Economic Value Added --- A General Perspective

This paper explains the concept of Economic Value Added (EVA) that is gaining popularity in India. The paper examines whether EVA is a superior performance measure both for corporate reporting and for internal governance. It relied on empirical studies in U.S.A. and other advance economies. It concluded that though EVA does not provide additional information to investors, it can be adapted as a corporate philosophy for motivating and educating employees to differentiate between value creating and value destructing activities. This would lead to direct all efforts in creating shareholder value. The paper brings to attention the dangerous trend of reporting EVA casually that might mislead investors.Economic Value Added, Corporate Performace

A Compact 1:4 Lossless T-Junction Power Divider Using Open Complementary Split Ring Resonator

This paper presents the size miniaturized and harmonic suppressed lossless 1:4 T-junction unequal power divider using an open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR). By embedding the OCSRR structure in the microstrip transmission line, slow wave effect is introduced and thereby size reduction is achieved. The dimensions of OCSRR are optimized to reduce the length of high impedance and low impedance quarter-wavelength transmission lines. In our design high impedance line length is reduced to 58.6%, and low impedance line length is reduced to 12% when compared to the conventional quarter wavelength lines. The proposed power divider is having small dimensions of 0.18 λg × 0.33 λg and is 51.94% smaller than the conventional unequal power divider

A Flammability (Risk) Index for Transportation of Flammable Liquids

PresentationRecent accidents involving trains carrying flammable liquids (crude oil, ethanol, etc.) and consequent release of these flammable liquids have resulted in the formation of large fires. These fires have caused significant property damage and, in some cases, fatalities. The focus of reducing such accidents has been on implementing train operational controls, improving tank car puncture resistance, and providing thermal protection systems on tank cars to reduce the rate of heat input from an external fire to the liquid in the tank. In addition, one of the current regulatory approaches for reducing the post-accident fire and explosion risk is to require the reduction in the product vapor pressure at the time of loading of the product into tank cars. This is based on the assumption vapor pressure is the sole metric of volatility and flammability. This paper demonstrates that vapor pressure alone cannot be a metric to evaluate the hazard potential of a flammable liquid. Other vapor properties, including the flammability range concentrations in air and the minimum ignition energy, must be considered. A Flammability Index (FI) is developed and applied to example flammable liquids. FI for a specific Bakken crude oil sample is 1.25 and for ethanol 11.3, making ethanol a more “flammable risk” material than crude oil, at normal temperatures. This result is completely opposite to what one would conclude based purely on vapor pressure (ethanol vapor pressure at 77 o F is 1.2 psia vs. 8.7 psia for crude oil at the same temperature)

A Fast and Efficient Algorithm for Slater Determinant Updates in Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

We present an efficient low-rank updating algorithm for updating the trial wavefunctions used in Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. The algorithm is based on low-rank updating of the Slater determinants. In particular, the computational complexity of the algorithm is O(kN) during the k-th step compared with traditional algorithms that require O(N^2) computations, where N is the system size. For single determinant trial wavefunctions the new algorithm is faster than the traditional O(N^2) Sherman-Morrison algorithm for up to O(N) updates. For multideterminant configuration-interaction type trial wavefunctions of M+1 determinants, the new algorithm is significantly more efficient, saving both O(MN^2) work and O(MN^2) storage. The algorithm enables more accurate and significantly more efficient QMC calculations using configuration interaction type wavefunctions

Use of orthogonal or parallel plating techniques to treat distal humerus fractures.

Distal humerus fractures continue to be a complex fracture to treat. This article describes two surgical techniques that can be used to tackle these difficult fractures: Parallel plating and orthogonal plating. Both techniques have yielded excellent outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation; yet each has its own set of unique considerations. However, the key to successful treatment of these difficult fractures regardless of technique remains obtaining anatomic reduction with stable fixation and the implementation of early motion

Implementation of DEEC Protocol Using Optimization Technique in Wireless Sensor Technology

