radiation. As example, we show the impact of intense ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation on elastic electron scattering by Ne-like Argon ion and by Xenon atom. We find that the shift brought by the radiation to the form factor is in the order of some percent. Our results may open up a new avenue to explore matter with the assistance of laser

Structure Formation in Dark Matter Particle Production Cosmology

We investigate a cosmological scenario in which the dark matter particles can be created during the evolution of the Universe. By regarding the Universe as an open thermodynamic system and using non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we examine the mechanism of gravitational particle production. In this setup, we study the large-scale structure (LSS) formation of the Universe in the Newtonian regime of perturbations and derive the equations governing the evolution of the dark matter overdensities. Then, we implement the cosmological data from Planck 2018 CMB measurements, SNe Ia and BAO observations, as well as the Riess et al. (2019) local measurement for $H_0$ to provide some cosmological constraints for the parameters of our model. We see that the best case of our scenario ($\chi_{{\rm tot}}^{2}=3834.40$) fits the observational data better than the baseline $\Lambda$CDM model ($\chi_{{\rm tot}}^{2} = 3838.00$) at the background level. We moreover estimate the growth factor of linear perturbations and show that the best case of our model ($\chi_{f\sigma_{8}}^{2}=39.85$) fits the LSS data significantly better than the $\Lambda$CDM model ($\chi_{f\sigma_{8}}^{2}=45.29$). Consequently, our model also makes a better performance at the level of the linear perturbations compared to the standard cosmological model.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figure

The Effect of the Open and Closed System Suctions on Cardiopulmonary Parameters: Time and Costs in Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation

Background: One of the measures to keep the airway open is suctioning of endotracheal tube in patients under ventilation. This procedure can be accompanied with some complications. Selection of appropriate method of suctioning can prevent incidence of acute complications. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of the open and closed system suctioning methods on blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, percentage of arterial oxygen saturation, time, and costs in patients under mechanical ventilation. Patients and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 40 patients in ICU. Patients’ blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, related costs, and length of suctioning procedure were measured and recorded immediately before and one, five, ten, and fifteen minutes after suctioning. Data were analyzed using paired t test and repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two suctioning methods in terms of mean systolic blood pressure (P = 0.075), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.405), and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.257) in the five consecutive measurements. However, significant changes were observed in heart rate (P = 0.025) and percentage of arterial oxygen saturation (P < 0.001). The mean lengths of time in open and closed suctioning methods were 5.59 ± 0.211 and 4.34 ± 0.039 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). The cost of the closed system was lower than the open method for the patients who were admitted to ICU for longer than two days. Conclusions: Closed suction caused fewer disturbances in patients’ hemodynamic condition, took shorter time, and is more economical. Therefore, this method can replace open suction method in caring of severely critically ill patients

Organic Thin Film Transistor with Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

The contact resistance between organic semiconductors and metallic electrodesaffectsthe performance of the organic thin film transistor (OTFT) negatively so that it may make thefield effect mobility of charge carrier seem small. In order to reduce the contact resistance weused conducting Carbon Nanotube (CNT) films, which consist of the same element as the basicmaterial of the organic semiconductors, as source or drain electrodes. The measurements oftransistor properties based on pentacene single crystals have been carried out by using both CNTfilm electrodes and metal electrode

Konversi Lahan Pertanian Produktif Akibat Pertumbuhan Lahan Terbangun Di Kecamatan Kota Sumenep

Penelitian tentang konversi lahan pertanian produktif akibat pertumbuhan lahan terbangun di Kota Sumenep bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Perubahan tutupan lahan, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan konversi lahan pertanian produktif, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan petani menjual lahannya, serta dampak konversi lahan pertanian produktif terhadap nilai ekonomi produksi tanaman pangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan alat analisis berupa analisis tutupan lahan, analisis Perubahan tutupan lahan, analisis faktor dan analisis produktifitas yang hilang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pertumbuhan luas lahan terbangun dan penurunan luas lahan tidak terbangun. Semakin tinggi pertumbuhan luas lahan terbangun, maka semakin menyusut luas lahan tidak terbangun yang tersedia. Dari data klasifikasi tutupan lahan terlihat bahwa lahan terbangun mengalami peningkatan luas sekitar 9,15 Ha setiap tahunnya dan sebaliknya lahan tidak terbangun mengalami penurunan luas sekitar 9,15 Ha setiap tahunnya. Dari hasil analisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan konversi lahan diperoleh enam variabel yang berpengaruh, yaitu lokasi lahan, saluran irigasi, himpitan ekonomi, pertambahan penduduk, kebutuhan tempat tinggal. Sedangkan hasil dari analisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan petani menjual lahannya diperoleh enam variabel yang berpengaruh, yaitu luas lahan, pengaruh pihak swasta, generasi muda, tuntutan kebutuhan hidup, tanggungan keluarga, serta kebijakan dan peraturan pemerintah. Untuk dampak konversi lahan terhadap nilai ekonomi produksi tanaman pangan diketahui bahwa selama kurun waktu 5 tahun (2010-2014) diperkirakan telah terjadi Perubahan guna lahan pertanian produktif menjadi lahan non pertanian dan berdampak terhadap hilangnya penerimaan dari USAha tani padi sebesar Rp 799.839.797