19 research outputs found

    Probing photoinduced spin states in spin-crossover molecules with neutron scattering

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    We report a neutron scattering investigation of the spin crossover compound \rm [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 which undergoes an abrupt thermal spin-transition from high-spin (HS) S=2 to low-spin (LS) S=0 around 135 K. The HS magnetic state can be restored at low temperature under blue/green light irradiation. We have developed a specially designed optical setup for neutron scattering to address the magnetic properties of the light-induced HS state. By using neutron diffraction, we demonstrate that significant HS/LS ratios (of up to 60 \%) can be obtained with this experimental setup on a sample volume considered large (400 mg), while a complete recovery of the LS state is achieved using near infrared light. With inelastic neutron scattering (INS) we have observed, for the first time in a photo-induced phase, magnetic transitions arising from the metastable HS S=2 state split by crystal field and spin-orbit coupling. We interpret the INS data assuming a spin-only model with a zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the S=2 ground state. The obtained parameters are D \approx -1.28 \pm 0.03 meV and |E| \approx 0.08 \pm 0.03 meV. The present results show that in situ magnetic inelastic neutron scattering investigations on a broad range of photomagnetic materials are now possible

    A high‐resolution view of the coordination environment in a paramagnetic metalloprotein from its magnetic properties

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    Metalloproteins constitute a significant fraction of the proteome of all organisms and their characterization is critical for both basic sciences and biomedical applications. A large portion of metalloproteins bind paramagnetic metal ions, and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy has been widely used in their structural characterization. However, the signals of nuclei in the immediate vicinity of the metal center are often broadened beyond detection. In this work, we show that it is possible to determine the coordination environment of the paramagnetic metal in the protein at a resolution inaccessible to other techniques. Taking the structure of a diamagnetic analogue as a starting point, a geometry optimization is carried out by fitting the pseudocontact shifts obtained from first principles quantum chemical calculations to the experimental ones

    MODULATION OPTIQUE VISIBLE INDUITE PAR UN MATERIAU A CHANGEMENT DE PHASE

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    National audienceOn prĂ©sente un complexe molĂ©culaire Ă  base de fer qui prĂ©sente un changement de phase Ă  une tempĂ©rature proche de l’ambiante et qui peut ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ© au sein d’un interfĂ©romĂštre de Fabry-PĂ©rot Ă  miroirs mĂ©talliques et permet de dĂ©montrer une modulation activĂ©e thermiquement dans le visible

    Hétérogénéité, déterminants et trajectoires du revenu des agriculteurs français

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    Ce rapport, coordonnĂ© par Laurent Piet (INRAE, UMR SMART-LERECO), a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans le cadre de l'appel Ă  projets de recherche « Revenu des agriculteurs : mesures, dĂ©terminants et instruments d'accompagnement » du Centre d'Ă©tudes et de prospective du MinistĂšre de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation.The analysis of farmers' income must take into account its composition (agricultural sources, non-agricultural sources, and public support), its level (per farm, per labour unit, per household), its dispersion (between farmers, between production systems) and its evolution (in the short and long term). The objectives of the Agr'Income project are, first, to review the different definitions of the concept of "farm income" and the indicators and sources usually used to characterize and quantify it, and then to describe as precisely as possible the diversity of French farmers' income. Secondly, it is a question of analyzing the technical and economic determinants that govern the construction of the income generated by farms, and the trade-offs between immediate remuneration of work and deferred remuneration in the form of asset accumulation. Thirdly, the project aims to study the extent to which certain income support instruments defined within the framework of the CAP make it possible to achieve the political objectives set in terms of convergence and redistribution of aid, and whether this type of income support proves to be coherent with the simultaneous pursuit of objectives in terms of environmental issues.L’analyse du revenu des agriculteurs doit tenir compte Ă  la fois de sa composition (sources agricoles, sources non agricoles, soutien public), de son niveau (par exploitation, par unitĂ© de main d’Ɠuvre, par mĂ©nage), de sa dispersion (entre agriculteurs, entre systĂšmes de production) et de son Ă©volution (Ă  court terme et Ă  long terme). Les objectifs du projet Agr’Income sont ainsi, en premier lieu, de faire le point sur les diffĂ©rentes dĂ©finitions du concept de "revenu agricole" et sur les indicateurs et sources habituellement utilisĂ©s pour le caractĂ©riser et le quantifier, puis de dĂ©crire le plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment possible la diversitĂ© des revenus des agriculteurs français. En second lieu, il s’agit d’analyser les dĂ©terminants technico-Ă©conomiques qui prĂ©sident Ă  la construction du revenu dĂ©gagĂ© par les exploitations, et les arbitrages entre rĂ©munĂ©ration immĂ©diate du travail et rĂ©munĂ©ration diffĂ©rĂ©e sous forme de constitution d’un patrimoine. TroisiĂšmement, le projet vise Ă  Ă©tudier dans quelle mesure certains instruments de soutien du revenu dĂ©finis dans le cadre de la PAC permettent d’atteindre les objectifs politiques fixĂ©s en matiĂšre de convergence et de redistribution des aides, et si ce type de soutien au revenu s’avĂšre cohĂ©rent avec la poursuite simultanĂ©e d’objectifs en matiĂšre de rĂ©ponse aux enjeux environnementaux

    Hétérogénéité, déterminants et trajectoires du revenu des agriculteurs

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    International audienceThis conference (2 hours) entitled "Heterogeneity, determinants and trajectories of the French farmers’ s income" was held within the framework of the General Assembly of the CGAAER. It addressed the following main points: The challenges of measuring farm income and the different indicators of farm economic results; the heterogeneity of the economic results of French farms and the distribution of the value created.Cette confĂ©rence (2 heures) ayant pour titre « HĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©, dĂ©terminants et trajectoires du revenu des agriculteurs français » a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre de l’AssemblĂ©e GĂ©nĂ©rale du Conseil GĂ©nĂ©ral de l’Alimentation, de l’Agriculture et des Espaces Ruraux (CGAAER). Elle a abordĂ© les principaux points suivants : les enjeux de la mesure du revenu agricole et les diffĂ©rents indicateurs des rĂ©sultats Ă©conomiques des exploitations agricoles ; l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des rĂ©sultats Ă©conomiques des exploitations françaises et la rĂ©partition de la valeur crĂ©Ă©e
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