Wireless sensor networks are employed in several applications like military, medical, household and environmental. In these applications energy factor is the determining factor in the performance of wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor network, clustering is used as an effective technique to achieve scalability, self-organization, power saving, channel access, routing etc. Lifetime of sensor nodes determines the lifetime of the network and is crucial for the sensing capability. Clustering is the key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network and also reduce energy consumption etc,. Energy-efficient clustering protocols should be designed for the characteristic of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[1]. DEEC which is named as distributed energy efficient clustering protocol is selected as clustering protocol[1]. In DEEC, the cluster heads are elected by a probability based on the ratio between residual energy of each node and the average energy of the network. Since in DEEC, the lifetime of sensors as well as network degrades very quickly. Hence in order to increase the network lifetime a new algorithm is proposed. This technique balances the cluster by using some backup nodes. The backup high energy and high processing power nodes replace the cluster head after the cluster reaches to its threshold limit. This approach will increase the network lifetime and will provide high throughput

Coherent Receiver for Turbo Coded Single-User Massive MIMO-OFDM with Retransmissions

Single-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have a large number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver. This results in a large overall throughput (bit-rate), of the order of tens of gigabits per second, which is the main objective of the recent fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard. It is feasible to have a large number of antennas in mm-wave frequencies, due to the small size of the antennas. This chapter deals with the coherent detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals transmitted through frequency-selective Rayleigh fading MIMO wireless channels. Low complexity, discrete-time algorithms are developed for channel estimation, carrier and timing synchronization, and finally turbo decoding of the data at the receiver. Computer simulation results are presented to validate the theory

Analysis and Optimization of Machining Process Parameters Using Design of Experiments

In any machining process, apart from obtaining the accurate dimensions, achieving a good surface quality and maximized metal removal are also of utmost importance. A machining process involves many process parameters which directly or indirectly influence the surface roughness and metal removal rate of the product in common. Surface roughness and metal removal in turning process are varied due to various parameters of which feed, speed, depth of cut are important ones. A precise knowledge of these optimum parameters would facilitate reduce the machining costs and improve product quality. Extensive study has been conducted in the past to optimize the process parameters in any machining process to have the best product. Current investigation on turning process is a Response Surface Methodology applied on the most effective process parameters i.e. feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while machining Aluminium alloy and resin as the two types of work pieces with HSS cutting tool. The main effects (independent parameters), quadratic effects (square of the independent variables), and interaction effects of the variables have been considered separately to build best subset of the model. Three levels of the feed, three levels of speed, three values of the depth of cut, two different types of work materials have been used to generate a total 20 readings in a single set. After having the data from the experiments, the performance measures surface roughness (Ra) of the test samples was taken on a profilometer and MRR is calculated using the existing formulae. To analyze the data set, statistical tool DESIGN EXPERT-8 (Software) has been used to reduce the manipulation and help to arrive at proper improvement plan of the Manufacturing process & Techniques. Hypothesis testing was also done to check the goodness of fit of the data. A comparison between the observed and predicted data was made, which shows a close relationship. Key words: Surface Roughness and Metal Removal Rate, Turning, Response Surface    Methodology, Aluminium Alloy, Resin.

Computing Subspace Skylines without Dominance Tests Using Set Interaction Approaches

Now a day’s preference answering plays major role in all crucial applications. If user wants to find top k–objects from a set of high dimensional data based on any monotonic function requires huge computation. One of the promising methods to compute preference set is Skyline Technology. Sky line computation returns the set objects that are not overruled by any other objects in n a multi dimensional space. If data is high dimensional, different users requests sky line set based on different dimensions. It requires subspace skyline computation. If objects are d-dimensional we need to compute skyline sets in 2d different subspaces, called as SKYLINE CUBE computation, which incurs lot of computation cost. In this paper we address the problem of finding subspace skyline computation with minimum effort by using simple set interaction methods. By that we can decrease the number of subspace skylines need to be searched to find full sky cube. In this paper we developed one algorithm which uses Boolean algebra rules, skyline lattice to reduce dominance test for preparing sub space skylines

Crack roughness and avalanche precursors in the random fuse model

We analyze the scaling of the crack roughness and of avalanche precursors in the two dimensional random fuse model by numerical simulations, employing large system sizes and extensive sample averaging. We find that the crack roughness exhibits anomalous scaling, as recently observed in experiments. The roughness exponents ($\zeta$, $\zeta_{loc}$) and the global width distributions are found to be universal with respect to the lattice geometry. Failure is preceded by avalanche precursors whose distribution follows a power law up to a cutoff size. While the characteristic avalanche size scales as $s_0 \sim L^D$, with a universal fractal dimension $D$, the distribution exponent $\tau$ differs slightly for triangular and diamond lattices and, in both cases, it is larger than the mean-field (fiber bundle) value $\tau=5/2$